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Optimization Concepts and Applications in Engineering
Second Edition Ashok D. Belegundu Digital Instant
Download
Author(s): Ashok D. Belegundu, Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla
ISBN(s): 9780521878463, 0521878462
Edition: 2
File Details: PDF, 2.41 MB
Year: 2011
Language: english
 OPTIM IZATION CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
IN ENGINEERING
Second Edition

It is vitally important to meet or exceed previous quality and reliability standards while at the
same time reducing resource consumption. This textbook addresses this critical imperative
integrating theory, modeling, the development of numerical methods, and problem solving,
thus preparing the student to apply optimization to real-world problems. This text covers
a broad variety of optimization problems using the following: unconstrained, constrained,
gradient, and nongradient techniques; duality concepts; multiobjective optimization; linear,
integer, geometric, and dynamic programming with applications; and finite element-based
optimization. In this revised and enhanced second edition of Optimization Concepts and
Applications in Engineering, the already robust pedagogy has been enhanced with more
detailed explanations and an increased number of solved examples and end-of-chapter prob-
lems. The source codes are now available free on multiple platforms. It is ideal for advanced
undergraduate or graduate courses and for practicing engineers in all engineering disciplines,
as well as in applied mathematics.

Ashok D. Belegundu has been a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at The Pennsyl-

vania State University, University Park, since 1986. Prior to this, he taught at GMI, now
Kettering University, in Michigan. He received his B. Tech. degree from IIT Madras and
his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa. He has been a principal investigator on research
projects involving optimization for several agencies including the National Science Foun-
dation, Army Research Office, NASA, SERC (UK), MacNeal-Schwendler Corporation,
Gentex Corporation, and Ingersoll-Rand. He has organized two international confer-
ences on optimization in industry and has authored or edited four books and written
a chapter in a book. A detailed list of his publications and projects can be found at
http://www.mne.psu.edu/Directories/Faculty/Belegundu-A.html. He has advised more than
50 graduate students. He has given short courses on finite elements and optimization to
the Forging Industry Association, Hazleton Pumps, and Infosys (India). He has served as
an associate editor for AIAA Journal and for Mechanics Based Design of Structures and
Machines. He teaches a distance education course on optimal design through Penn State.

Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla has been a Professor and Founding Chair of Mechanical Engi-
neering at Rowan University since 1995. He started his career as a design engineer with
Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT), Bangalore. He then taught at IIT Bombay. Profes-
sor Chandrupatla also taught at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, and GMI Engi-
neering and Management Institute (now Kettering University), before joining Rowan. He
received the Lindback Distinguished Teaching Award at Rowan University in 2005. He
is also the author of Quality and Reliability in Engineering and two books on finite ele-
ment analysis. Professor Chandrupatla has broad research interests, which include design,
optimization, manufacturing engineering, finite element analysis, and quality and reliabil-
ity. He has published widely in these areas and serves as an industry consultant. Profes-
sor Chandrupatla is a registered Professional Engineer and also a Certified Manufacturing
Engineer. He is a member of ASEE, ASME, SAE, and SME. For further information, visit
http://users.rowan.edu/∼chandrupatla.
Optimization Concepts and Applications
in Engineering
Second Edition

Ashok D. Belegundu
The Pennsylvania State University

Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla
Rowan University
cambridge university press
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town,
Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City
Cambridge University Press
32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521878463


C Ashok D. Belegundu and Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla 1999, 2011

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception

and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published by Prentice Hall 1999

Second edition published 2011

Printed in the United States of America

A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data

Belegundu, Ashok D., 1956–
Optimization concepts and applications in engineering / Ashok D. Belegundu,
Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla. – 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-521-87846-3 (hardback)
1. Engineering – Mathematical models. 2. Engineering design – Mathematics.
3. Mathematical optimization. 4. Engineering models. I. Chandrupatla,
Tirupathi R., 1944– II. Title.
TA342.B45 2011
519.602 462–dc22 2010049376

ISBN 978-0-521-87846-3 Hardback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of

URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication
and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain,
accurate or appropriate.
To our families
 Contents

Preface page xi

1 Preliminary Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Historical Sketch 2
1.3 The Nonlinear Programming Problem 4
1.4 Optimization Problem Modeling 7
1.5 Graphical Solution of One- and Two-Variable Problems 19
1.6 Existence of a Minimum and a Maximum: Weierstrass Theorem 22
1.7 Quadratic Forms and Positive Definite Matrices 25
1.8 C n Continuity of a Function 26
1.9 Gradient Vector, Hessian Matrix, and Their Numerical
Evaluation Using Divided Differences 28
1.10 Taylor’s Theorem, Linear, and Quadratic Approximations 33
1.11 Miscellaneous Topics 36

2 One-Dimensional Unconstrained Minimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2.1 Introduction 46
2.2 Theory Related to Single Variable (Univariate) Minimization 46
2.3 Unimodality and Bracketing the Minimum 54
2.4 Fibonacci Method 55
2.5 Golden Section Method 63
2.6 Polynomial-Based Methods 67
2.7 Shubert–Piyavskii Method for Optimization of Non-unimodal
Functions 75
2.8 Using MATLAB 77
2.9 Zero of a Function 78
vii
viii Contents

3 Unconstrained Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.1 Introduction 89
3.2 Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Optimality 90
3.3 Convexity 94
3.4 Basic Concepts: Starting Design, Direction Vector, and
Step Size 96
3.5 The Steepest Descent Method 99
3.6 The Conjugate Gradient Method 106
3.7 Newton’s Method 112
3.8 Quasi-Newton Methods 116
3.9 Approximate Line Search 121
3.10 Using MATLAB 123

4 Linear Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

4.1 Introduction 131
4.2 Linear Programming Problem 131
4.3 Problem Illustrating Modeling, Solution, Solution
Interpretation, and Lagrange Multipliers 132
4.4 Problem Modeling 137
4.5 Geometric Concepts: Hyperplanes, Halfspaces, Polytopes,
Extreme Points 142
4.6 Standard form of an LP 144
4.7 The Simplex Method – Starting with LE (≤) Constraints 146
4.8 Treatment of GE and EQ Constraints 152
4.9 Revised Simplex Method 157
4.10 Duality in Linear Programming 161
4.11 The Dual Simplex Method 163
4.12 Sensitivity Analysis 166
4.13 Interior Approach 172
4.14 Quadratic Programming (QP) and the Linear
Complementary Problem (LCP) 176

