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JSS 1 Lesson NOTE

Introduction To Programming (Yaba College of Technology)

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JSS 1 THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK

1. Computer Processing
2. Importance of computer as a tool for processing data
3. The Device -Mechanical -electrical -electronics
4. Types of Computers
5. Uses and application of computer
6. Advantages and disadvantages of computer
7. Mid term break
8. Mastery of the keyboard
9. Screen pointing device
10. Mouse techniques
11. Revision
12. Examination

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WEEK ONE

DATE: 25TH – 28TH APRIL 2023

CLASS: JSS 1

SUBJECT: ICT

LESSON TITLE: COMPUTER PROCESSING

CONTENT

Computer processing is an action or series of actions that a

microprocessor, also known as a central processing unit (CPU),
in a computer performs when it receives information. The CPU is
a type of electronic “brain” for a computer system, and it
executes a series of instructions that are fed to it by software
programs installed onto a computer’s hard drive and loaded into
random access memory (RAM). Though
modern computer systems have become much faster and more
complex than their earlier counterparts, they still perform the
same basic type of computer processing.

There are four distinct states that processing goes through in

order to produce meaningful output for any program. These
states are commonly referred to as (fetch, decode, execute and
write back).

A computer has four main components: the central processing

unit or CPU, the primary memory, input units and output units. A

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system bus connects all the four components, passing and

relaying information among them.

 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Computer scientists typically call the CPU the “brain” of

the computer because this is where programs are executed. The
CPU is further broken up into three smaller components: the
arithmetic unit handles all the simple mathematical
computations; the control units interpret the instructions in
a computer program; and the instruction decoding unit
converts computer programming instructions into machine code.

 Memory

Once the CPU converts a specific set of computer program

instructions into machine code, it stores that machine code in
primary storage or memory. The machine code will be treated as
either data or instructions. The CPU fetches data and
instructions from memory, uses an instruction to manipulate
the data, and then sends the result and the next set of
instructions back to memory.

 Input Units

Input units are all the devices you use to feed data to
the computer, such as a keyboard, a hard drive or a networking
card. These devices, in essence, bring data from the “outside
world” into your computer, in much the same way that your eyes
and ears bring information to your brain. Each input device has
its own hardware controller that connects to the CPU and

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primary memory, and it has a set of instructions that tells the

CPU how to use it.

 Output Units

Output units are the devices your computer uses to relay

information to the user, such as a printer, monitors and
speakers. For example, everything you see on
your computer monitor starts as machine code in memory. The
CPU takes that machine code and converts it into a format
required by your monitor’s hardware. Your monitor’s hardware
then converts that information into different light intensities so
that you see words or pictures.

PRESENTATION

I. Revision of the previous terms work and introduction of

the weeks work
II. The tutor explains the lesson to the students

EVALUATION:

1. How does computer process information?

2. What device does the computer use to communicate with the user?
3. What is meant by the word IPO?

ASSIGNMENT

Explain the following terms with four examples each

i. Input devices
ii. Output devices
iii. Processors

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WEEK TWO

DATE: 2ND – 5TH MAY 2023

CLASS: JSS 1

SUBJECT: ICT

LESSON TITLE: IMPORTANCE OF THE COMPUTER AS A TOOL

FOR DATA PROCESSING

CONTENT

Uses of Computer in communication

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1. Computer gadgets such as mobile phones, palmtops can be

used in communicating
2. The use of Video and Tele-conferencing in having
meeting(s) with various members of staff or board of
directors in different locations, with the ability to view
themselves.
3. Used in sending and receiving mails through the internet.
4. Used in multi- media communications.

Uses of Computer in Timing and Control

1. Traffic Control
2. Weather Control
3. Machine Control
4. Airplane Control

Uses of computer in information Processing and Management

 Individuals and companies also use the system to source for

e-shopping, 0n-line payment and delivery of ordered goods.

