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Compression Part 1

The document outlines the principles of designing steel compression members, focusing on their behavior under load and the evaluation of allowable stresses. It categorizes columns into short, intermediate, and long types, detailing their failure modes and the significance of the slenderness ratio. Additionally, it includes sample problems and calculations related to Euler's buckling formula and the design provisions from NSCP 2015 for compression members.

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Helen Grace Laverinto
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53 views16 pages

Compression Part 1

The document outlines the principles of designing steel compression members, focusing on their behavior under load and the evaluation of allowable stresses. It categorizes columns into short, intermediate, and long types, detailing their failure modes and the significance of the slenderness ratio. Additionally, it includes sample problems and calculations related to Euler's buckling formula and the design provisions from NSCP 2015 for compression members.

Uploaded by

Helen Grace Laverinto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Principles of Steel

Design
DESIGN OF
COMPRESSION MEMBERS
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
➢ interpret the behavior of compression members and
columns under load;
➢ evaluate the principles behind allowable stresses in
compression; and
➢ manifest competence in applying NSCP 2015
provisions for the design of compression members.
COMPRESSION
MEMBERS:

In structural engineering, a steel compression


member is a structural element that primarily resists
compressive forces acting along its longitudinal axis,
such as columns, struts, and braces.
TYPES OF COLUMNS:
1. Short Columns – the failure will be crushing without
buckling
2. Intermediate Columns – some of the points will yield and
the member will fail by a combination of yielding and
buckling.
3. Long Columns – the member will buckle without reaching
the proportional limit. The longer the column is, the larger
chance that it will buckle and the smaller load it can support.
The tendency to buckle is measured through
the slenderness ratio of the member. And as the slenderness
ratio increases, the capacity of the column decreases.
EULER BUCKLING FORMULA
EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTOR:
EULER BUCKLING FORMULA
EULER BUCKLING FORMULA

Et = tangent modulus
E= modulus of elasticity
Sample Problem 01:
A build-up section with unbraced length of 6 m, used as a compression
member, has the following properties:
Assume that one end of the column is fixed and the other pinned (k = 0.80).
Assumed both ends are pinned and proportional limit is 240 MPa.
E=200GPa.
a. Determine the effective slenderness ratio with
respect to the strong axis.
b. Determine the effective slenderness ratio with
respect to the weak axis.
c. Determine the Euler’s critical buckling load.
d. Determine the minimum length of a column
having this section so as not to exceed the
proportional limit.
Sample Problem 02:
Built up column 12 m long consists of W 350 x 110 with two plates
welded to form a box section. With respect to x – axis column is fixed,
y – axis column is braced at mid height. Use the theoretical k values
a. Compute the effective slenderness
ratio with respect to x – axis.
b. Compute the effective slenderness
ratio with respect to y – axis.
c. Compute the Euler’s critical buckling
load.
d. What is the minimum length of
column without exceeding the
proportional limit?
Practice Problem:
An angle section 9m long is connected with fixed on one side and
hinge on the other side. Use the theoretical k values

a. Compute the effective slenderness


ratio with respect to x – axis.
b. Compute the effective slenderness
ratio with respect to y – axis.
c. Compute the Euler’s critical buckling
load.
d. What is the minimum length of
column without exceeding the
proportional limit?
SECTION 505 – DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMPRESSION

505.3 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF FLEXURAL BUCKLING OF


MEMBERS WITHOUT SLENDER ELEMENTS
The nominal compressive strength, Pn, shall be determined based on the limit state of
flexural buckling.
SECTION 505 – DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMPRESSION

The Flexural buckling stress, F , cr

Fe = Elastic Critical buckling stress determined according to Eq. 505.3-4, Section 505.4, or the provisions of
Section 503.2, as applicable, MPa.
Sample Problem 03:
A compression member is 3 meters long and pinned at both
ends. Effective length factor k = 1.0. The section is made up
of two- 150mm x 100mm x 10mm angle of unequal legs with
long legs back to back and separated by a gusset plate 10
mm thick. Use A-36 steel, Fy= 248 MPa and E= 200,000
MPa.
4.Determine the allowable axial capacity of the compression
member
5.with Ω𝑐 = 1.67.
6.Determine the design axial capacity of the compression
member
7.with 𝜙𝑐 = 0.9.
Sample Problem 01:
A W 14 x 142 is used as a column having length of 9 m long. It is
hinged at the upper end and fixed at the lower end but there is a
lateral bracing perpendicular to the minor axis of the W section at the
5.4 m above the bottom support. It is assumed to be pinned
connected at the bracing point. Using A-36 steel Fy=248 MPa and the
NSCP specifications.
1. Compute Es= 200 GPa.
the critical
slenderness ratio.
Using NSCP 2001
2.Compute the allowable axial
stress.
3.Compute the capacity of the
column section.
Using NSCP 2010
4. Compute the allowable axial
Sample Problem 01:
A W14x90 steel column is used to carry an axial dead load of 600
kN and live load of 1900 kN. The column is 9m long and is pinned
at the top and bottom in both axes. Additional support has been
added with lateral and torsional bracing about the y-axis and
midpoint respectively. Using NSCP 2015 LRFD ,Determine the
adequacy of the column section given Fy=345 MPa.

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