5 Constrained Minimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

5.1 Introduction 189
5.2 Graphical Solution of Two-Variable Problems 192
5.3 Use of EXCEL SOLVER and MATLAB 193
5.4 Formulation of Problems in Standard NLP Form 195
5.5 Necessary Conditions for Optimality 197
5.6 Sufficient Conditions for Optimality 209
 Contents ix

5.7 Convexity 212

5.8 Sensitivity of Optimum Solution to Problem Parameters 214
5.9 Rosen’s Gradient Projection Method for Linear Constraints 216
5.10 Zoutendijk’s Method of Feasible Directions (Nonlinear
Constraints) 222
5.11 The Generalized Reduced Gradient Method (Nonlinear
Constraints) 232
5.12 Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) 241
5.13 Features and Capabilities of Methods Presented in this Chapter 247

6 Penalty Functions, Duality, and Geometric Programming . . . . . . . . . 261

6.1 Introduction 261
6.2 Exterior Penalty Functions 261
6.3 Interior Penalty Functions 267
6.4 Duality 269
6.5 The Augmented Lagrangian Method 276
6.6 Geometric Programming 281

7 Direct Search Methods for Nonlinear Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

7.1 Introduction 294
7.2 Cyclic Coordinate Search 294
7.3 Hooke and Jeeves Pattern Search Method 298
7.4 Rosenbrock’s Method 301
7.5 Powell’s Method of Conjugate Directions 304
7.6 Nelder and Mead Simplex Method 307
7.7 Simulated Annealing (SA) 314
7.8 Genetic Algorithm (GA) 318
7.9 Differential Evolution (DE) 324
7.10 Box’s Complex Method for Constrained Problems 325

8 Multiobjective Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

8.1 Introduction 338
8.2 Concept of Pareto Optimality 339
8.3 Generation of the Entire Pareto Curve 343
8.4 Methods to Identify a Single Best Compromise Solution 345

9 Integer and Discrete Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

9.1 Introduction 359
9.2 Zero–One Programming 361
9.3 Branch and Bound Algorithm for Mixed Integers (LP-Based) 368
x Contents

9.4 Gomory Cut Method 372

9.5 Farkas’ Method for Discrete Nonlinear Monotone
Structural Problems 377
9.6 Genetic Algorithm for Discrete Programming 380

10 Dynamic Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

10.1 Introduction 385
10.2 The Dynamic Programming Problem and Approach 387
10.3 Problem Modeling and Computer Implementation 392

11 Optimization Applications for Transportation, Assignment,

and Network Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
11.1 Introduction 400
11.2 Transportation Problem 400
11.3 Assignment Problems 408
11.4 Network Problems 413

12 Finite Element-Based Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

12.1 Introduction 424
12.2 Derivative Calculations 427
12.3 Sizing (i.e., Parameter) Optimization via Optimality
Criteria and Nonlinear Programming Methods 432
12.4 Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures 437
12.5 Shape Optimization 441
12.6 Optimization with Dynamic Response 449

Index 461
 Preface

This book is a revised and enhanced edition of the first edition. The authors have
identified a clear need for teaching engineering optimization in a manner that inte-
grates theory, algorithms, modeling, and hands-on experience based on their exten-
sive experience in teaching, research, and interactions with students. They have
strived to adhere to this pedagogy and reinforced it further in the second edition,
with more detailed explanations, an increased number of solved examples and end-
of-chapter problems, and source codes on multiple platforms.
The development of the software, which parallels the theory, has helped to
explain the implementation aspects in the text with greater insight and accuracy.
Students have integrated the optimization programs with simulation codes in their
theses. The programs can be tried out by researchers and practicing engineers as
well. Programs on the CD-ROM have been developed in Matlab, Excel VBA,
VBScript, and Fortran. A battery of methods is available for the user. This leads
to effective solution of problems since no single method can be successful on all
problems.
The book deals with a variety of optimization problems: unconstrained, con-
strained, gradient, and nongradient techniques; duality concepts; multiobjective
optimization; linear, integer, geometric, and dynamic programming with applica-
tions; and finite element–based optimization. Matlab graphics and optimization
toolbox routines and the Excel Solver optimizer are presented in detail. Through
solved examples, problem-solving strategies are presented for handling problems
where the number of variables depends on the number of discretization points in a
mesh and for handling time-dependent constraints. Chapter 8 deals exclusively with
treatment of the objective function itself as opposed to methods for minimizing it.
This book can be used in courses at the graduate or senior-undergraduate level
and as a learning resource for practicing engineers. Specifically, the text can be used

xi
xii Preface

in courses on engineering optimization, design optimization, structural optimiza-