 Generation of payroll: Computers can be used to prepare

and process payroll through Microsoft Excel.
 Accounting and Banking: Computers are used to keep
proper and effective records of both goods and customer’s
money.

Uses of computer in the society

 Health Care: Hospitals are comprehensively computerized

in order to facilitate patient care at competitive cost.
 Airlines: Airline reservation agent communicates with a
centralized computer via a remote terminal to update the

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database the moment a seat on any flight is filled or

becomes available.
 Law: Lawyers use keywords to search through massive full
text database containing more cases than in any law office’s
library.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. Define computer processing.

2. State four main components of computer.
3. State five uses of computer in the society.

The following are advantages of using computers

for data processing:

1. Speeds: Computer operations (the execution of an

instruction such as the addition of two numbers) are done
at the speed of light i.e. data is processed at a very fast rate
when using the computer.
2. Accuracy: The computer is very accurate when
processing data, it is not prone to errors like human beings.
3. Reliability: Computers can work for long periods of time
performing repetitive tasks without complaining and a user
can be sure that a directive given to the computer will be
carried out.
4. Storage: Computer storage is far more efficient such that
the quantity of data stored at any point can be accessed
anytime it is required.
5. Memory Capability: Computer systems can store a huge
amount of data or information and they have total and
instant recall of these data.

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6. Exchange of information: Computer has the ability to

exchange information quickly and easily with computers
and other devices.
7. Efficiency and productivity can be raised.
8. Running cost becomes lower in the long term.
9. Overall security can be raised due to less human
intervention.

It may be noted however that, the use

of computer for data processing has its own disadvantages: like,
it is expensive, it requires trained personnel and it is costly to
maintain.

PRESENTATION

I. Revision of the previous terms work and introduction of

the weeks work
II. The tutor explains the lesson to the students

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. Define data processing.

2. List any four processing techniques.
3. Give two advantages of using computer to process
information.
4. Give two disadvantages of
using computer for data processing.

ASSIGNMENT

1. How are computers used in the bank? Explain

2. What is the essence of Computer to school?

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WEEK THREE

DATE: 8TH – 12TH MAY 2023

CLASS: JSS 1

SUBJECT: ICT

DURATION: 40 MINS

LESSON TITLE: THE DEVICE

CONTENT

DEFINITION OF A DEVICE

Devices are instruments, equipment or machines made to

perform specific functions.

CLASS OF DEVICES

Devices can be classified into four types:

 Early counting devices

 Mechanical devices
 Electrical device
 Electronic device
 Analogue device

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1. Early counting devices: Examples of this include stones,

pebbles, beads, fingers and toes, sticks, grains, marks on
the wall etc.
2. Mechanical devices: mechanism consisting of a device that
works on mechanical principles. Examples of this include
ship, cart, sewing machine, motorcycle, car, typewriter,
wheel barrow, Abacus, Slide rule, Napier bone, Pascaline,
Jacquard’s loom, Babbage’s analytic engine
3. Electrical devices: take the energy of electric current and
transform it in simple ways into some other form
of energy Examples include electric iron, electric kettle,
blender, mixer, electric clipper, fridge, fan, washing
machine, grinding machine etc
4. Electronic devices: are components for controlling the flow
of electrical currents for the purpose of information
processing and system control. Examples include
photocopier, scoreboard, calculator, radio, camera,
television, telephone and computer.
5. Anologue: They are used to measure things that change
from time to time. Examples include: barometer,
thermometer, weighing scale, rain guage etc.

PRESENTATION

I. Revision of the previous lesson and introduction of the

weeks lesson
II. The tutor explains the lesson title to the students

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. What is a device?

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2. List the five classes of device.

3. State the examples of devices.

WEEK FOUR

DATE: 15TH – 19TH MAY 2023

CLASS: JSS 1

SUBJECT: ICT

DURATION: 40 MINS

LESSON TITLE: TYPES OF COMPUTER

CONTENT

here are three types of Computers namely:

Digital computer

Analogue Computer

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Hybrid computer

 Digital Computer

Digital computer system is a system or device using discrete

signals or values to represent data numerically. They are
computers that are used for counting and to work on numbers.

