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Smart Door Lock System

Project Report Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of

The Requirements for The Degree Of

Bachelor of Technology
In

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Of

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal

By

DEBANITA ROY BHOWMICK, 07 10900320007.

SUPRIYO GHOSH, 121 10900321068
TOMORJYOTI CHAKRABORTY, 12 10900320012.
GAURAV DEBNATH, 42 10900320043.

Under the guidance of

SWATI CHAKRABORTI

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Netaji Subhash Engineering College
Garia, Kolkata – 700152

Academic year of pass out: 2023-24

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project report titled Smart Door Lock System submitted in partial

fulfillment of requirements for award of the degree Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in

Electronics and Communication Engineering of West Bengal University of Technology is a

faithful record of the original work carried out by,

Debanita Roy Bhowmick, 07, 10900320007, 2010903078. 201090100310089 of 2020-21

Supriyo Ghosh, 121, 10900321068, 2110903L19. 211090100320007 of 2021-22

Tomorjyoti Chakraborty, 12, 10900320012, 2010903002. 201090100310084 of 2020-21

Gaurav Debnath, 42, 10900320043, 2010903008. 201090100310053 of 2020-21

under my guidance and supervision.

It is further certified that it contains no material, which to a substantial extent has been

submitted for the award of any degree/diploma in any institute or has been published in

any form, except the assistances drawn from other sources, for which due

acknowledgement has been made.

___________
Date:……….. Signature of the Supervisor

Swati Chakraborti

________________

Head of the Department

ECE
Netaji Subhash Engineering College
Techno City, Garia, Kolkata – 700 152
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Declaration
We hereby declare that this project report titled

Smart Door Lock System

is our own original work carried out as a under graduate student in Netaji Subhash

Engineering College except to the extent that assistances from other sources are duly

acknowledged.

All sources used for this project report have been fully and properly cited. It contains no

material which to a substantial extent has been submitted for the award of any

degree/diploma in any institute or has been published in any form, except where due

acknowledgement is made.

Student’s names: Signatures: Date:

……………………….. ……………………….. ……………………

……………………….. ……………………….. ……………………

……………………….. ……………………….. ……………………

……………………….. ……………………….. ……………………

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Certificate of Approval

We hereby approve this dissertation titled

Smart Door Lock System

carried out by

Debanita Roy Bhowmick, 07, 10900320007, 2010903078. 201090100310089 of 2020-21

Supriyo Ghosh, 121, 10900321068, 2110903L19. 211090100320007 of 2021-22

Tomorjyoti Chakraborty, 12, 10900320012, 2010903002. 201090100310084 of 2020-21

Gaurav Debnath, 42, 10900320043, 2010903008. 201090100310053 of 2020-21

under the guidance of

Swati Chakraborti

of Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata in partial fulfillment of requirements for

award of the degree Bachelor of Technology (B. Tech) in Electronics and Communication

Engineering of West Bengal University of Technology.

Date:………..

Examiners’ signatures:

1. ………………………………………….

2. ………………………………………….

3. ………………………………………….
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Acknowledgement and/or Dedication

We specially want to thank Netaji Subhash Engineering College for giving us this
opportunity to enhance our knowledge of report writing and project development
skills. Without the support of our college this report, and the project would not have
been possible.

We are highly indebted to my project supervisor, Mrs. Swati Chakraborti for her
continuous support, motivation, and guidance throughout the complete duration of
my project. Despite her hectic schedule, she kept us updated and truly remained a
driving spirit in our project. Her expertise in report writing and project development
has truly helped a lot to develop this project and to improve my report.

Furthermore, we would like to express our deepest appreciation to her because

they helped us a lot to understand the vast IOT domain and always suggested
innovative ideas and encouraged us to complete this project.

Moreover, we are thankful to the staff of our college who let us use the device labs
to make our project. Finally, we would like to thank our families and friends who
cheered and motivated us during every step of the project.