tion, and nonlinear programming. The book may be used in mechanical, aerospace,
civil, industrial, architectural, chemical, and electrical engineering, as well as in
applied mathematics. In deciding which chapters are to be covered in a course, the
instructor may note the following. Chapters 1, 2, 3.1–3.5, and 8 are fundamental.
Chapters 4, 9, and 11 focus on linear problems, whereas Chapters 5–7 focus on non-
linear problems. Even if the focus is on nonlinear problems, Sections 4.1–4.6 present
important concepts related to constraints. Chapters 10 and 12 are specialized top-
ics. Thus, for instance, a course on structural optimization (i.e., finite element-based
optimization) may cover Chapters 1–2, 3.1–3.5, 4.1–4.6, 5, 6, 7.7–7.10, 8, and 12.
We are grateful to the students at our respective institutions for motivating us
to develop this book. It has been a pleasure working with our editor, Peter Gordon.
OPTIM IZATION CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
IN ENGINEERING
Second Edition
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 “A Rodomont to the rescue!” roared Bittern. “Where is Don Philip?
Heaven be praised, we are not too late!” he exclaimed, perceiving
the Prince, who by this time had regained his feet. “Down with your
swords, villains!” he added to the ruffians. “Down with them
instantly, or we will hack you to minced-meat.”
“Know you whom you aid?” cried one of the men, regarding him
fiercely. “It is the Prince of Spain—the arch-foe of England. But for
this foolish damsel we had already destroyed him!”
“Soh! you unblushingly confess your villany?” rejoined Rodomont.
“A precious rascal, truly!”
“Ay, and I should have exulted in the deed, if I had accomplished
it,” retorted the man. “A day will come when you will regret this
interference. Think not to detain me.”
“Stay him! kill him! suffer him not to escape!” shouted Rodomont
to his companions.
But, in spite of the many weapons directed against him, the man
fought his way desperately towards the passage, and was close
upon it, when a cut on the head staggered him, and he was
captured and disarmed. He was followed by his two comrades, both
of whom were more successful than himself, and effected a retreat.
The ruffian who had been engaged with Osbert likewise escaped,
having broken away amid the confusion caused by the arrival of
Rodomont and his party. Some pursuit was made after the
miscreants, but it was ineffectual.
No sooner was Philip freed from his assailants, than he turned to
express his gratitude to Constance.
“I owe my life to you,” he said; “nay, more, you have risked your
own life to preserve mine. How can I requite you?”
“By forgetting that you have ever beheld me,” she replied.
“That were impossible,” he rejoined. “Ask something that I can
perform.”
“I desire nothing,” she returned; “and, indeed, I do not merit your
gratitude. It is the hand of Heaven that has guarded your Highness,
not mine—guarded you for the Queen, to whom your safety is
dearer than her own life, and who might not have survived your
loss. I must now retire for a short space, to compose myself ere I
return home. Once more, I implore you to forget me. Farewell for
ever!”
And without another word, and in spite of Philip’s appealing looks,
she entered the hospital with Dorcas.
“It would be well if I could forget her,” thought Philip, as
Constance disappeared; “but that is beyond my power. I could not
tear her from my heart without a pang greater than I could endure.
Yet it would be a crime to trouble the peace of one so pure and
holy-minded. No matter! I should be wretched without her. Come
what will, we must meet again.”
 CHAPTER IX.
DERRICK CARVER.

rom these thoughts he was recalled to what was going on

by Rodomont, who called out, “Here is one of the
murtherous villains who attacked your Highness. Will it
please you to question him?”
Philip turned at the words, and by the light of the torches which
were held towards him, was enabled to examine the captive. The
man, whose hands were tied behind his back by a belt, was of
middle height, and rather powerful frame, and seemed to be
decently attired; but his garments were sullied with blood, which
flowed from several bodily wounds, as well as from a deep gash
across the temple. His head was uncovered, and his matted black
locks were dabbled in gore. His features, which were strongly
marked, and remarkably stern in expression, were of a ghastly hue;
but notwithstanding the smarting of his wounds and evident
faintness from loss of blood, his looks were resolute and his black
eyes blazed fiercely. He did not quail in the least before the
searching and terrible glance fixed upon him by the Prince.
 “Do any of you know this man?” demanded Philip, after regarding
him stedfastly for a short space.
“By the body of Saint Alphonso, which reposes at Zamora! I
should blush to avow myself acquainted with the felon hound,”
rejoined Rodomont. “But luckily I have never seen him before; and
everyone else appears to be in the same predicament. How art thou
called, fellow? Speak out, or the thumb-screw shall force the truth
from thee.”
“Torture would not make me speak,” replied the man, firmly. “But I
have no desire to conceal my name. It will profit you little to know it.
I am called Derrick Carver, and I am of Brightelmstone, in Sussex.”
“Derrick, thou art most appropriately named Carver,” rejoined
Rodomont; “but instead of carving his Highness, as was thine
atrocious design, thou shalt thyself be carved by the knife of the
executioner.”
“By whom wert thou instigated to this attempt?” demanded Philip.
“Some greater hand than thine own is manifest in the design.”
“A far greater hand,” rejoined Derrick Carver. “The hand of Heaven
is manifest in it.”
“Deceive not thyself, insensate villain,” rejoined Rodomont. “’Tis
the Prince of Darkness who hath inspired the black design. He has
deserted thee, as he deserts all his servants.”
“I am no bond slave of Satan, but a faithful servant of the Most
High,” said Carver. “It was Heaven’s wish that I should fail; but
though my sword has been turned aside, there are others left that
shall find the tyrant out.”
“There is clearly some conspiracy on foot,” said Osbert, who by
this time had joined the Prince. “I have my own suspicions at its
author, which I will presently communicate to your Highness. But
that these are hired assassins is certain. By their own showing, they
were to have a hundred rose-nobles each for the deed.”
“Said I not right that Beelzebub was at the bottom of it?” cried
Rodomont. “A hundred rose-nobles! Is that the sum for which thou
hast bartered thy soul, thou damnable Derrick? Wert thou to be paid
in French coin—ha! Carver?”
 “Your suspicions tend the same way as mine own, I perceive, Sir,”
observed Osbert.
“Mine tend towards the French Ambassador, M. de Noailles,”
rejoined Rodomont. “I speak it openly. I’ll be sworn this attempt is
his excellency’s contrivance.”
“Like enough,” said Philip. “But the truth must be wrung from that
villain’s lips.”
“Nothing can be extorted from me, seeing I have nothing to
confess,” rejoined Derrick Carver, boldly. “I cannot answer for the
motives that actuated those engaged with me, but my own were
righteous in intent. I meant to free the Protestant Church from its
deadliest enemy, and my country from subjection to Spain. I have
failed; but, I say again, others will not fail, for there are many to
take my place. The blood of the saints will not be shed in vain, but
will cry out incessantly for vengeance.”
“Peace, blasphemer!” exclaimed Rodomont, “or we will have thy
tongue plucked forth.”
“Hear me out, and then deal with me as you list,” said Derrick
Carver. “I am no hired assassin. Scarce half an hour ago I was
lamenting the perilous condition of the Church and the realm, when
I heard that the enemy of both was in Southampton, almost
unattended. Those who told me this designed to slay him, and I
unhesitatingly joined them, without fee or promise of reward, being
moved thereto, as I deemed, by a divine impulse. That is all I have
to say.”
“Let him be kept in some place of security till he can be further
interrogated,” said the Prince. “And let the clothes of the villain who
fell by my hand be searched to see whether there are any papers
about him that may lead to the discovery of his employer.”
“It shall be done,” replied Rodomont. “As to this Derrick Carver, he
shall be clapped in the dungeon below the Bar-gate, the strongest
prison in Southampton, and if we have to put him to the question,
ordinary and extraordinary, we will have the truth from him. But your
Highness may take my word for it, ’tis a French design.”
“I thank you for your zeal, good Master Bittern,” said Philip, “and
in consideration of the services you have rendered me, I am content
to overlook the freedom of speech in which you indulged a little
while since. But I must enjoin you to be more careful in future.”
“I shall not fail,” replied Rodomont, bowing respectfully. “My
excuse is, that I knew not whom I was addressing. Your Highness
may ever count on my loyalty and devotion,” he added, placing his
hand upon his heart.
At this juncture the priest, who had officiated in the little chapel of
the Domus Dei during Philip’s visit to it, entered the court with his
assistants, and after inclining himself reverently before the Prince,
proceeded to congratulate him on his miraculous preservation.
Replying in suitable terms, Philip declared he was so fully
convinced of Heaven’s interposition in his behalf, that he desired at
once to offer up thanks for his providential deliverance, and prayed
the holy father to accompany him to the chapel for that purpose.
The priest readily assented, and led the way to the sacred edifice,
into which, after a brief delay, Philip, with Osbert and the rest of the
assemblage, including even Derrick Carver, were admitted.
Again the tapers were lighted at the altar, and again the Prince
knelt down before it; but this time there was no fair devotee beside
him to distract his thoughts, and his prayers were full of fervour and
gratitude.
It was a strange and solemn scene, and impressed even
Rodomont and his companions, whom recent events had served to
sober.
The demeanour of Derrick Carver was stern and unmoved; but
when the priest uttered a heartfelt prayer for the Prince’s
deliverance, he could not repress a groan. As Osbert looked round at
this moment, he fancied he could discern, within the deep recess of
the doorway, the figure of Constance Tyrrell. If it were so, however,
she had vanished before the others quitted the chapel.
His devotions over, Philip arose, and in taking leave of the priest,
promised the holy man an offering to Saint Julian, the patron saint
of the chapel. He then bowed to the others, and declining further
attendance, passed forth with Osbert, and proceeding to the quay,
entered the boat which was waiting for him, and returned to the
“Santissima Trinidada.”
 At the same time Derrick Carver was conveyed by Rodomont and
the others to the Bar-gate, and locked up in one of the gloomiest
cells of its subterranean dungeon.
 CHAPTER X.
THE MEETING AT THE GUILDHALL.