It works on data of non-continuous or discontinuous nature. Most

digital representation in computing is based on the binary
system. For example, the channel select on the television set is a
digital device because it restricts you to a discrete set of
channels. Another example is the digital wrist watch which
shows you the exact time in digits and digital computers,
calculator, microcomputer, digital ammeter.

 Analogue Computer

These are computers that work on non-discrete or

continuous data. In contrast to digital computers, they have
continuous value. They are used to measure values that changes
from time to time. Examples of such measurements are
temperature, speed, weight etc. . They measure physical
quantities and convert them to numbers. Examples of analogue
devices are thermometer, speedometer, fuel gauge, electric
meters, petrol dispenser at petrol station and analogue ammeter.

They are mostly used in industrial operations.

 Hybrid Computers

The high speed of analogue machine is combined with the

flexibility of a digital machine. A hybrid computer is made up of

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digital and an analogue connect together in a system. Hybrid

computers are mostly used in scientific research and technical
application because they count and measure. They have both
ability to handle discrete and non-discrete data since the
properties of analogue and digital are combined in hybrid
computers.

PRESENTATION

I. Revision of the previous lesson and introduction of the

new lesson
II. The tutor explains the lesson to the students

EVALUATION

1. Mention the three types of Computers.

2. Write short notes on the three types of Computers.

WEEK FIVE

DATE: 22ND – 26TH MAY 2023

CLASS: JSS 1

SUBJECT: ICT

DURATION: 40 MINS

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LESSON TITLE: USES OF COMPUTER

CONTENT

USES OF COMPUTER

1. Computer can be used in computer schools,

hospitals, government offices.
2. Computers are used for organizing data management and
information.
3. It enhances the learning process with interactivity e.g
students’ compact disk.
4. It aids communication system through e-mail,
teleconferencing, telephone E-presence.
5. It is also used for word processing i.e. used to write letters,
memos and documents.
6. Computers are used for graphical presentation such as
production of all sorts of cards, letterheads calendars etc.
7. It is used for fun, excitement and relaxation
through computer games.
8. It helps to plan schedule and control people resources and
cost of project.

APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS

1. Computer in education: they are used as teaching aids in

CAL (Computer Aided Learning) or CAI(Computer Aided
Instruction).
2. Personnel administration: are required for the keeping of
comprehensive records on employees.
3. Computer in business: is used for planning and forecasting
using simulated scenarioss. For experience and solution.

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4. Medicine: used to check health parameters of patients.

5. Banking: helps to solve large amount of bank dealings and
operations.
6. Engineering: complex calculations and drawings are easily
tackled.
7. Recreational activities: used for playing games for
relaxation, fun and excitement.
8. Computer in art and music: the use of
AutoCAD(computer aided drawings; amateur and
professional musicians can compose or play and refine
existing musical composition on computer.

PRESENTATION

I. Revision of the previous lesson and introduction of the

new lesson
II. The tutor explains the lesson to the students

EVALUATION

1. Mention five uses of computer in the society.

2. State five application areas of computers.

ASSIGNMENT

1. List areas where computer is widely used

2. What is the use of computer in an airline

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WEEK SIX

DATE: 29TH MAY – 2ND JUNE 2023

CLASS: JSS 1

SUBJECT: ICT

DURATION: 40 MINS

LESSON TITLE: ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER

CONTENT

ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER

1. Computers are fast.

2. They have large storage facilities.
3. Computers are very accurate.
4. It performs more operations that can be effectively
performed manually.
5. Computer accommodates growth i.e enabling the
organisation to move forward and compete effectively with
other firms.
6. Provides immediate access to data i.e providing customers
and clients with immediate responses to inquire about
services rendered.
7. Assist with decision making i.e. delivering information n
timely manner.