Debanita Roy Bhowmick

Supriyo Ghosh

Tomorjyoti Chakraborty

Gaurav Debnath

Dated:…………………
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Abstract

This study investigates the application of smart door locking technology

to develop a novel door lock system utilizing RFID sensor, 4x4 matrix
membrane type keypad, solenoid lock, relay and Arduino Uno
microcontrollers. The proposed system aims to enhance convenience
and security in the realm of door lock systems. The design employs a
unique Radio Frequency ID and password based smart door lock
system, simulating an electronic solenoid lock controlled via a RFID tag
or card and passcode through relay module. Additionally, an Android
smartphone application can be developed if we want to further
establish control over the door lock system by sending commands via
Bluetooth to the Arduino circuit. This door lock system represents a
convergence of various technologies, with the RFID tag serving as task
handlers, the keypad for unique password and RFID reader functioning
as command agents, the Arduino UNO microcontroller acting as a
control and data processing unit, and the solenoid lock constituting the
output unit.
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Contents

1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................8

1.2 Current Scenario………..................................................................................9

1.3 Problem Definition...............................................................................................9

1.4 Our Project as Solution........................................................................................10

1.5 Aim and Objectives………................................................................................10

1.6 Project Overview………....................................................................................11

1.7 Hardware Specifications……….........................................................................11

1.8 Software Specifications………...........................................................................11

2: REVIEW WORK
2.1 Existing System.....................................................................................................12

2.2 Proposed System................................................................................................12

3: WORKING METHODOLOGY
3.1 Flowcharts & Circuit Diagram...............................................................................13,14

3.2 Work Done Until Now……………………………………………………………………………...…14

3.3 Code……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………15,16,17,18

4: RESULTS/OUTPUT & CONCLUSION……………………………....19,20

5: REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………21
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CHAPTER 1

Introduction

1.1 Introduction
The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) market in the modern era
has driven companies to prioritise market expansion and rapid product
releases, often at the expense of security considerations. This has resulted in a
proliferation of IoT products with inadequate safeguards against cyberattacks.
Furthermore, the rising cost of IoT products has created a financial barrier for
many consumers. Notwithstanding these challenges, the advancements in IoT
and digital technologies have unlocked new possibilities and enhanced various
systems, including door locking systems. The growing demand for security,
privacy, and safety in contemporary society has fuelled the innovation of smart
door locking systems that seamlessly integrate digital technology with
traditional lock mechanisms. However, the sophistication of these door locking
systems often comes at a premium, making them inaccessible to a significant
portion of the consumer base. This affordability gap is particularly pronounced
in countries like India, where the cost of such systems remains prohibitive for
many individuals. In response to this challenge, this project proposes the
development of an RFID-based Smart Door Lock system utilising an RFID
module, Bluetooth module and Arduino Uno to create an affordable automatic
door lock device that substantially enhances household security.

RFID technology: RFID is an inexpensive technology that is used for wireless

data transmission. The RFID tag and card are the key components of RFID-
technology that is used for tracking and controlling the movement of RFID
sensors. There are two types of RFID tags that are Active and Passive tags. In
this project, a passive tag is used for developing a smart door lock. The active
tag needs a battery or source to operate whereas the Passive tag does not
require any power source. (Juan Jose Echevarria, 2012)

Relay Module: A relay module is a printed circuit board (PCB) that contains an
electromagnetic relay and other components that allow it to be controlled by an
external signal, such as a microcontroller or a digital input/output (DIO) pin.
Relays are electromechanical switches that use an electric current to control the
flow of another electric current. In a relay module, the external signal triggers an
electromagnet, which switches a set of contacts to either allow or block the flow
of current. (S.K Singh 2014)
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1.2 Current Scenario

Household security is a growing concern in India, as evidenced by the

increasing number of burglaries and thefts. According to the National Crime
Records Bureau (NCRB) of India, there were 2,44,119 cases of robbery, theft,
burglary, and dacoity in residential premises in 2022. This represents a 10%
increase from 2021. The financial loss due to these thefts and burglaries are
staggering.