o suspicion whatever had been entertained of the Prince’s

absence from the ship. He was supposed to be alone in the
state-cabin, where, as we know, the Count D’Egmont had
been left as his representative, and, after the strict orders
given to that effect, the Count remained entirely undisturbed. As
time wore on, and midnight drew near, D’Egmont began to feel
uneasy, and it was a relief to him when, shortly afterwards, the
Prince appeared with Osbert.
“I fear you must be fatigued with waiting for me, Count,” said
Philip, as soon as the usher had retired. “I have stayed longer on
shore than I intended.”
“I trust your Highness has been amused,” observed D’Egmont,
assisting the Prince to take off his mantle. “Heavens! what do I
see?” he exclaimed. “The cloak is cut in pieces.”
“Not unlikely,” replied Philip, laughing. “It has warded off more
than one deadly thrust. Your cloak has done me good service,
Count. Without it, Queen Mary might have wanted a husband, and
the Emperor an heir to his dominions.”
 “Your Highness has acted rashly and unwisely in thus exposing
yourself,” cried D’Egmont. “Recollect how much hangs upon your life.
The destinies of the world would be changed if aught befel you. The
saints have guarded you at this moment of peril, and will continue to
guard you, but it is tempting Heaven to jeopardise your safety
unnecessarily.”
“You assume that I have acted rashly, D’Egmont,” rejoined Philip,
“but I did not provoke the conflict. Set upon by assassins, I was
compelled to defend my life. Thanks to your cloak and to my own
right hand, I have come off without a scratch.”
“I do not presume to ask for particulars,” said the Count. “But I
trust you have not been recognised. If so, your secret visit to the
town will be known to all within it to-morrow, and will assuredly be
reported to the Queen.”
“I have thought of that,” rejoined the Prince. “Precautions must be
taken lest any idle tale be told her Majesty. No tidings of the
occurrence can reach her to-night, and at daybreak you shall convey
a letter to her, wherein I will inform her that I landed privily with the
design of hastening to Winchester to throw myself at her feet, when
my purpose was prevented by this untoward circumstance. Osbert
Clinton shall accompany you. Having been with me at the time of
the attack, he will be able to answer any questions the Queen may
put to him relative to it.”
“Your Highness will be pleased to give me my lesson previously,”
remarked Osbert. “I presume I must say nothing of Constance
Tyrrell?”
“Nothing but what will recommend her to the Queen,” rejoined
Philip. “Her Majesty will be pleased to learn that the damsel
preserved my life by stepping between me and the weapons of the
assassins.”
“And did she so?” inquired D’Egmont.
“Ay, in good sooth,” returned Philip; “and it was worth the risk I
ran to be so protected. Constance Tyrrell is the fairest creature my
eyes ever lighted on. Her charms have completely enthralled me.”
“Then let me counsel your Highness to shake off the fascination as
speedily as possible,” said D’Egmont, gravely. “It was an unlucky
chance that threw the temptress in your way at this juncture.”
“Lucky or not, I shall not relinquish her,” rejoined Philip. “Were you
to preach to me as energetically as Father de Castro, you would
produce no effect, so you may spare your breath. And now to
prepare the letter to the Queen.”
So saying, he withdrew into an inner chamber, from which he
presently emerged with the letter, sealed with a broad seal, and tied
with a silken thread.
“This for her Majesty’s own hands,” he observed, with a smile,
while delivering it to D’Egmont. “Be it your business to obtain an
audience before any messenger from Southampton can reach her. All
will then go well. As you serve me discreetly,” he added, significantly
to Osbert, “so shall you prosper.”
With this he dismissed them, and summoning his groom of the
chamber, prepared to retire to rest.
In obedience to the Prince’s commands, Count D’Egmont,
accompanied by Osbert and a small train of attendants, went ashore
at an early hour in the morning, and as soon as horses could be
procured, started for Winchester.
A glorious day dawned upon Southampton. A morning gun, fired
from the batteries of the castle, awoke the slumbering town into
sudden animation, while another gun from the English admiral’s ship
had a similar effect upon the crews of the combined fleets studding
the smooth waters. Men could be seen on the decks, or amidst the
rigging, actively employed in decorating the vessels with banners
and streamers. Hundreds of boats came ashore to obtain fresh
meat, bread, fruit, vegetables, and milk; and the quays, which were
speedily thronged, became a perfect Babel. Horses and mules,
bearing heavy panniers, laden with provisions, crossed the
drawbridges, and were soon sent back for fresh stores, the supply
being far from equal to the demand.
In the town all was bustle and excitement. The church bells began
to peal joyously, and the streets were soon thronged with townsfolk,
clad in holiday attire. But there was considerable misgiving amongst
those who were aware of the occurrence of the previous night. At an
early hour the mayor and aldermen repaired to the Guildhall, which,
as we have previously mentioned, occupied the interior of the Bar-
gate, and here they found the Earl of Arundel, Lord Steward of the
Queen’s Household, the Marquis of Winchester, Lord High Treasurer,
and other noblemen, who had met to investigate the attempt upon
the Prince’s life, and to consider the measures necessary to be
adopted to ensure his Highness’s safety on his disembarkation.
