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out of course data about python

The document provides an overview of Python data types, categorizing them into mutable and immutable types, along with examples of their usage. It also lists basic Python functions and methods for beginners, including their purposes and example usages. Additionally, it details string, list, and dictionary methods, as well as some bonus utility functions.

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5 views

out of course data about python

The document provides an overview of Python data types, categorizing them into mutable and immutable types, along with examples of their usage. It also lists basic Python functions and methods for beginners, including their purposes and example usages. Additionally, it details string, list, and dictionary methods, as well as some bonus utility functions.

Uploaded by

muawiyaali313313
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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📊 Python Data Types — Mutable vs Immutable Table

Mutable /
Data Type Definition Exact Usage Example
Immutable

int ❌ Immutable Whole numbers without decimals Counting, age, scores → age = 25

Precise values like temperature →


float ❌ Immutable Decimal numbers
temp = 36.6

Numbers with real and imaginary


complex ❌ Immutable Scientific use → z = 2 + 3j
parts

bool ❌ Immutable Logical value: True or False Conditions, flags → is_valid = True

str ❌ Immutable Sequence of characters (text) Names, messages → name = "Ali"

Ordered collection of values, Fixed coordinates → location =


tuple ❌ Immutable
cannot be changed after creation (10, 20)

Secure, constant sets → fset =


frozenset ❌ Immutable Like a set, but unchangeable
frozenset({1, 2, 3})

Ordered collection, can be Shopping items → fruits =


list ✅ Mutable
changed ["apple", "banana"]

Unordered collection of unique Unique items → ids = {101, 102,


set ✅ Mutable
values 103}

User data → user = {"name": "Ali",


dict ✅ Mutable Key-value pairs (mapping)
"age": 25}

Sequence of bytes, can be Editing binary files → b =


bytearray ✅ Mutable
modified bytearray(b"hello")

Sequence of bytes, cannot be Binary data (read-only) → data =


bytes ❌ Immutable
changed b"hello"

View of a byte sequence (buffer), Low-level performance → mv =


memoryview ✅ Mutable
efficient memory use memoryview(b"abc")

#############)(#############
✅ Basic Python Functions & Methods for Beginners
📛 Name 💡 What It Does 🧱 Used With 🧪 Example Usage

print() Displays output on the screen All types print("Hello")

input() Takes user input All types name = input("Enter your name: ")

type() Shows the data type All types type(5) → <class 'int'>

len() Counts elements (length) str, list, dict len("Hi") → 2

int() Converts to integer All types int("5") → 5

float() Converts to float All types float("3.14") → 3.14

str() Converts to string All types str(10) → "10"

bool() Converts to boolean All types bool(0) → False

sum() Adds numbers in a list list sum([1, 2, 3]) → 6

min() / max() Finds smallest/largest list, str min([1, 2]) → 1

sorted() Returns a sorted list list, str sorted([3, 1, 2]) → [1, 2, 3]

range() Creates a range of numbers for loops range(5) → 0 1 2 3 4

📚 String (str) Methods – Use with "text"


📛 Name 💡 What It Does 🧪 Example Usage

.upper() Converts to UPPERCASE "hello".upper() → "HELLO"

.lower() Converts to lowercase "Hi".lower() → "hi"

.strip() Removes whitespace " hi ".strip() → "hi"

.replace() Replaces part of a string "hi".replace("h", "y") → "yi"

.split() Splits into a list by space/comma "a,b,c".split(",") → ['a', 'b', 'c']

.capitalize() Capitalizes the first letter "hello".capitalize() → "Hello"

🧾 List (list) Methods – Use with [1, 2, 3]


📛 Name 💡 What It Does 🧪 Example Usage

.append(x) Adds x to end of list my_list.append(4)

.insert(i, x) Adds x at index i my_list.insert(0, 99)

.pop() Removes last item my_list.pop()


.remove(x) Removes item x my_list.remove(2)

.sort() Sorts the list my_list.sort()

.reverse() Reverses the list my_list.reverse()

.count(x) Counts how many times x appears my_list.count(2)

📘 Dictionary (dict) Methods – Use with {"key": "value"}


📛 Name 💡 What It Does 🧪 Example Usage

.get(key) Gets value by key safely my_dict.get("name")

.keys() Returns list of keys my_dict.keys()

.values() Returns list of values my_dict.values()

.items() Returns key-value pairs my_dict.items()

.update() Adds or updates items my_dict.update({"age": 25})

.pop(key) Removes key and returns value my_dict.pop("age")

🧠 Bonus Utility Functions


📛 Name 💡 What It Does 🧪 Example Usage

list() Converts to list list("abc") → ['a', 'b', 'c']

dict() Creates a dictionary dict(name="Ali", age=20)

enumerate() Adds index while looping for i, val in enumerate(list):

zip() Combines multiple lists zip([1,2], ['a','b']) → [(1, 'a'), (2, 'b')]

✅ Tip for You as a Beginner:


Focus first on print(), input(), type(), len(), int(), str()
Then learn .upper(), .append(), .get()
Try writing small programs that ask input and show output with these.

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