1.3 Problem Definition

The need for enhanced security has prompted the development of diverse door
lock systems, including mechanical and electrical locks. While mechanical door
locks typically utilise keys for operation, securing a large area necessitates a
multitude of keys and locks, leading to logistical challenges and potential
security vulnerabilities. Traditional locks are often bulky and susceptible to
damage, posing additional concerns. Moreover, the risk of misplacing or losing
keys can provide unauthorised individuals with access to restricted premises,
potentially compromising security without the owner's knowledge.
Consequently, the prevalence of traditional lock systems has been identified as
a primary factor contributing to the rise in household burglaries in India. To
mitigate this issue, the adoption of smart locks has emerged as a promising
solution. While advanced smart door lock technologies offer enhanced security
and convenience, their high cost may limit accessibility to a broader range of
users.
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1.4 Project as a Solution

In contrast to their mechanical counterparts, electronic locks consistently
demonstrate superior security capabilities, effectively resolving the security
shortcomings associated with traditional mechanical locking systems. The
pervasiveness of digital technology in the realm of door locking mechanisms
has fostered the development of a diverse array of smart locking systems.
These systems, including automatic door opening and closing systems, wireless
door locking systems, biometric-based systems, and password-based systems,
facilitate door control without the reliance on physical keys, thereby bolstering
overall household security. The implementation of these smart locks effectively
addresses a range of security concerns by providing timely user alerts and
incorporating a suite of built-in security features. But all these come at an
expensive cost, which is not generally affordable by the common masses. Our
project on an RFID based Smart Door Locking System attempts to alleviate this
issue by making this at a low cost. Thus, making high quality home security
available at affordable ranges.

1.5 Aim and Objectives

Aim
The main aim of this project is to design and implement an RFID and relay
based Smart Door Lock using the Arduino microcontroller which can be
deployed for the secured passage of an authorized user.

Objectives:
 To create a simple and cost-effective product in a short period so that it
can applicable and affordable to the average people and can compete in
the present market.

 To develop a hassle-free smart door lock system to enhance household

security by providing modern technology.

 To develop a reliable and convenient smart door lock so that people will
have an easier time unlocking their doors.

 To decrease the household burglary rate to a large extent.

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1.6 Project Overview

In our project we're using an RFID module and keypad. Our project lies on the
principle that each RFID has a unique passport or a hex code. Only when the
correct password is entered using the keypad or the card which contains the
proper hex code will open the solenoid lock. Based on this principle we have
built a smart door locking system at a low cost that maximises household
security.

1.7 Hardware Specifications

Arduino uno, rc522 RFID module, 4×4 matrix membrane keypad, jumper wires,
adapter, servo motor, bread board, 16×2 i2c display,12v solenoid lock, 1
channel relay module

1.8 Software Specifications

Arduino Ide: Arduino IDE is a software that is developed for coding the Arduino
board. It consists of a sketch editor where the Arduino code is written, a text
console for interaction with the host, where errors are displayed and the result.

Multisim: Multisim is a powerful electronic circuit design software developed by

National Instruments (NI). It combines an interactive schematic environment
with industry-standard SPICE simulation to allow users to visualize, analyze,
and design a wide range of electronic circuits.
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CHAPTER 2

Review Work

2.1 Existing System

Use of smart door lock is common but there are many issues surrounding the devices that
are presently available in market. They are mainly:
 Cost: Smart door locks are typically more expensive than traditional locks.
 Security vulnerabilities: Some smart door locks have been found to have security
vulnerabilities that could allow hackers to gain access to homes.