Nothing, it appeared on inquiry, had been found upon Derrick
Carver; but on the body of the man slain by Philip, a letter, written in
the French language, was discovered, which, though very cautiously
worded, bore evident reference to the dark transaction. The plan, no
doubt, had been precipitated by the recognition of the Prince during
his secret visit to the town. Diligent, but hitherto fruitless, search
had been made for the four other ruffians engaged in the attack.
These daring miscreants being yet at large, it was possible some
further attempt might be made, and no precaution, said the Earl of
Arundel, who presided over the meeting, must be neglected to
ensure the Prince’s safety. The guard must be doubled, and persons
of assured loyalty must be placed near his person, while the slightest
attempt at outbreak or commotion must be instantly repressed.
“It would have been a lasting disgrace to the country,” continued
the Earl, “if the Prince whom our Queen has chosen as her spouse,
and whom we are all bound to love, honour, and defend, had been
basely assassinated on setting foot on our shores, and we may be
thankful that we have been spared that foul reproach—thankful,
also, that the design was not conceived by an Englishman. But for
the present, for reasons which will be apparent to you all, a veil
must be thrown over the mysterious occurrence. Out of these walls
none of you will speak of it. The preservation of public tranquility
necessitates this caution. Some rumours of the attempt may be
bruited abroad, but it will be best to discredit them. Doubtless the
Prince desires to keep his nocturnal visit to the town secret. Nothing,
therefore, must be publicly said of it. This you will carefully observe.
Bear in mind, also, that you will have many Spaniards in your town
to-day. They are a fiery nation, easily roused to anger, and if this
unlucky affair be talked about, they may resent it, and quarrels and
bloodshed will ensue. It is the Queen’s desire that all who come with
her destined consort be cordially welcomed. As loyal subjects, I am
sure you will carry out her wishes.”
The mayor and the town authorities having promised compliance
with his lordship’s instructions, the meeting broke up.
Before leaving the Bar-gate, however, the Earl of Arundel desired
to see the prisoner. Accordingly, he was conducted by the mayor to
the subterranean dungeon, where, in a dark and noisome cell, the
floor of which was humid with the drippings from the stone walls,
they found the miserable wretch stretched upon a few trusses of
straw. His wounds had been bound up, but little beyond had been
done for his comfort. Pained by the light of the lamp flashed upon
him by the officer in attendance on the visitors, he tried to turn
aside his head, but ineffectually.
“Raise him, that I may look at him,” said the Earl of Arundel to the
officer.
The execution of the order gave the poor wretch so much pain
that he could not repress a groan. But though he was suffering
excruciating agony, his courage did not desert him, and his answers
to the interrogations put to him showed unfaltering resolution.
Threats of torture could wring nothing from him, and he sternly
refused to betray his accomplices.
“I gave no orders to have his wounds dressed,” said the mayor.
“By whom hath he been tended, Piers?”
“By Master Malwood, the chirurgeon,” replied the officer.
“I thank him not for his care,” said the prisoner. “Had he let me
be, I had ere this escaped man’s malice.”
“He speaks the truth, an please your worship,” observed Piers.
“Master Malwood declared, that if left to himself, the poor wretch
would die before the morning.”
“But who sent for Master Malwood, answer me that, Sirrah?”
demanded the mayor.
“Nay, I am not to blame, your worship,” rejoined Piers, humbly.
“The chirurgeon was sent by Mistress Constance Tyrrell, at her
proper charge.”
“This is the second ill turn she hath done me,” said Derrick Carver.
“But for her, the idolatrous tyrant had not escaped me, and now she
preserves me for a lingering death.”
“Thou art like the wild beast, who would tear the hand put forth to
succour him,” cried the mayor, in disgust. “Will it please your good
lordship to question him further?”
“Not now,” returned the Earl of Arundel. “Who is this Mistress
Constance Tyrrell of whom he has just spoken?”
“The daughter of one of our wealthiest merchants,” replied the
mayor. “A very pious damsel, and ever engaged in acts of charity.”
“Is she a heretic?” demanded the Earl.
“Not so, my lord; she is a most zealous Catholic, and it is most like
she will enter a nunnery,” replied the mayor.
“Accursed be she, then!” cried Derrick Carver. “Had I known this, I
would have resisted the chirurgeon.”
“Let us hence, my good lord,” cried the mayor. “If he continues
these blasphemies, we shall have the walls fall upon us and crush
us.”
“Before your worship goes, I would fain know whether I may
admit Mistress Constance Tyrrell to the prisoner,” said Piers. “She
hath asked to see him, but I would not grant the request till I had
your worship’s sanction.”
“Let her not come near me,” cried Derrick Carver. “Her presence
will trouble me.”
“For that very reason she shall have admittance to thee,” rejoined
the mayor. “She hath helped to cure thy body—may she now help to
save thy soul!”
“I need not her aid,” rejoined Derrick Carver. “She hath more need
of my teaching than I have of hers.”
“If I thought thou wouldst taint her with thy heresies, I would
keep her from thee,” said the mayor. “But I have no such fear. Admit
her when she will, Piers.”
And he quitted the cell with the Earl.
 CHAPTER XI.
OF PHILIP’S PUBLIC DISEMBARKATION AT SOUTHAMPTON.