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8. Computers are widely used for data processing because

they possess certain advantages over manual labour by
humans.
9. Computer can be used to process data at a faster speed.
10. Increased access to the information stored in the
resource centre.
11. Process data at an accurate rate.
12. It can be used to process a very large volume of
transaction no matter how complex it may appear.
13. Reliable in its work.
14. It has a large storage capacity
15. It provides a better job quality.
16. Increased efficiency – information stored on
a computer database can be used for different purposes.

DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER

1. Computer systems are very expensive and not everybody

could afford to buy one.
2. Computer is an electronic device that cannot think on its
own i.e. garbage in garbage out (GIGO).
3. It makes some professional jobless.
4. Misuse of computer information can be extended to
include computer crime
5. The uses of computer are limited to availability of electric
power
6. Computers can easily be attacked by virus.
7. The uses of computer are limited to professional or
educated users.
8. Unemployment

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Different tasks are performed automatically by using

computers. It reduces the need of people and increases
unemployment in society.
9. Wastage of Time and Energy
Many people use computers without positive purpose. They
play games and chat for a long period of time. It causes
wastage of time and energy. Young generation is now
spending more time on the social media websites like
Facebook, Twitter etc or texting their friends all night
through smartphones which is bad for both studies and
their health and it also has adverse effects on the social life.

10. Data Security

The data stored on a computer can be accessed by

unauthorized persons through networks. It has created
serious problems for the data security.

11. Computer Crimes

People use the computer for negative activities. They hack
the credit card numbers of the people and misuse them or
they can steal important data from big organizations.
12. Privacy Violation

The computers are used to store personal data of the people. The
privacy of a person can be violated if the personal and
confidential records are not protected properly.

Health Risks

The improper and prolonged use of computer can results in

injuries or disorders of hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, necks and

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backache . The users can avoid health risks by using

the computer in proper position. They must also take regular
breaks while using the computer for longer period of time. It is
recommended to take a couple of minutes break after 30 minutes
of computer usage.

PRESENTATION

I. Revision of the previous lesson and introduction of the

new lesson
II. The tutor explains the lesson to the students

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. Define data security

2. State the problems associated to data security.

ASSIGNMENT

1. Highlight the abuse of internet in your society

WEEK EIGHT

DATE: 5TH – 9TH MAY 2023

CLASS: JSS 1

SUBJECT: ICT

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DURATION: 40 MINS

LESSON TITLE: THE KEYBOARD

CONTENT

KEYBOARD

Keyboard is an electronic device with several groups of keys

electronically linked to the processor when attached to
a computer system. It is the common input device used for
entering data into the computer.

There are two main types keyboards used with micro – computer;
they are:

1. Standard keyboard
2. Enhanced keyboard

Features of Standard Keyboard

 It has ten functions keys. (F1 – F10)

 It has four arrow keys
 It has 84 – 89 keys

Features of Enhanced Keyboard

 It has 12 function keys ( F1 – F12)

 It has 8 arrow keys
 It has 101 – 105 keys

Types of Enhances Keyboard

1. Multimedia keyboard

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2. Programming keyboard
3. Cordless keyboard

Sections of the Keyboard

Keyboard is basically divided into five sections;

1. Alphanumeric keys: These are made up of alphabets and

numbers.
2. Function keys (F1 – F12)
3. Control keys: DEL, CTRL, esc and Alt
4. Cursor: Control the screen movement keys e. g. arrow,
home, end, page up etc.
5. Numeric keypad: It is arranged in a calculator type
structure.

Correct Sitting Position

 Make sure you have correct sitting posture to avoid back

ache, eye strain and aching hands
 Adjustable seat back.
 Room to move your legs,
 Screen at comfortable height.
 Use anti-glare protector.

Using the Keyboard to Type Names, Letter

Use of software tutor e.g Mavis beacon typing tutor

Attempt using your ten fingers to type

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