2.2 Proposed System

The primary objective of our project is to enhance household security through the
development of a smart door locking system that outperforms conventional mechanical or
traditional door locking systems in terms of security and technological advancement. The
frequency of household burglaries in India is alarmingly increasing, with a substantial
proportion of individuals experiencing burglaries on a regular basis. The primary cause of
household burglaries is the inherent vulnerabilities of traditional door locks, allowing
thieves to gain unauthorized access to homes, resulting in property loss, monetary theft,
and criminal offenses. This innovative door lock technology can be implemented to
strengthen door lock security, effectively mitigating these prevalent issues. The adoption of
this system in households holds the potential to significantly reduce, and potentially
eliminate, the burglary rate throughout the country. The integrated sensors and alerting
mechanisms of this technology provide timely notifications to occupants regarding burglary
attempts, enabling the apprehension of perpetrators before they can successfully breach
the system. Moreover, the cost-effective nature of this system makes it readily accessible
for implementation across various socioeconomic demographics
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CHAPTER 3
Working Methodology
3.1 Flow Charts& Circuit Diagram

3.1.1 Flowchart:

Figure 2: Circuit Diagram

Figure 1: Flow Chart

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3.1.2System (Hardware):

Figure 2: System Hardware

3.2 Work done:

Majority of the hardware connections are completed in this phase. We have connected
the LCD Screen. The 4x4 membrane keypad and the one-channel relay is also connected
to the Arduino which has been properly programmed. We have completed the circuit of
this project, which is portrayed in the above picture. We have connected the RFID module
and servo motor which will later be connected to the solenoid lock. When the wrong
password is entered via the keypad the lcd screen will display “ACCESS DENIED” and
the servo motor will not open and the door remains locked. The same happens when the
RFID scanner scans a wrong card which does not have the correct hex code as the key.
“ACCESS GRANTED” message is only displayed when the correct set password is
entered or the card having the right hex code is scanned.
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3.3 Code:
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CHAPTER 3
Result Analysis

Figure 3: wrong input

Figure 4: right input Figure 3: right input

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CHAPTER 4
Conclusion

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has heralded a new era of technological
advancement. Its core principle lies in connecting everyday physical objects to the
internet, enabling them to exchange and process information. In keeping with this
transformative paradigm, this project seeks to integrate door locks with the internet,
thus laying the foundation for a smart door locking system.
For now, we have implemented the circuit and are working on improving the software
and the code for this. Once we are done with that, we will upload the code to the
Arduino, and then work on improving the test cases for the project, which may include
using a wrong password, putting the wrong card or the system failing to scan the card.
The present study outlines the hardware circuitry of a digital security system,
incorporating an RFID-based door locking mechanism. A centralized system serves as
the backbone for managing both control and transaction operations seamlessly. The
door locking system functions in real-time, initiating door unlocking upon user tag
interaction with the reader device. Furthermore, check-in information is meticulously
stored on a central server, accompanied by the user's basic details, which comes at
the next stage of the process involving the creation of an android app and firebase
authentication. The employment of RFID technology facilitates a secure access
solution while concurrently maintaining comprehensive user records.
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CHAPTER 5
References

1. Adam, N.A.B. (2016) Smart Home Security Using Rfid System. Smart Home
Security Using Rfid System , 1(1), pp.1-24. Available at:
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/16257/.

2. Brinkmannhardware. (2014) brinkmannhardware [Online]. (1) Available from:

https://brinkmannhardware.com/door-locks-protect-home-holidays/

3. Lia Kamelia, A.N.S.R.M.S.a.W.S..E.M. (2014) ARPN Journal of Engineering

and Applied Sciences. DOOR-AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING BLUETOOTH-
BASED ANDROID, 9(10), pp.1759-62. Available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292624568_Door-
automation_system_using_bluetooth-based_android_for_mobile_phone/
citation/download.

4. LTD, A.T.C. (2015) Security for Home and Business. Advantages and
disadvantages of RFID Door Locks, I(2), pp.1-10. Available at:
http://www.astclock.com/advantages-of-rfid-door-locks/.

5. Verma, Gyanendra & Pawan, Tripathi. (2010). A Digital Security System with
Door Lock System Using RFID Technology. International Journal of Computer
Applications. 5. 10.5120/957-1334. Available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/45602075_A_Digital_Security_Syste
m_with_Door_Lock_System_Using_RFID_Technology
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Rubrics
Project Assessment Report (Final Year: Project Part I)
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Technocity, Garia, Kolkata
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