efore noon the preparations for the Prince’s reception were

complete. All the houses in High-street had been hung with
carpets and costly stuffs, and otherwise decorated. From
the Water-gate to the porch of Holyrood Church, where
high mass was to be performed for the Prince, the street was kept
clear by archers and arquebusiers fully equipped, and drawn up on
either side, their steel caps and breastplates glittering in the brilliant
sunshine.
By-and-by a grand cavalcade of richly-apparelled nobles, well
mounted, and followed by long trains of esquires and pages wearing
their liveries, rode towards the quay. Noticeable amongst these were
the Earls of Shrewsbury, Derby, and Sussex, but the personage who
attracted most attention was the Duke of Norfolk.
This venerable peer, whose long confinement in the Tower,
commencing at the latter part of the reign of Henry VIII., and
extending throughout that of his son, Edward VI., had neither
broken his spirit nor impaired his bodily vigour, rode a high-spirited
charger, which he managed with all the address and grace of a
youthful cavalier. Norfolk’s attire was of almost regal magnificence,
being of purple velvet, edged with miniver, and richly embroidered,
and his charger was trapped in cloth of gold, of red and yellow
sheen. Behind him rode eighteen pages, each mounted on a
handsome courser, and each clad in cloth of gold.
After the Duke of Norfolk and his attendants had ridden by, six
mounted trumpeters, with the royal badge on their scarlet surcoats,
came on, and made the welkin ring with the din of their silver
clarions. After the trumpeters walked a troop of lacqueys,
sumptuously attired in silk and velvet. Then came other nobles and
gentlemen of the train, all superbly mounted, and vying with each
other in the splendour of their apparel, and the number of their
pages and esquires.
Next came a band of minstrels playing upon tambours and rebecs.
Then more lacqueys in the royal liveries, and after them Sir Edward
Hastings, Master of the Horse, who was followed by two grooms
leading a Spanish jennet, caparisoned in cloth of silver, the bridal,
poitral, and saddle being studded with silver roses. This beautiful
animal had been sent by the Queen for her intended consort.
Next came Sir Robert Rochester, Comptroller, and after him rode
the Marquis of Winchester and the Earl of Arundel. Each of these
noblemen was magnificently attired, and followed by a long train of
attendants. Then came a mounted guard, preceding the town
authorities, who marched two abreast, this part of the procession
being closed by the mayor on horseback.
Passing through the Water-gate, on the summit of which the royal
standard now floated, the whole of the splendid cavalcade crossed
the drawbridge, and proceeded to that part of the quay where it was
intended the disembarkation should take place. A vast concourse
had here assembled, but a wide space near the water was kept clear
by the guard, and within this the procession drew up.
It was now high tide, and close to the strand lay the Queen’s
barge, gorgeously decorated, and having a broad banner
embroidered with the arms of England on the stern.
The Earl of Arundel with the Duke of Norfolk, the Marquis of
Winchester, and the principal nobles, having dismounted, entered
this barque, and were immediately rowed by two banks of oarsmen
to the Prince’s ship. In front of the royal barge stood six trumpeters.
Four other gilded barges followed. The course of these gorgeous
barques was watched with momently-increasing interest by the
thousands of spectators on the quays, on the town walls, and on
other points of observation.
With her decks crowded with arquebusiers in their full
accoutrements, and banners floating from her turrets, the
“Santissima Trinidada” made a most gallant show, exciting the
wonder and admiration of all who gazed upon her. Her companions
on the right and left were likewise splendidly decorated, and, indeed,
every vessel within sight fluttered with banners and streamers.
As the royal barge approached the Prince’s ship, loud fanfares
were sounded by the trumpeters, and immediately several officials in
rich habiliments, and bearing white wands, appeared at the head of
the stairs. On gaining the deck, the Earl of Arundel and the other
nobles were conducted with the utmost ceremony to Philip, whom
they found surrounded by the Dukes of Alva and Medina Celi, Don
Ruy Gomez, and the rest of the grandees composing the Prince’s
suite.
On this occasion Philip had laid aside his customary black
habiliments, and wore a doublet and hose of crimson silk, with a
robe of cloth of gold. His boots were decked with golden strings, and
bordered with pearls. All the grandees forming his entourage were
dressed with extraordinary magnificence, and made a most splendid
display.
Philip received the English nobles with the greatest courtesy, and
being informed that the Earl of Arundel was the bearer to him, from
her Majesty, of the insignia of the most noble Order of the Garter, he
immediately bowed his head, and while the collar was passed over
his neck by the Earl, the Duke of Norfolk buckled on the garter.
When this ceremony had been performed, and an interchange of
formal salutations had taken place between the English nobles and
the Spanish grandees, the Prince was conducted to the royal barge,
the English nobles entering it with him. The Spanish grandees, with
various officials, gentlemen, and pages, in attendance upon the
Prince, went ashore in the other boats.
 On the part of the quay reserved for the disembarkation, a rich
Turkey carpet had been laid, and upon this stood four henchmen in
parti-coloured attire of crimson velvet and yellow silk, sustaining an
embroidered canopy of red damask, fringed with golden thread. The
pages, esquires, and other officials having first landed, the royal
barge was brought close to the strand, and a railed plank, covered
with striped cloth, being laid upon it, offered an easy passage to the
Prince, whose deportment as he slowly traversed it, was singularly
haughty and majestic.
On the instant that Philip stepped ashore a royal salute was fired
from the castle batteries, the roar being prolonged by every gun in
the English fleet. At the same time vociferous acclamations arose
from the spectators.
“Heaven save your Highness!—welcome to England!” exclaimed a
voice from amidst a group near the canopy.
The voice sounded familiar to Philip, and glancing in the direction
of the speaker, he recognised Rodomont Bittern, who, with his
friends, had managed to obtain a position with the mayor and the
town authorities. Rodomont’s exclamation, uttered in a loud voice,
and with unmistakable heartiness, found many an echo. Pleased by
the cordiality of the welcome, Philip bowed graciously around, and in
so doing addressed a slight smile of recognition to Rodomont.
A brief pause now ensued, but as soon as the grandees had
landed, and ranged themselves behind him, Philip drew his sword,
holding it aloft till he got beneath the canopy, when he again stood
still, and returned the blade to the scabbard. This action surprised all
the lookers-on, and gave rise to many comments.
“By Saint Jude! a strange proceeding!” observed Jack Holiday to
his companions. “Are we to understand that the Prince intends to
rule England with the sword?”
“By the mass! it looks like it,” rejoined Simnel.
“Tut! you are wrong in your surmise,” cried Rodomont. “His
Highness draws the sword in the defence of our country. That I take
to be the meaning of the act.”
Attended by the aldermen, the mayor now advanced towards the
Prince, and reverentially presented him with the keys of the town,
laid upon a velvet cushion.
Philip did not take the keys, but graciously bidding the mayor
