Internet-of-Things (IoT)

Dr. Md. Sazzadur Rahman

Professor
IIT-JU
 eie slide er kono note nai...sob e ekhane..

What is the Internet-of-Things?

 How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• Use this information to make a decision (process)
• Inform user of decision (communicate)
Example – Smart Fridge:
Let’s say you’re leaving your home:

The fridge senses that you are going out (user detection).

It also checks and finds there is no milk inside (object detection).

Then it processes the data and decides you may need to buy milk.

Finally, it notifies you on your phone.

This shows how sensors + decision-making + communication = IoT system.
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• What type of sensor?
• Distinguish between parent and child
• Identify reason for leaving home
• Identify other contexts (e.g., store hours)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• Use this information to make a decision (process)
• Inform user of decision (notify)
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• What type of sensor?
• Is milk needed?
• No milk or “little” milk? (prediction)
• Use this information to make a decision (process)
• Inform user of decision (notify)
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• Use this information to make a decision (process)
• Where is processor?
• What are the rules?
• Fixed rules versus dynamic rules (learning)
• Inform user of decision (notify)
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• Use this information to make a decision (process)
• Inform user of decision (notify)
• How?
• When?
• Privacy?
• Subtleness?
• Information overflow?
Internet-of-Things (IoT) What components are included in an Internet of Things
(IoT) node?

Physical object (“thing”)

+
Controller (“brain”)
+
Sensors
+
Actuators
+
Networks (Internet)
Internet-of-Things (IoT) Figure Important
Related Areas/Terminology
• Embedded systems: not necessarily connected Devices with built-in computers
• Sensor networks: collection of sensor devices connected through
wireless channels Many sensors working together, wirelessly.
• Cyber-physical systems: focus on interaction between physical and
cyber systems
• Real-time systems: focus on time constraints Systems that must respond quickly (e.g.,
medical).
• Pervasive/ubiquitous computing: focus on anytime/anywhere
computing Computing that works anywhere, anytime.
Related Areas
• Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications
• Internet of Everything (Cisco Systems)
• “Skynet” (Terminator movie)
“Internet-of-Things” History of IoT

• Term coined by British entrepreneur Kevin Ashton, while working at

MIT Auto-ID Labs
• Referred to (and envisioning) a future global network of objects
connected specifically by RFID (radio-frequency identification)
• Complete automation of data collection
• First article about IoT in 2004 from MIT; called “Internet 0”
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Evolution of IoT
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Cisco Commercial
Augment Existing Things
Augmenting Life With New Things
• Smart City
• Smart Car
• Smart Me (healthcare, fitness, wellness)
Example: Connected Roadways
• US DoT Statistics for 2012: IoT in Real Life – Examples:
Smart Cities: Better traffic, safety, energy use.
• 5.6million crashes
• About 31,o00 fatalities (26,500 in EU) Smart Cars: Self-driving, automatic safety
systems.
• Over 1.6M injuries
Smart Homes: Lights, AC, locks controlled via
• 1trillion USD in economic loss phone.
• 5.5billion hours of travel delays per year Smart Factories: Automatic machines, safety
alerts.
• CO2 emissions
Smart Health: Devices that check health, fitness.

Smart Buildings: Energy saving, smart lighting.

 Transportation er ecosystem.. and ekhane ki ki sensor lagse segula.... evabe others jekono
scenario diye evabe sensor chaite pare..
Example: Connected Roadways
Example: Connected Roadways

State of Self-Driving Car

Example: Connected Factory
Example: Connected Factory
• New product and service introductions faster
• Increasing production, quality, uptime
• Mitigating unplanned downtime
• Protecting from cyber threats
• Worker productivity and safety
Example: Smart & Connected Buildings
• Energy management
• Lighting
• Safety
• HVAC
• Building automation
• Smart spaces
Example: Smart Creatures
Example: Smart Creatures
• IoT-Enabled Roach, NC State University
Example: Fight Poverty
• Try to get more shoppers from Warden Road to Dharavi in Mumbai
Example: Smart Grid
Example: Smart Homes
Example: Smart Lighting
• Tunable light, 16 million colors
• Activated by smartphone or over Zigbee wireless
• Can serve as alarm clock
• Can synch colors to movies or possibly music

Philips never anticipated

the demand - sold out in 3
months at Apple stores!
Example: Wi-Fi Connected Goal Light
In-Home Automatic Hockey Goal Light (Budweiser)
Example: Smart Corks
Smart Corq: allows wine producers and consumers to have greater
assurance of the quality and provenance of each bottle of wine
• Bottling date
• Grape type
• Alcohol percentage
• and more…
More Smarts
• Smart bathroom cabinet for medicine
• Smart refrigerator
• Smart toilet
• Smart history (in museums)
• Smart health (sensors in running shoes)
• Smart buying (beacons)
• Smart shirt (seal wounds)
• Smart helmet (detect concussion)
•…
Technologies that Made IoT Possible (Enablers):
Enablers: Portability
• Reducing the size of hardware to enable the creation of computers
that could be physically moved around relatively easily
Portability: Devices are small and easy to carry.

Miniaturization: All tech fits in a small device.

Low Power: Uses less battery.

Connectivity: Always connected to the internet.

Convergence: One device does many things (phone = camera + music + calls).

Ecosystems: Big systems like cloud, app stores, networks all working together.

Example: A smartphone has almost all IoT features.

Enablers: Miniaturization
• Creating new and significantly smaller mobile form factors that
allowed the use of personal mobile devices while on the move
Enablers: Low Power and Low Heat
• Low power architectures Portability: Devices are small and easy to carry.

• Low power radios Miniaturization: All tech fits in a small device.

• Sleep modes Low Power and low heat: Uses less battery.

• Energy harvesting Connectivity: Always connected to the internet.

Convergence: One device does many things (phone = camera

+ music + calls).

Divergence : Focuses on specialized devices that do one

specific task well, instead of all-in-one general devices.

Ecosystems: Big systems like cloud, app stores, networks all

working together.

Example: A smartphone has almost all IoT features.

Enablers: Connectivity
• Developing devices and applications that allowed users to be online
and communicate via wireless data networks while on the move
Enablers: Convergence
• Integrating emerging types of digital mobile devices, such as Personal
Digital Assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, music players, cameras,
games, etc., into hybrid devices
Enablers: Divergence
• Opposite approach to interaction design by promoting information
appliances with specialized functionality rather than generalized ones
Enablers: Ecosystems
• The emerging wave of digital ecosystems is about the larger wholes
of pervasive and interrelated technologies that interactive mobile
systems are increasingly becoming a part of
Example: Smartphone
• Portability: carry it anywhere you want
• Miniaturization: make it possible to build device to fit in your pocket
• Connectivity: Wi-Fi, LTE/4G, cellular, Bluetooth
• Convergence: phone, camera, gaming device, movie streaming, music
player, …
• Digital Ecosystem: cloud, social networks, software development kits,
app stores, big data, standardization …
 IoT Issues & Challenges
Lecture-1 theke point gula
porbo and ekhan theke eie
example gula combine kore r ki
Reaction to Commercial
• One Perspective Some people like the convenience.
“Coke commercial about security cameras was so cool. Let's look at the world a
little differently. Going to drink a coke in honor.”
• Another Perspective
“Ad full of hidden security-cam moments: Coke proudly proclaims itself official
soft drink of the security state.”
Some worry about privacy and too much surveillance.