1.2  Second  and  Higher  Order  Equations   1.3  System  of  Ordinary  Differential  Equations  (ODEs)  
1.  Finding  Explicit  Solutions  of  ODE  or  ODE  systems:     Write  matlab  code  to  solve  the  following  ODE  system:  
  Solve.    𝑦 !! 𝑥 + 8𝑦 ! 𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑥 = cos 𝑥 ;              𝑦 0 = 0, 𝑦 ! 0 = 1.  
!"
1.1  Solve  IVP.    !" = 𝑥𝑦    for  𝑦 1 = 1.      
  Matlab  code:                                                                                    𝑥 ! 𝑡 = 𝑥 𝑡 + 2𝑦 𝑡 − 𝑧(𝑡)  
Matlab  code:    
clear all
𝑦 ! 𝑡 = 𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑧(𝑡)  
 
clear all
clc                                                                                𝑧 ! 𝑡 = 4𝑥 𝑡 − 4𝑦 𝑡 + 5𝑧(𝑡)  
clc
x = linspace(0,1,20); Matlab  code:  
y = dsolve('D2y + 8*Dy + 2*y = cos(x)','y(0)=0, Dy(0)=1','x');
x = linspace(0,1,20); clear all
z = eval(vectorize(y));
y = dsolve('Dy = y*x','y(1)=1','x'); plot(x,z) clc
z = eval(vectorize(y)); xlabel('x', 'FontSize',16); t = linspace(0,0.5,25);
plot(x,z) ylabel('y','FontSize',16); inits='x(0)=1, y(0)=2, z(0)=3';
  [x,y,z] = dsolve('Dx=x+2*y-z', 'Dy=x+z', 'Dz=4*x-4*y+5*z',
  inits);
0.2
xx = eval(vectorize(x));
yy = eval(vectorize(y));
1
zz = eval(vectorize(z));
0.18
plot(t,xx,'k--','LineWidth',1.5)
0.95 hold on
0.16
plot(t,yy,'k-.','LineWidth',1.5)
hold on
0.9 0.14
plot(t,zz,'k','LineWidth',1.5)
hold on
0.12 %plot(t,xx,t,yy,t,zz)
0.85
xlabel('t', 'FontSize',16);
ylabel('x,y,z','FontSize',16);

y
0.1
0.8 legend('x','y','z')
0.08  
0.75
0.06
25
x
0.7 0.04 y
z

0.02
0.65 20

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0.6
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 x
15
   

x,y,z
   
    10

   
   
   
5

   
    0
    0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
t
     
 

2  Finding  Numerical  Solutions    

45
  2.2  System  of  ODEs    
2.1  First  order  ODE  with  M-­‐files     40
  Solve  the  following  system  of  Lorentz  equations  
Write  matlab  code  to  numerically  approximate  the  solution     35

of  the  first  order  differential  equation     𝑑𝑥

!" = −𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦   30
= 𝑥𝑦 ! + 𝑦;      𝑦 0 = 1,  on  the  interval  𝑥 ∈ [0, 0.5].   𝑑𝑡
!" 𝑑𝑦
  = 𝜌𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑧  

z
25

To  solve  the  above  ODE  problem  we  need  to  create  two  m-­‐ 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑧 20
files  (function  file  and  matlab  file)       = −𝛽𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦  
𝑑𝑡
  To  solve  the  above  ODE  system  we  need  to  create  two  m-­‐ 15
Function  file  is  as  follows:   files  (function  file  and  matlab  file)      
function yprime = firstode(x,y); 10
yprime=x*y^2+y;  
end
Function  file  is  as  follows:   5
    -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
matlab  file  is  as  follows:   function xprime = lorentz(t,x);
clear all sig=10;
 
clc beta=8/3
y0=1; rho= 28  
xspan=[0,0.7]; xprime=[-sig*x(1)+sig*x(2);rho*x(1)-x(2)-x(1)*x(3);-
[x,y]=ode23(@firstode,xspan,y0);
 
beta*x(3)+x(1)*x(2)];
plot(x,y, 'LineWidth',2) end  
axis([0 0.7 1 2]);
   
   
 
   
matlab  file  is  as  follows:  
2
   
1.9 To  draw  first  figure:    
1.8    
1.7
clear all  
clc
 
1.6
x0=[-8 8 27];  
1.5 tspan=[0,20];  
[t,x]=ode45(@lorentz, tspan, x0);
1.4
plot(x(:,1),x(:,3))  
1.3 xlabel('x', 'FontSize',16);  
ylabel('z','FontSize',16);
1.2  
1.1
 
1
 
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
 
 
To  draw  second  figure:  
 
clear all
clc

x0=[-8 8 27];
tspan=[0,20];
[t,x]=ode45(@lorentz, tspan, x0);
%plot(x(:,1),x(:,3))
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,x(:,1))
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,x(:,2))
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t,x(:,3))
 
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20

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-40
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

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