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UNIT II
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
PART A
1. Define intrinsic impedance.
The ratio of magnitude of electric field to magnetic field is called intrinsic impedance.
E
The wave impedance or intrinsic impedance, η =
H

2. Write down the magnetic boundary conditions.

(1). B1N-B2N =0 the field vector is continuous at the interface of the medium.
(ii). H₁T-H₂T=J, the field vector is discontinuous at the interface of the medium. It depends on the
surface current density.

E
3. Write down the electric boundary conditions.
D1N-D2N, the field vector is discontinuous at the interface of the medium It is depends on the

O
surface charge density.
H₁T-H₂T=-0 the field vector is continuous at the interface of the medium.

4. Define poynting vector.

C
Poynting vector is defined as the amount of energy flow of electromagnetic wave per unit area per
unit time along the wave propagation direction. It is denoted by S and is given by S=EXH
E
5. What do you mean by radiation pressure?
AC

When the electromagnetic wave strike the surface, then a force will appear due to the rate of
change of momentum. The amount of pressure exerted per unit area on the surface due to the force is
called radiation pressure.

6. What is mean by plane electromagnetic wave?

R

If the field vector of electromagnetic wave is constant over any plane that is perpendicular to the
direction of wave propagation at any instant of time, then this wave is called plane electromagnetic
G

wave.

7. Write any two properties of plane electromagnetic waves in free space.

 EM wave travel with the speed of light in vacuum.
 EM wave field vectors and are perpendicular to each other and they are also perpendicular to
the direction of wave propagation.
 Field vectors E and B are in same phase.

8. Write any two properties of plane electromagnetic waves in dielectric medium.

 Electrmagnetic wave in dielectric medium travel with a speed less than the speed of light.
 EM wave field vectors E and B are perpendicular to each and they are also perpendicular to
the direction of wave propagation

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 Field vectors E and Bare in same phase.

9. What is meant by polarization.

Polarization refers to a relationship between orientation of electric (or) magnetic field vector
and the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation.

10. What is meant by accelerating charge particles?

The accelerating charged particle is defined as the charged particle oscillating with respect
to an equilibrium position.

11. Define intensity of electromagnetic wave.

The magnitude of time average of poynting vector is called intensity of electromagnetic
wave.

E
12.List out any four sources of electromagnetic waves.
 Accelerating charges – Radio Waves.

O
 Fast collisions of electrons - X-rays
 Nuclear decay-Gamma rays

13. Write short notes on cell phone reception.

C
 Hot object, Human body and Sun - Infra-Red rays

Cell phone is a two-way communicating radio, consisting of a radio wave transmitter and a
E
radio wave receiver. Cell phones contain radio antenna to receive radio signals and it is a metallic
element (such as copper) engineered to be an effective size and shape for transmitting and receiving
AC

definite frequencies of radio waves. Receiver antenna converts the radio wave to an electric signal, this
receiving and converting function is said to be cell phone reception.

14. What is meant by electromagnetic waves of transverse in in nature.

R

Electric field vector and magnetic field vectors are mutually perpendicular: to each other
and also perpendicular to the wave propagation direction. These three are mutually perpendicular to
each other. Therefore electromagnetic wave said to be transverse in nature.
G

15. Define transmission co-efficient (T).

The transmission coefficient is defined as the ratio of the intensity of the transmitted wave
(It) to the intensity of the incident wave (Ii).

16.Define reflection co-efficient (R).

The reflection coefficient is defined as the ratio of intensity of the reflected wave (I r) to the
intensity of the incident wave (Ii).

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PART 'B'
1. Obtain the electromagnetic wave equation in free space in terms of electric and magnetic field
vectors. Show that velocity of wave is equal to velocity of light in free space.

2. Obtain the electromagnetic wave equation in dielectric medium in terms of magnetic field and
electric field and explains its properties.

3. Derive the expression of electromagnetic wave equation in matter and explain electromagnetic wave
properties.

4. Derive and explain the Maxwell's equations in differential form.

5. Derive and explain the Maxwell's equations using Ampere's law and Faraday's law.

E
6. Derive and explain the Maxwell's equations using Faraday's law and Gauss's laws and explain them.

O
7.Explain the boundary condition of wave field at the interface of the two different media.

C
8.Drive an expression for the momentum and the radiation pressure of an electromagnetic wave.

9. Obtain the electromagnetic wave equation for conducting medium in terms of magnetic field and
electric field.
E
10. Derive the expression for intensity of electromagnetic wave.
AC

11. Prove that the energy content due to electric and magnetic field in electromagnetic waves are
equal.
R

12. Obtain the expression for reflection and transmission coefficients of electromagnetic waves normal
incident on the interface of non-conductor medium and free space.

UNIT III
G

OSCILLATIONS, OPTICS AND LASER

PART A
1. What are called damped oscillations?
Most of the oscillations in air or in any medium are damped. When an oscillation
occurs, some kind of damping force may arise due to friction of air resistance offered by
the medium. So, a part of the energy is dissipated in overcoming the resistive force.
Consequently, the amplitude of oscillations decreases with time and finally becomes zero.
Such oscillations are called damped oscillations
2. What is forced oscillation?
When a vibrating body is maintained in the state of oscillations by a periodic force of
frequency other than its natural frequency of the body, the oscillations are called forced
oscillations.

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 All 1st semester Subjects
Professional English - I - HS3152 – Click Here
Matrices and Calculus - MA3151 – Click Here
Engineering Physics - PH3151 – Click Here
Engineering Chemistry - CY3151 – Click Here
Problem Solving and Python Programming - GE3151 – Click Here
Problem Solving and Python Programming Laboratory - GE3171 – Click Here
Physics and Chemistry Laboratory - BS3171 – Click Here