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MSC 4 Sem Mathematics Functional Analysis 4263 May 2021

This document is an examination paper for the M.Sc. degree in Mathematics, specifically focusing on Functional Analysis. It includes multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and detailed problems to solve, covering various topics within the subject. The exam is structured into three parts: Part A consists of 15 multiple-choice questions, Part B has 2 longer questions, and Part C contains 5 extensive problems.

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124 views8 pages

MSC 4 Sem Mathematics Functional Analysis 4263 May 2021

This document is an examination paper for the M.Sc. degree in Mathematics, specifically focusing on Functional Analysis. It includes multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and detailed problems to solve, covering various topics within the subject. The exam is structured into three parts: Part A consists of 15 multiple-choice questions, Part B has 2 longer questions, and Part C contains 5 extensive problems.

Uploaded by

santhoshkumarsv1999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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S.No. 4263 19PMA12

(For the candidates admitted from 2019-2020 onwards)

M.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL/MAY 2021

Fourth Semester
MATHEMATICS
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
Time : Three hours Maximum : 75 marks

PART A — (15  1 = 15 marks)

Answer ALL the questions.

1. Let p be a real number such that 1  p   . Denote


by lpM the space of n-tuples x  x1 , x 2 ,...x n  of
scalars, with the norm defined by
1/ p
 n 
 
p
x x . Then l pn is a
p  i 1 i 
 

(a) Banach space

(b) Hilbert space

(c) Metrizable space

(d) Discrete space


2. An L p space essentially consists of all measurable
functions f defined on a measure space X with
p
measure m which are such that f (x ) is
integrable, with

(a) f p
  f (x ) 1/ p
dm ( x )  p

(b) f p
  f (x ) p
dm ( x ) 
1/ p

(c) f p
  f (x ) p
dm ( x ) 
p

(d) f p
  f (x ) 1/ p
dm ( x ) 
1/ p

3. Which of the following is called uniform norm

(a) f  inf f ( x ) (b) f  max f ( x )

(c) f  sup f ( x ) (d) f  min f ( x )

4. If N is a finite-dimensional normed linear space of


dimension n, then the dimension of N * is

(a) n2 (b) 1

(c) 0 (d) n

2 S.No. 4263
5. If B and B' are banach spaces, and if T is a
continuous linear transformation of B onto B',
then
(a) T 1 is continuous
(b) T is an open mapping
(c) T is a homeomorphism
(d) T 1 is an open mapping

6. If x and y are any two vectors in a Hilbert space,


then
(a) ( x , y)  x y (b) ( x , y)  x y

(c) ( x , y)  x y (d) ( x , y)  x y

7. A Hilbert space H is separable if and only if every


orthonormal set in H is
(a) Complete (b) Connected
(c) Uncountable (d) Countable

8. If M is a closed linear subspace of a Hilbert


space H, let x is a vector not in M, and let d be the
distance from x to M. Then there exist a vector y0
in M such that
(a) x  y0  d (b) x  y0  d

(c) x  y0 1 (d) x  y0  d

3 S.No. 4263
9. If T is non-singular, then T*
(a) Singular (b) Non-singular
(c) Normal (d) Unitary

10. If N is a normal operator on H, then


(a) NN *  I (b) N N*
(c) NN *  N * N (d) N * 1

11. If H is finite-dimensional, then every isometric


isomorphism of H into itself is
(a) Normal (b) Symmetric
(c) Unitary (d) Anti-symmetric

12. If N1 and N 2 are normal operators on H with the


property that either commutes with the adjoint of
the other, then
(a) Parallel projection
(b) Projection space
(c) Idempotent operator
(d) Perpendicular projection

13. If 0 is only topological divisor of zero in A and C is


the Banach algebra of all complex numbers, then
(a) A C (b) A C
(c) A C (d) None of the above

4 S.No. 4263
[P.T.O.]
14. The spectral radius r(x ) is defined as

(a) r ( x )  inf  :   A ( x )

(b) r ( x )  max  :   A ( x )

(c) r ( x )  sup  :   A ( x )

(d) r ( x )  min  :   A ( x )

15. If r is an element of R , then 1  r is

(a) right regular (b) right ideal

(c) left regular (d) left ideal

PART B — (2  5 = 10 marks)

Answer any TWO questions.

16. Stat and prove the Hahn-Banach theorem.

17. If B and B' are Banach spaces, and if T is a


continuous linear transformation of B onto B',
then prove that the image of each open sphere
centered on the origin in B contains an open
sphere centered on the origin in B'.

5 S.No. 4263
18. If M is a proper closed linear subspace of a Hilbert
space H, then prove that there exists a non-zero
vector z0 in H such that z0  M .

19. Show that the unitary operators on H form a


group.

20. Prove that  (x ) is non-empty.

PART C — (5  10 = 50 marks)

Answer ALL the questions.

21. (a) Let M be a closed linear subspace of a


normed linear space N. If the norm of a
cos et x  M in the quotient space N/M is
defined by x  M  inf  x  m : m M  , then
prove that N/M is a normed linear space.
Further, if N is Banach space, then prove
that N/M is also a banach space.

Or
(b) If T is a continuous linear transformation of
a normed linear space N into a normed
linear space N ' , and if M is its null space,
show that T induces a natural linear
transformation T' of N/M into N' and that
T'  T .

6 S.No. 4263
22. (a) State and prove the Closed Graph Theorem.

Or

(b) Prove that a closed convex subset C of a


Hilbert space H contains a unique vector of
smallest norm.

23. (a) Let H be a Hilbert space, and let ei  be an


orthonormal set in H. prove that the
following conditions are all equivalent to one
another:

(i) ei  is complete


(ii) x  ei  x  0

(iii) If x is a arbitrary vector in H, then


x   x , ei ei

(iv) If x is an arbitrary vector in H, then


x   x , ei  .
2 2

Or

(b) Let H be a Hilbert space, and let f be an


arbitrary functional in H*. Then prove that
there exist a unique vector y in H such that
f ( x )  ( x , y ) for every x in H.

7 S.No. 4263
24. (a) If T is an operator on H for which Tx , x   0
for all x, then prove that T  0 .

Or
(b) Show that the projections on H form a
complete lattice with respect to their natural
ordering as self-adjoint operators.

25. (a) Prove that every element x for which


x  1  1 is regular and the inverse of such
an element is given by the formula

x 1 1   1  x 
n 1
n
.

Or
(b) If r is an element of A with the property that
1  x r is regular for every x, then prove that
r is in R.

–––––––––

8 S.No. 4263

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