Computational Problem Solving Assignment 5

String manipulation and loops in C++

Deadline: 11:55PM, 9 March
Lead TAs: Amna Hassan and Haider Dawood Khan
Learning Outcomes

• Implement loops and string manipulation to solve computational problems.

• Translate problem descriptions into functional C++ code.

Submission Guidelines

• Attempt each task in a separate C++ source file (task#.cpp).

• Combine all .cpp files into a folder, zip it, and rename as 2XXXXXXX PA5.zip.

• Submit your zipped file via the designated LMS portal before the deadline.

Important Notes

• Copying or plagiarism is strictly prohibited.

• This assignment is a practical exercise to enhance your learning; dishonest practices will
impede your progress.

Problem 1: Number Triangle Pattern [20]

Write a program in C++ that takes an integer input rows and prints a right-angle triangle
pattern using numbers. The program should:

• Prompt the user to enter an integer.

• Print a right-angle triangle where each row contains the row number repeated accord-
ingly.

• Display the pattern based on the input number of rows.

Sample Output

Input number of rows: 5

1
22
333
4444
55555

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Problem 2: Sum of First and Last Digits [10]
Write a program in C++ to find the sum of the first and last digits of any integer. The
program should:

• Prompt the user to enter an integer.

• Extract the first digit of the number.

• Extract the last digit of the number.

• Calculate the sum of the first and last digits.

• Display the first digit, the last digit, and their sum.

Sample Output

Input any number: 12345

The first digit of 12345 is: 1
The last digit of 12345 is: 5
The sum of first and last digit of 12345 is: 6

Problem 3: Summation of Odd Digits Using Loops [10]

Write a program that repeatedly asks the user for a positive integer and, for each input,
calculates the sum of all the odd digits in that number using loops. The program should
continue prompting the user until they enter a non-positive integer, at which point it should
terminate.

• Use a loop to repeatedly prompt the user for a positive integer.

• If the entered number is non-positive, terminate the program.
• Use another loop to process the digits of the number:
– Extract each digit (e.g., using % 10 and / 10).
– Check if the digit is odd; if so, add it to a sum.
• After processing all digits, output the sum of odd digits for the given number.
• Repeat the process until the user enters a non-positive integer.

Example
Input: 12345
Output: 9 (since 1 + 3 + 5 = 9)

Input: 24689
Output: 9

Input: 0
Output: (end program)

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Problem 4: Power Calculation Without Built-In Functions [10]
Write a program in C++ to calculate and display the powers of a given number up to a
specified maximum exponent without using any built-in functions (such as pow). The program
should:

• Prompt the user for a base number.

• Prompt the user for the maximum exponent.

• Use loops to compute the power for each exponent from 0 up to the maximum exponent.

• Display the results in the format: base ^ exponent = result.

Sample Output

Input the base: 2

Input the max exponent: 5
2 ^ 0 = 1
2 ^ 1 = 2
2 ^ 2 = 4
2 ^ 3 = 8
2 ^ 4 = 16
2 ^ 5 = 32

Problem 5: Prime Number Generator [20]

Write a program that:

• Prompts the user to enter a positive integer N (1 ≤ N ≤ 100).

• Uses a nested loop to determine whether a number is prime.

• Prints the first N prime numbers in a single line, separated by spaces.

Example 1

Input:
Enter N: 10

Output:
2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29

Example 2

Input:
Enter N: 5

Output:
2 3 5 7 11

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Hint A prime number is a number greater than 1 that has no divisors other than 1 and
itself. Use a nested loop to check divisibility and determine if a number is prime.

Problem 6: Frequency of Each Digit [20]

Write a program in C++ to determine the frequency of each digit (0 through 9) in a given
integer. The program should:

• Prompt the user to enter an integer.

• Analyze the number to count how many times each digit appears.

• Display the frequency for each digit from 0 to 9.

• NOTE: You must do this using nested loops without declaring a separate count variable
for each digit.

Sample Output

Input any number: 122345

The frequency of 0 = 0
The frequency of 1 = 1
The frequency of 2 = 2
The frequency of 3 = 1
The frequency of 4 = 1
The frequency of 5 = 1
The frequency of 6 = 0
The frequency of 7 = 0
The frequency of 8 = 0
The frequency of 9 = 0

Problem 7: String Manipulation: Replacing Spaces [30]

Part A: Replace Spaces and Display Characters

Write a C++ program that performs basic string manipulation. The program should:

1. Use getline(cin, str) to read an entire line of text (since cin stops at spaces).

2. Use a loop to iterate over the string and print each character on a new line. Use
str.length() to get the length of the string.

3. Use indexing (i.e., str[i]) to access each character.

4. Identify any spaces in the string and print the indices at which they are found.

5. Lastly, replace all spaces with an asterisk (*).

Guidelines and Examples:

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 • Reading Input: Use the following code to read a full line from the user:

string str;
getline(cin, str);

• Accessing Characters Using Indexing: To access and print each character of a string,
you can use a loop with indexing that iterates over the string’s length. str[0] gives
the first character in the string, str[1] gives the second character and so on and so
forth. If str is of length n, then the last character is at index n-1.
For example:

for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)

{
cout << str[i];
}

This loop iterates over the entire string and prints each character (including spaces).

• Identifying Spaces and Replacing Them: You can check if a character is a space by
comparing it to ’ ’. To replace a space with an asterisk, use:

if (str[i] == ’ ’)
{
str[i] = ’*’;
}

Note: When you change str[i], the string itself is modified.

Sample Output:
Input a string: Hello World!
H
e
l
l
o

W
o
r
l
d
!
Spaces found at indices: 5
Modified string: Hello*World!

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Part B: Print the String in Reverse

Based on what you learned in Part A, extend your program to print the entire (modified)
string in reverse order. Use a loop to access characters in reverse (starting from the last
index and moving to the first).

Sample Output (using the modified string from Part A)

Reversed String: !dlroW*olleH