arise, said in clear and distinct accents, “I thank you, Sir, and I thank
all those with you for this welcome. You know what has brought me
here. I come not in search of men or treasure, having sufficient of
both in the country I have left. As the chosen husband of your wise
and virtuous Queen, I come to dwell among you, not as a foreigner,
but as a native Englishman. To you, my good lords,” he added to the
English nobles, who were ranged on either side of the canopy, “I am
much beholden for the assurances of loyalty and devotion which you
have already proffered me, and I here publicly declare that you, and
all her Majesty’s faithful subjects, shall ever find me anxious to
promote the welfare of the kingdom, to observe its laws, conform to
its customs, and defend it against all enemies.”
Then, turning to the Spanish grandees, who were standing behind
him, he said, “My lords, you all, I am well assured, share the
gratification I experience at the very friendly reception that has been
given me. Hitherto, you have been strangers to the people of
England, but this must be so no longer. Spaniards and Englishmen
must henceforth be brethren, bound together by ties of strictest
amity. It shall be my aim to encourage and maintain a good
understanding between the two nations, and, seconded by you, and
by these noble English lords, I cannot fail in my design.”
“We are ready to obey your Highness in all things,” said the Duke
of Alva, with a haughty inclination of his head, while the other
grandees made similar professions.
“He may talk till he is tired,” muttered the Lord Admiral. “There
will be no cordial understanding between us.”
This opinion was shared by several others. Indeed, the English
nobles were deterred by the arrogance of the Spanish grandees from
making advances towards them.
“It is my wish to observe all good old English customs,” pursued
the Prince. “If I unintentionally neglect any of them, I hope to be
made aware of the omission. I would fain drink a health to all
present.”
“A cup of wine for his Highness!” cried the Earl of Arundel.
 “Nay, my good lord, let me have a flagon of English ale,” said the
Prince. “I should prefer your national beverage.”
“As your Highness pleases,” rejoined Arundel, bowing. “A flagon of
ale on the instant.”
The Prince’s choice caused considerable merriment, and warmed
many a heart towards him.
“A cup of ale!” exclaimed Simnel. “This is carrying complaisance to
the highest point.”
“His Highness is resolved to become an Englishman, that I can
plainly perceive,” observed Rodomont, “and takes what he conceives
to be the shortest way to his object. Heaven bless him! he is a most
gracious Prince.”
At this juncture, a silver flagon, filled with ale, was brought on a
salver, and presented by the Earl of Arundel to the Prince, who,
taking the cup, bowed graciously around.
“His Highness drinks to you all, good Sirs!” cried the Earl of
Arundel, in a loud voice.
“To all, of whatever degree!” said the Prince, raising the goblet to
his lips.
Most opportunely, at the moment, another discharge was fired
from the castle guns, followed by a loud flourish of trumpets and
drums. From the shouts that were also raised, it was evident that
the Prince was rising rapidly in popular favour.
“How does your Highness like the beverage?” inquired the Earl of
Arundel, as he took back the goblet.
“It will improve upon acquaintance, I make no doubt,” replied
Philip. “At present, I find it somewhat too potent.”
“A strong head is needed to stand it,” observed the Lord Admiral,
with an ill-disguised sneer.
After this, Philip remained for some little time beneath the canopy,
conversing with the English nobles, and evidently striving to
propitiate them, and he appeared to be successful in his efforts. He
showed himself extremely easy of access, and amongst other
persons presented to him was Rodomont Bittern.
“This is not the first time we have met, Sir,” observed Philip, to the
surprise of most who heard him.
 “Since your Highness deigns to recollect the circumstance, be
assured I shall never forget it,” replied Rodomont.
“Nay, you have rendered me a great service,” said the Prince, “and
it shall not pass unrequited. Is Master Tyrrell here?”
“Ay, your Highness,” replied Rodomont. “He is yonder, with the
town-council.”
“Let him come forward. I would speak with him,” said Philip.
Accordingly, the worthy merchant, much to his dismay, was
brought before the Prince. He was so confused that he would have
neglected the necessary obeisance, if he had not been prompted by
Rodomont, who, indeed, half forced him to incline his person.
“I am glad to see you again, good Master Tyrrell,” said Philip,
smiling, “and have to thank you for your hospitable intentions
towards me last night.”
“Your Highness will forgive me. I knew not whom I was
addressing,” stammered Tyrrell. “It is true that I subsequently learnt
from my daughter——”
“That she had rendered me a most signal service, which I trust
adequately to requite,” interrupted the Prince. “No more of that now,
Sir. But rest assured that her Majesty will not be less grateful than
myself to fair Mistress Constance.”
“I am not quite so sure of that,” thought Rodomont.
With further assurances of his consideration, the Prince then
dismissed Master Tyrrell, who retired with Rodomont, both being
charmed with his Highness’s affability.
Though the foregoing conversation was not altogether intelligible
to the Spanish grandees, it caused them great surprise, and even
disquietude.
“As I live, his Highness seems to know these people,” observed
Alva to the Duke of Medina Celi. “Where can he have met them?”
“I am as much in the dark as yourself,” replied the other. “But, in
my opinion, he must have gone ashore secretly last night.”
“By my faith! you are right,” rejoined Alva, bending his heavy
brows. “Some idle affair of gallantry, I’ll be sworn. He is ever
engaged in such adventures. I must inquire into the matter, and take
him to task for his imprudence.”
 The English nobles, who were somewhat better acquainted than
the Spaniards with the Prince’s proceedings, laughed amongst
themselves at what was passing.
Influenced by their royal master’s deportment, the Spanish
grandees showed a disposition to relax from their stiffness and
hauteur, and ere long engaged in friendly discourse with the English
nobles, though their manner still continued grave and formal.
Meantime, another boat had come ashore, bringing the Bishop of
Cuença, and Father Alfonso de Castro, the Prince’s confessor. On
landing, these ecclesiastics immediately knelt down and recited a
prayer, and as he arose, the bishop pronounced a solemn
benediction on the assemblage.
Several other boats followed, filled with Spanish arquebusiers,
who, being very fine-looking men and splendidly accoutred, excited
much curiosity as they ranged themselves on the platform. The
object of this guard was made speedily apparent by the arrival of
some thirty large coffers, each enveloped in a cover bearing the
Prince’s escutcheon. These coffers, supposed to contain gold in
bullion, were subsequently conveyed to the castle under the guard
of the arquebusiers. Many speculations were indulged in as to how
this treasure was to be employed—the general impression being,
that it would be used in bribing certain of the council and of the
nobility.
As soon as the treasure was landed, the Prince mounted his
jennet, the Master of the Horse holding the stirrup, and the cortége
returned to the town. Richly-caparisoned chargers were brought for
the Spanish grandees who rode behind the Prince, while the English
nobles preceded him.
 CHAPTER XII.
HOW THE PRINCE HEARD HIGH MASS IN HOLYROOD CHURCH;
AND HOW HE ONCE MORE BEHELD SIR BEVIS AND HIS
COMPANIONS.

