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Introduction-to-Objects-and-Classes-in-BlueJ-Java

This document introduces object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts in Java using BlueJ, focusing on objects and classes. It explains the definitions and roles of objects and classes, how to declare and instantiate objects, and covers key principles such as inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. The document encourages practical application and continued learning in OOP.

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harinpatel4513
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9 views

Introduction-to-Objects-and-Classes-in-BlueJ-Java

This document introduces object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts in Java using BlueJ, focusing on objects and classes. It explains the definitions and roles of objects and classes, how to declare and instantiate objects, and covers key principles such as inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. The document encourages practical application and continued learning in OOP.

Uploaded by

harinpatel4513
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to

Objects and
Classes in BlueJ
Java
Welcome to the world of object-oriented programming (OOP) in Java with
BlueJ! In this presentation, we'll explore the fundamental concepts of objects
and classes, which form the core of OOP. BlueJ is an excellent environment
for beginners because it provides a visual and interactive way to learn about
these concepts. We'll start by understanding what objects and classes are,
then delve into how to create and manipulate them in BlueJ. We'll explore
features like object properties and methods, inheritance, polymorphism, and
encapsulation.

by harin patel
What is an Object?
An object in Java is like a real-world thing, but represented in code. Imagine a
car - it has properties like color, make, and model, and it can perform actions
like driving, braking, and turning. In Java, a car could be an object. It would
have properties like `color` (string), `make` (string), and `model` (string). It
could also have methods like `drive()`, `brake()`, and `turn()`. Objects are
instances of classes, meaning they are created from blueprints called classes.

Properties
Characteristics or attributes of an object. They define what the object is
like. For example, a car's color, make, and model are properties.

Methods
Actions or behaviors that an object can perform. For example, a car's
`drive()`, `brake()`, and `turn()` methods represent its actions.
What is a Class?
A class is a blueprint or template that defines the structure and behavior of
objects. It acts as a blueprint for creating objects. Think of a class like a
blueprint for building a house. The blueprint specifies the number of rooms,
the size of the house, and the type of materials to be used. Similarly, a class
in Java defines the properties and methods that all objects of that class will
have.

1 Properties
Properties are defined as variables within a class. They represent the
characteristics or attributes of objects created from that class.

2 Methods
Methods are functions defined within a class. They specify the
actions or behaviors that objects of that class can perform.
Declaring and
Instantiating Objects
In Java, we declare and instantiate objects using the `new` keyword.
Declaring an object means creating a reference to it, while instantiating it
means actually creating the object in memory. Let's consider the example of
our car object: We would first declare a variable of type `Car` (assuming we
have a class named `Car`) and then use the `new` keyword to create a new
`Car` object.

Declaration

1 Car myCar;

Instantiation

2 myCar = new Car();


Accessing Object
Properties and
Methods
Once an object is created, we can access its properties and methods using
the dot (.) operator. The dot operator is used to access the members of an
object. For example, to set the color of our `myCar` object to "Red", we
would use: `myCar.setColor("Red");` Similarly, to drive the car, we would use:
`myCar.drive();`

myCar.setColor("Red"); Sets the color property of the


myCar object to "Red".

myCar.drive(); Executes the drive method of the


myCar object, simulating the
action of driving.
Inheritance and Polymorphism
Inheritance and polymorphism are powerful concepts that allow us to create relationships between classes and reuse code.
Inheritance lets us create new classes (child classes) that inherit properties and methods from existing classes (parent
classes). This promotes code reuse and organization.

Inheritance Polymorphism

A mechanism where a child class inherits properties and The ability of objects to take on different forms depending
methods from a parent class. This allows for code reuse on the context. This means a method can have different
and creating hierarchies of classes. For example, a behaviors depending on the type of object it is called on.
`SportsCar` class could inherit from the `Car` class and For example, a `drive()` method could behave differently
add additional properties and methods specific to sports for a `SportsCar` object compared to a regular `Car`
cars. object.
Encapsulation and Access Modifiers
Encapsulation is the principle of hiding data (properties) and methods within a class. Access modifiers like `public`,
`private`, and `protected` control how these members can be accessed from outside the class. Encapsulation ensures
data integrity and provides a way to control access to object members.

Private Public Protected


Private members can only be Public members can be accessed from Protected members can be accessed
accessed within the same class. This anywhere, even outside the class. This within the same class, subclasses, and
helps protect data integrity and allows for flexibility and interaction packages. This allows for a level of
ensures that it is only manipulated in a with other parts of the program. access control between classes that
controlled manner. are related through inheritance.
Conclusion and Key
Takeaways
We've covered the essential concepts of objects and classes in Java with
BlueJ. Remember, an object is a representation of a real-world thing with
properties and methods. Classes are blueprints for creating objects. We
explored how to declare, instantiate, and access object members. We also
saw the power of inheritance and polymorphism for code reuse and creating
relationships between classes. Finally, encapsulation and access modifiers
help us control access and protect the integrity of our objects.

Think in Objects
1
Start seeing the world around you as objects with properties
and behaviors. This can help you understand how objects
can be used to model real-world situations in Java.

2 Practice with BlueJ


Use BlueJ to create your own objects and explore the
concepts we've discussed. Experiment with different
classes, properties, methods, and inheritance.

3 Keep Learning
OOP is a vast and powerful paradigm. As you progress, you'll
encounter more advanced concepts and techniques. Keep
learning and exploring the world of object-oriented
programming!

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