mid the thunder of cannon, the ringing of bells, the beating

of drums, the braying of trumpets, the clash of cymbals,
the waving of scarves and kerchiefs, accompanied by
joyous acclamations, Philip entered Southampton by the
Water-gate.
Bending lowly in return for the clamorous welcome given him by
the occupants of the gallery adjoining the gate, the Prince continued
to bow gracefully right and left as he rode slowly up the street. Philip
was never seen to greater advantage than on horse-back, and his
stately figure now commanded universal admiration. As he went on,
he descried many a comely damsel at the windows, but she he most
desired to behold was not visible.
Passing through the triumphal arch reared across the streets,
which, now that it was completed, had a charming effect, he
dismounted at the Gothic porch of Holyrood Church, near which the
English nobles were ranged to receive him.
Internally, the church presented an imposing appearance, being
richly decorated for the occasion. The aisles were densely crowded,
but the broad nave was kept clear, and along it a crimson cloth was
stretched. The pillars were also covered with embroidered cloths,
and ornamented with paintings. Superb vessels of gold and silver,
chalices, reliquaries and pixes, decked the altar, above which stood
an image of the Virgin, then but newly set up. Large tapers burnt on
either side. Priests and deacons in their stoles, with white-robed
choristers and incense-bearers, filled the chantry.
As Philip, preceded by the Bishop of Cuença and Father de Castro,
and followed by a splendid train of English and Spanish nobles,
marched along the nave, the priests advanced to meet him, while
the air was filled with fragrance. At the same time the roof
resounded with jubilant symphonies. A large velvet cushion had
been placed on the right of the altar for the Prince, and on this he
knelt down, while the English and Spanish nobles grouped
themselves on either side. Mass was then solemnised, the Bishop of
Cuença and Father de Castro officiating with the English priests.
On issuing from the church, Philip was greeted with loud
acclamations from the crowd, which he graciously acknowledged.
Mounting his jennet, and attended by a gallant train, consisting of
the English and Spanish nobles, he proceeded along High Street
towards the Bar-gate, where he was told by the Earl of Arundel that
a pageant awaited him.
The same manifestations of popular satisfaction that had hitherto
attended him continued during this part of his course, and no
untoward incident occurred to mar the general harmony.
On approaching the Bar-gate, Philip perceived beneath its archway
the gigantic Sir Bevis of Southampton, armed as he had appeared on
the previous night, and seated on his mighty charger Arundel. Royal
Canute was stationed on the right of the puissant champion, and
savage Ascapart on the left. Behind were the Moorish kings.
Thus placed, the gigantic figures had a very picturesque effect,
and harmonised well with the ancient structure. A trumpet being
sounded, a fancifully-attired dwarf issued from a postern in one of
the flanking towers, and strutted towards the Prince.
“Who art thou, and what is thy business?” demanded Philip, as the
dwarf made him a very ceremonious obeisance.
“My name may perchance have reached your Highness’s ears,”
replied the mannikin, proudly. “I am called Sir Narcissus le Grand,
and am one—perchance not the least distinguished—of her Majesty’s
attendants.”
“I am aware that her Majesty has a dwarf to divert her,” replied
the Prince, laughing. “But I fancied the diminutive valet’s name
differed from thine.”
“There is no other dwarf but myself in her Majesty’s household,”
returned the mannikin. “Before I received the honour of knighthood,
I was called Xit, and I am still occasionally so designated by those
who are on familiar terms with me.”
“That name has brevity to recommend it, and therefore suits thee
better than the other,” observed the Prince.
“Nay, an your Highness thinks so, I am ready to resume the
appellation. Xit is a name of which I have no reason to be ashamed,
seeing I have ever borne it with honour. Perchance your Highness
designs some distinction for me. The Cross of Santiago, or the
Toison d’Or, would not be ill bestowed.”
“By Saint Anthony! a modest proposition!” exclaimed Philip. “I
marvel thou dost not ask to be made a grandee of the first class.”
“That is indeed my ambition,” replied Xit. “I shall then be
privileged to remain covered in your Highness’s presence, like the
proud lords I see yonder. But, though dazzled by the thought, I must
not forget the business in hand, which is to acquaint your Highness
that the Knight of Southampton, the redoubted Sir Bevis, with his
slave Ascapart, and the regal Canute, all of whom you behold under
yon archway, welcome you to England, and shout with me ‘God save
Prince Philip!’”
“God save Prince Philip!” vociferated the three giants in concert.
“Thanks for the welcome,” replied Philip. “Your pageant is good,
but it lacks its chief character. Where is the Princess Josyan?—she
should be with Sir Bevis.”
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