Modifiers & Punctuation

Modifiers
চললো দেখি কী এলেলে খিখিন্ন দিোলডে!

1. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [D. B. 19]
Arsenic is a (a)______ (pre-modify the noun) substance. It is (b) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the
adjective) dangerous for human health. (c) ______ (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) substance is
found in the water of the tube well. There are (d) ______ (use quantifier pre-modify the noun) villages in
(e)______ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country. Most of our (f) ______ (use a noun adjective to
pre-modify the noun) people drink tube well water. As a result, many of them are suffering from arsenic
problem. This problem is (g) ______ (pre-modify the verb) found in North Bengal. We should take proper
measures (h) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase). Government is trying to mark the tube
wells having arsenic (i)______ (use a participle to post-modify the verb) red colour. People should be refrained
from drinking water of (j) ______ (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) tube wells. Otherwise, they will
suffer from arsenicosis.
Answer: (a) harmful/dangerous/poisonous; (b) very; (c) This; (d) many/numerous/some/several/a lot of; (e)
our; (f) village; (g) widely/usually/nowadays/generally; (h) to purify the drinking water/to get rid of this
problem/to be safe/to remain safe; (i) painting with; (j) those/these.

2. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [R. B. 19]
Taking food is essential. We take food (a) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). We cannot
survive on earth if we do not take food. In fact, (b) ______ (use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun phrase)
living beings need to take food. But it is a matter of great regret that (c) ______ (use possessive to pre-modify
the noun) food is being adulterated. (d) ______ (use a noun-adjective to pre- modify the noun) adulteration is
increasing (e) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adverb) alarmingly that we cannot stop it. (f) ______
(use a determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) dishonest businessmen use (g) ______ (pre-modify the
noun) chemicals in food and fruits to make illegal and quick money. But they do not think about (h) ______
(use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) health. (i) ______ (use the present participle) adulterated food,
people get sick. They are often attacked with different fatal diseases. So, (j) ______ (use a gerund) food safety
is a must today.
Answer: (a) to satisfy our hunger/to maintain our health; (b) all; (c) our; (d) Food; (e) so: (f) Some; (g)
poisonous/ harmful/toxic; (h) our; (i) Eating/Taking/Having/Consuming: (j) ensuring/ maintaining.

3. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Din. B. 19]
Bangladesh is a (a)______ (pre-modify the noun) country. Though it is a small country, it has a (b)______
(pre-modify the noun) population. People (c)______ (pre-modify the verb with an adverb) depend on
agriculture. They grow different kinds of crops (d) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverbial phrase).
We earn (e)______ (pre-modify the noun with a noun adjective) currencies by exporting some of these crops.
We are also rich in (f) ______ (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) resources. Now, we are able (g) ______
(post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) natural gas from underground. Our industries are also rising (h)
______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb). We export (i) ͟ ______ (pre-modify the noun with a noun-
adjective) products to the developed countries. In this regard, we have already earned a (j) ______ (pre-modify
the noun) reputation.
Answer: (a) small; (b) vast/huge; (c) mainly/largely; (d) round the year; (e) foreign; (f) natural; (g) to raise/to
explore/to extract; (h) rapidly/fast; (i) garment; (j) good/great/large.

লক্ষ্য GPA-5 | HSC ‘24 1 Modifiers & Punctuation

 4. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [J. B. 19]
Air and water are the most (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) elements of the environment.
But we polluting them (b) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb). Mills and factories use fuel (c) ______
(post-modify the verb with an infinitive) their products. The burning of this fuel creates smoke (d) ______
(post-modify the verb with an adverbial). Motor vehicles also pollute the air, (e) ______ (use an appositive).
Water is polluted by (f) ______ (pre-modify the noun with a quantifier) kinds of waste and filth. We also
contaminate water (g) ______ (pre-modify the noun with (post-modify the verb with a present participle
phrase) into it. Farmers use (h) (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) fertilizers and insecticides and pollute
water. (j) ______ (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) harmful to health.
Answer: (a) vital/important/significant; (b) seriously/Indiscriminately/unwisely; (c) to produce; (d) profusely;
(e) the most vital element of the environment; (f) many/various; (g) throwing wastes; (h) chemical/harmful; (i)
Polluted/Contaminated; (j) very.

5. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [C. B. 19]
Newspaper plays a very (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) role in modern civilization, it publishes news and
views of home and abroad. Only (b) ______ (pre-modify the noun) knowledge is not enough in this competitive
world. A newspaper helps a man (c) ______ (post-modify the verb with infinitive his general knowledge.
Besides academic books, one should read newspapers (d) ______ (post modify the verb). Newspaper helps
one (e) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) the facts of the world. (f) ______pre-modify the verb
with a participle phrase) regularly. One can be aware of everything. There are (g) ______ (pre-modify the
noun) kinds of newspapers. One should select the newspaper (h) ______ (post-modify the verb). One should
choose the (i) ______ (pre-modify the noun) newspaper because many newspapers present news partially.
Whatever the paper is, it (j) ______ (pre-modify the verb) helps a man.
Answer: (a) important/significant/vital/useful; (b) bookish/academic; (c) to enrich/to increase; (d)
regularly/daily/everyday; (e) to know/to be informed of; (f) Reading newspaper; (g) many/various/different; (h)
wisely/carefully/ prudently; (i) impartial/unbiased; (j) certainly/undoubtedly.

6. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Ctg. B. 19]
We can't think of our existence without language. It plays a (a) ______ (use an intensifier) important in our life.
We use language from the time we wake up (b) ______ (post-modify the verb) till we go to bed at night. We
use language not only in our (c) ______ (pre-modify the noun) hours but also in our dreams. We use language
(d) ______ (use an infinitive) what we feel and to say what we like or dislike. We also use language (e) ______
(post-modify the verb with an infinitive) information. Language is (f) ______ (pre-modify the adjective) present
in our life. It is an (g) ______ (pre-modify the noun) part of our life. As an (h) ______ (pre-modify the noun)
nation, we also have a language. But we had to struggle (i) ______ (post-modify the verb) to establish the right
of our language. Many (j) ______ (pre-modify the noun) sons sacrificed their lives for the language.
Answer: (a) very; (b) in the morning; (c) waking; (d) to express; (e) to exchange/get; (f) ever/always; (g)
inseparable/integral; (h) independent; (i) hard; (j) heroic/brave/worthy.

7. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Syl. B. 19]
A library is a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) of knowledge. The students (b) ______ (use a participle) to
all classes visit it in their library periods. Our college library is housed in two rooms. (c) ______ (pre-modify
the noun) almirahs are placed in one room. The other room is the (d) ______ (use a participle to modify the
noun) room where magazines, journals and newspapers are placed. There are placed. There are about five
thousand books in our library which are arranged (e) ______ (post-modify the verb). Any type of book can be
traced in no time. The books cater to the needs and interests (f) ______ (use a prepositional phrase). There

লক্ষ্য GPA-5 | HSC ‘24 2 Modifiers & Punctuation

 are two separate sections in the library. One of them contains reference books like (g) ______ (use nouns) etc.
The other section contains books (h) ______ (use prepositional phrase). Every student has a library (i) ______
(use a noun). The reading room is always crowded (j) ______ (post-modify the verb) in the afternoon.
Answer: (a) storehouse; (b) attending: (c) Some/Many; (d) reading; (e) (e) systematically/alphabetically: (f) of
the students and teachers: (g) Macbeth, King Lear, etc.; (h) of different subjects/of varied interests: (i) card; (j)
especially/particularly/also.

8. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [B. B. 19]
The roads (a) ______ (use an adjective phrase to post-modify the noun) are beset with problems. (b) ______
(pre-modify the noun) driving is one of them. Most of the drivers are not (c) ______ (pre- modify the participle)
trained. They are not well educated. They can (d) ______ (use an adverb to pre- modify the verb) put their
signature and read Bengali. They are indifferent to (e) ______ (use a noun adjective) life. They do not realize
that life is (f) ______ (use a determiner) valuable than time. They drive (g) ______ (post-modify the verb).
They do (h) ______ (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) drive consciously. Even they themselves are not
conscious of (i) ______ (use a possessive) own lives. They drive (j) ______ (use an adverb phrase to post-
modify the verb) and try to overtake others.
Answer: (a) constructed in our country; (b) Reckless/Careless: (c) well/properly/adequately: (d)
hardly/nearly/merely; (e) public/human; (f) more; (g) carelessly/indifferently/ recklessly; (h) not/never/hardly;
(i) their; (j) in a wilful manner/in a whimsical way/at random/carelessly.

9. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [D. B., Din. B., J. B.,
Syl. B. 18]
Television has become the most common and (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) entertainment in the (b)
______ (pre-modify the noun) world. A wide range of programs of (c) ______ (pre-modify the adjective)
interest in telecast on (d) ______ (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) channels. Almost every middle class
and even working-class families have a television set today. (e) ______ (use a noun-adjective to pre-modify the
noun) programs are (f) ______ (pre-modify the adjective) entertaining. They can be (g) ______ (pre-modify
the adjective) educative too. Courses (h) ______ (post-modify the noun) by the Open University are shown
on BTV. (i) ______ (pre-modify the noun) channels like the Discovery Channel and the National Geographic
Channel telecast highly informative programs. However, watching TV has become (j) ______ (use an article)
addiction for many.
Answer: (a) widespread/popular; (b) present/modern; (c) varied; (d) many/numerous/different;(e) Television;
(f) not only/very/greatly; (g) highly/equally: (h) run; (i) Several/Different; (j) an.

10. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [R. B., C. B., Ctg.
B., B. B. 18]
Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali literature. He was a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) poet.
He wrote (b) ______ (post-modify the verb) in every branch (use an appositive), won the attention of everyone
in his of Bengali literature. Nazrul, (c) ______ (pre-modify the noun) early childhood. He wrote ceaselessly
until the death of (d) ______ (use possessive pronoun) poetic flair. He composed his songs (e) ______ (use
an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). His songs are (f) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the
adjective) melodious. He enriched the Bengali literature (g) ______ (use an adverb to pre modify the verb). His
literary works have enriched (h) ______ (use a noun adjective) literature. He was (i)______ (use an article)
secular poet. He sang the songs of equality (j) ______ (use an adverbial phrase).

লক্ষ্য GPA-5 | HSC ‘24 3 Modifiers & Punctuation

 Answer: (a) great/famous/rebel/renowned/reputed; (b) almost; (c) our national poet/the rebel poet; (d) his;
(e) to inspire the people/nation; (f) very; (g) greatly/immensely; (h) Bengali/Bangla; (i) a (j) throughout his
life/in his poems.

11. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [D. B. 17]
Deforestation means cutting down of trees (a) ______ (post-modify the verb). To meet up the basic needs of
food and housing, trees are being cut in large scale and thus it causes (b) ______ (pre- modify the noun)
imbalance. Besides, there are some dishonest people who cut trees in our forest (c) ______ (use an infinitive
phrase to post-modify the verb). The (d) ______ (use a noun adjective to pre- modify the noun) level is rising
and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea in near future. New areas of the world are (e)
______ (use a participle to pre-modify the verb) turned into desert as a result of deforestation. So, we must
stop (f) ______ (use a participle to post-modify the verb) down trees unnecessarily. (g) ______ (use a participle
to pre-modify the noun) trees Indiscriminately will be hazardous for our future existence. If we destroy trees
(h) ______ (use an adverbial phrase to post-modify the verb) one day the country will turn into a great desert.
The (i) ______ (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) temperature will cause greenhouse effect. Necessary
measures should be taken (j) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb).
Answer: (a) indiscriminately/at random/recklessly; (b) ecological; (c) to earn money illegally; (d) sea/water; (e)
going to be/being; (f) cutting; (g) cutting; (g) Cutting/Destroying; (h) in a merciless way/at random; (i)
increasing/growing; (j) to stop det deforestation/to maintain the ecological balance.

12. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [R. B. 17]
Ayesha Begum has three sons and two daughters. Her husband was a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) farmer
who used (b)_____ (post-modify the verb by using infinitive) on other people's land. With great effort they
married (c)_____ (use a pronoun) daughters off by the time they reached teenage. Their sons also started (d)
______ (use present participle to modify the verb) with their father as (e) ______ (pre-modify the noun)
labourers when they were old enough to help. By the time they were seventeen, they left for towns (f) ______
(use infinitive to post modify the verb) money. At first, they used to send money to their parents (g) ______
(use an adverb to post-modify the verb) but after getting married they barely had enough to support their (h)
______ (pre-modify the noun) families. Out of desperation, Ayesha Begum started (i) ______ (post-modify
the verb) in the village to feed her old. (j) ______ (pre-modify the noun) husband and herself.
Answer: (a) landless/poor; (b) to work; (c) their; (d) working; (e) day; (f) to earn; (g) occasionally: (h) own; (i)
begging; (j) invalid.

13. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Din. B. 17]
Sabbir is (a) ______ (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) ideal student. He prepares (b)______
(use possessive to pre-modify the noun) lessons in collaboration with his teachers. He does (c)______ (post-
modify the verb) in every examination as he does not waste time. He knows time once lost is lost forever. So,
he utilizes every moment. During his free time he goes to his native village. He teaches (d) ______ (pre-modify
the noun) people. He wants (e) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) illiteracy from his
village. (f) ______ (use present participle to pre modify the verb) illiteracy from his village, he wants to bring
about massive development there. He is (g) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) devoted to
God. He says prayer (h) ______ (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) times a day. He never tells a lie. He
respects his parents very much. Other superiors are also respected by him. His father. (i) ______ (post-modify
the noun phrase with an appositive) supports him cordially. His mother, an ideal housewife, (j) ______ (pre-
modify the verb) supports him very much. Such a student like Sabbir is rarely found nowadays.

লক্ষ্য GPA-5 | HSC ‘24 4 Modifiers & Punctuation

 Answer: (a) an; (b) his; (c) very well/quite well/well; (d) illiterate; (e) to remove/to eradicate; (f)
Removing/Eradicating; (g) very/highly; (h) five; (i) an ideal man; (j) also.

14. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [J. B. 17]
A village doctor is a very (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) person in the rural areas of Bangladesh. He is
(b)______ (pre-modify the verb) known as a quack. A village doctor is not a (c)______ (pre-modify the noun)
doctor. He usually sits in a small dispensary (d) ______ (post-modify the verb). He treats the patients (e)
______ (use a participle phrase to post-modify the verb). A village doctor is not a (f) ______ (pre-modify the
noun) man. His chamber is (g) ______ (pre-modify the verb) furnished. He cannot supply costly medicine to
(h) ______ (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country, the number of qualified doctors is (i) ______ (use
an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So, a village doctor is a great friend to the (j) ______ (pre-
modify the noun) villagers.
Answer: (a) familiar/common; (b) (b) also also/usually/commonly; (c) registered/qualified/skilled; (d) regularly/
everyday; (e) giving them cheap/inexpensive medicines; (f) solvent/rich/wealthy; (g) not/poorly; (h) the/poor;
(i) very; (j) poor.

15. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [C. B. 17]
A balanced diet is a good mixture of (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) foods. It is essential for us (b)______
(post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) a healthy life. There are many benefits of eating a (c)______ (pre-
modify the noun) diet because it prevents (d) ______ (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) diseases. As a
result, we do not get sick (e) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb). We should select (f) ______
(pre-modify the noun with possessive) diet according to our needs. We can keep fit (h) ______ (use a participle)
a balanced diet. But it is not easy (i) ______ (post- modify the adjective with an infinitive) a balanced diet. Here
(j) ______ (use a determiner) nutritionist can help us.
Answer: (a) various/good/several; (b) to lead/to maintain; (c) balanced; (d) some/many: (e) easily/frequently;
(f) our; (g) same/similar; (h) eating/taking; (i) to select/choose/make; (j) a.

16. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Ctg. B. 17]
The people of Bangladesh have expressed their shock (a) ______ (post-modify the verb) at the reaction of the
Pakistan Parliament. Pakistan strongly protested the execution of two (b)______ (pre-modify the noun)
collaborators who committed crimes against humanity on their own people in 1971. There is a demand for
apology from (c)______ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) government for the crimes of its army
during the Liberation War of Bangladesh. Recently Pakistan's National Assembly may be within its rights (d)
______ (use an infinitive phrase to post- modify the verb) for the execution of two collaborators. But it is quite
clear to us that Pakistan always tries to erase its past history. To erase (e) ______ (use a demonstrative to pre-
modify the noun) history is not easy because history continues to follow all of us. Pakistan, (f) ______ (post-
modify the noun with an appositive), cannot come out of its military influence. As a result, the country has
become (g) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) barbarous. So, Pakistan is going down (h)
______ (use an adverb to post-modify the verb). The founder of Pakistan Mr. Jinnah was physically (i) ______
(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) weak and so, the state always tried to show its physical strength
since (j) _____ (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) birth.
Answer: (a) strongly/instantly/Immediately; (b) notorious; (c) Pakistan; (d) to blame/to condemn; (e) that; (f)
the mostly military ruled country; (g) very; (h) gradually /day by day/sharply; (i) very; (j) its.

17. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [B. B. 17]
Raja, (a) ______ (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is known to his classmates as a good student. He
has (b)______ (use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun) good qualities. He knows that the (c)______ (use an
adjective to pre-modify the noun) duty of a student is to study and he never neglects (d) ______ (use a

লক্ষ্য GPA-5 | HSC ‘24 5 Modifiers & Punctuation

 demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) duty. He prepares (e) ______ (use possessive to pre modify the noun)
lessons regularly. He maintains discipline. He knows the value of time. He gets up (f) ______ (post modify the
verb with an adverb). He goes to school (g) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb). He never wastes a
(h) ______ (use determines to pre-modify the noun) moment in vain. Raja is (i) ______ (pre-modify the
adjective with an intensifier) gentle. He always obeys his parents and teachers. He never mixes with (j) ______
(pre-modify the noun) boys. A student like Raja is a great asset of a nation.
Answer: (a) a school boy; (b) some/many; (c) main/principal/first; (d) this: (e) his; (f) early: (g) regularly/daily;
(h) single; (i) very. (j) bad/naughty.

18. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [D. B. 16]
Rabindranath Tagore was a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) poet of Bangalee literature. He was born in a
(b)______ (pre-modify the noun) family at Jarasanko, Kolkata. He went to school (c)______(post- modify the
verb). He wrote his (d) ______ (pre-modify the noun) verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, he
went to London (e) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) school there. He was put up in a lodging
house under the care of a (f) ______ (pre-modify the noun) coach, Mr. Scott. He was lucky (g) ______ (post-
modify the adjective with an Infinitive) an English family of Mr. Scott. He also visited the House of Parliament (h)
______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) Gladstone and John Bright's debates on Irish rule. He wrote
letters to Kolkata (i) ______ (post-modify the verb with a present participle) English society. At this, his family
thought that they might lose their son (j) ______ (post-modify the verb). So, he was called back to Kolkata.
Answer: (a) renowned; (b) noble; (c) early; (d) first; (e) to attend; (f) professional; (g) enough to find; (h) to
listen to; (i) admiring; (j) forever.

19. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [R. B. 16]
It was a hot (a) ______ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) day. A (b)______ (pre-modify the noun)
crow flew all over the fields looking for water. For a long time, she could not find any She felt (c)______ (use
an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) weak, almost giving up hope. Suddenly, she saw a water jug below
her. She flew (d) ______ (post-modify the verb) to see if there was any water inside. Yes, she could see some
water inside the jug. The crow tried (e) ______ (use an Infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). Sadly, she
found that the neck of the jug was too narrow. Then she tried to push the jug down for the water to flow out.
But she found (f) ______ (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) jug too heavy. The crow thought (g)
______ (use a phrase to post-modify the verb) what to do. (h) ______ (use a participle to pre-modify the
verb), she saw some pebbles nearby. She (i) ______ (pre-modify the verb) had a good idea. She started picking
up the pebbles one by one, dropping each into the jug. As more and more pebbles filled the jug, the water kept
rising. Seon it was high (j) ______ (post-modify the adjective) for the crow to drink. The crow quenched its
thirst and flew away.
Answer: (a) summer; (b) thirsty; (c) very; (d) quickly; (e) to drink water; (f) that; (g) for a while; (h) Looking
around; (i) finally/then; (j) enough.

20. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Din. B. 16]
Water is a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) substance. It has no colour of (b)______ (possessive to pre-
modify) own. The (c)______(determiner to pre-modify the noun) name of water is life. By drinking water, we
can quench (d) ____ (possessive to pre-modify the noun) thirst. Thus, we can survive on earth. But (e) ____

(pre-modify the noun) water is life killing. By drinking contaminated water, we suffer from diseases like
diarrhoea, typhoid etc. We may (f) ______ (pre-modify the verb) face (g) ______ (pre-modify the noun) death
by drinking such type of water. We are responsible for (h) ______ (noun adjective to pre-modify the noun)
pollution. Waste materials from mills and factories are thrown here and there. Farmers use fertilizers and
insecticides in their land. During the rainy season. they are mixed with ponds and rivers. Besides, latrines (i)

লক্ষ্য GPA-5 | HSC ‘24 6 Modifiers & Punctuation

 ______ (participle to post-modify the noun) on ponds and rivers cause water pollution. (j) ______ (pre-modify
the noun) awareness should be raised to stop water pollution.
Answer: (a) liquid; (b) its; (c) other; (d) our; (e) contaminated; (f) easily: (g) premature; (h) water; (i) standing;
(j) Public.

21. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [J. B. 16]
Most of the people in (a) ______ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country do not know the importance
of English. In fact, it is an (b)______ (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) language and we are living in a
(c)_____ (pre-modify the noun) village. So, if you know English (d) ______ (post- modify the verb with an
adverb), you can communicate with (e) ______ (use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) rest of the world.
It is surely an important element of your (f) ______ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) skill. Without
the knowledge of English with proper understanding, you cannot complete (g) ______ (use possessive to pre-
modify the noun) higher studies because most of the books are written in English in the process of higher
education. Poor knowledge of English will also hamper your (h) ______ (use a noun adjective) development.
In short, if you do not have a good command of English, you will suffer (i) ______ (post-modify the verb with
prepositional phrase/adverbial) of your life. So, don't waste your time and try to learn English (j) ______ (post-
modify the verb with an adverb) from today.
Answer: (a) our; (b) international; (c) global; (d) well; (e) the; (f) language; (g) your; (h) career: (i) in every
stage; (j) properly.

22. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [C. B. 16]
I had a peculiar experience (a) ______ (post-modify the verb) while travelling to St. Martin's Island. I visited the
island along with my family. Zahid, (b)______ (post-modify the noun with an appositive), was our guide. On
our way to the island, we watched (c)______ (demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) sea gulls. The (d)
______ (pre-modify the noun) birds were flying (e) ______ (post-modify the verb) with the ship. They became
(f) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dear and friendly to us. We entertained them with
chips and biscuits. (g) ______ them (use a present participle to pre-modify the verb), to pre-modify the verb),
we become (h) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) excited. We decided (i) ______ (use
an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) in the idyllic island for a couple of days. We can never forget (j)
______ (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the adjective phrase) lovely sea birds.
Answer: (a) unexpectedly; (b) a local boy: (c) those; (d) beautiful; (e) elegantly; (f) very: (g) Entertaining: (h)
very: (i) to stay: (j) those.

23. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Ctg. B. 16]
Once there lived a (a) _____ (pre-modify the noun) fox In a jungle. One day, while he was walking (b)______
(post-modify the verb) through the jungle he fell into a trap and lost his tail. He felt (c) ___ (pre-modify the
adjective) unhappy and sad. But the fox was very cunning. He hit upon a plan. He Invited all the foxes (d) ______
(post-modify the verb with an infinitive) to a meeting. When all the foxes arrived, the fox without a tail said,
“My dear friends, listen to me, please, I have discovered a (e) _____ (pre-modify the noun) thing. It is that our
tails are (f) _____ (pre-modify the adjective) useless. They look ugly and dirty. So, we all should cut off our
tails, shouldn't we?" All foxes listened to the cunning fox (g) _____ (post-modify the verb). Most of them agreed

(h) ______ (post- modify the verb with an infinitive) their tails. But an old and (i) ______ (pre-modify the
noun) fox said to him, "My friend, your plan is nice but evil. Actually, you want to cut off our tails because you
have (j) ______ (pre-modify the noun with a determiner) tail of your own."
Answer: (a) clever; (b) alone/aimlessly; (c) very; (d) to come; (e) new; (f) quite; (g) attentively; (h) to cut off;
(i) wise; (j) no.

লক্ষ্য GPA-5 | HSC ‘24 7 Modifiers & Punctuation

 24. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Syl. B. 16]
Othello. (a) ______ (use an appositive to post-modify the noun) had risen to become a general. He had shown
his bravery in many (b)______ (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) battles against the Turks. Everyone
praised him (c)______ (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) and the senate trusted and honoured him.
Brabantio, a rich senator of Venice had a daughter named Desdemona (d) ______ (use a relative clause to post-
modify the noun). Brabantio (e) ______ (use an adverb to pre- modify the verb) invited Othello to his house
where he and his daughter listened in wonder to Othello as he spoke about his adventures. He told them of
deserts, of caves and of mountains high (f) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) to touch the
sky. Desdemona had to weep (g) ______ (use a present participle to post-modify the verb phrase) and she
never became tired of listening to it. She pitied Othello (h) ______ (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) for
the misfortunes and hardships of his life. Her pity (i) ______ (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) turned
to love. She refused all the young men (j) ______ (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) because she loved
Othello, a noble Muslim moor from North Africa.
Answer: (a) a black moor; (b) fearful/dangerous; (c) highly; (d) who loved him; (e) sometimes; (f) enough; (g)
listening to his stories; (h) much; (i) finally; (j) to marry.

25. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [B. B. 16]
A village doctor is a (a) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) familiar person in the rural areas
of Bangladesh. He is (b)_____ (pre-modify the verb) known as a quack. A village doctor is not a (c)______
(pre-modify the noun) doctor. He (d) ______ (pre-modify the verb) sits in a small dispensary in the morning
and evening. He treats the patients (e) ______ (use a participle modify the verb) fees. A village doctor is not a
(f) ______ (pre-modify the noun) man. His chamber is (g) ______ (pre-modify the verb) furnished. He cannot
supply costly medicines to the (h) ______ (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country, the number of
qualified doctors is (i) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So, a village doctor is a great
friend to the (j) ______ (pre-modify the noun) people.
Answer: (a) very; (b) mostly; (c) registered/qualified; (d) regularly; (e) taking; (f) rich/poor; (g) ill/well; (h) poor;
(i) very; (j) village/rural.

Punctuation
চললো দেখি কী এলেলে খিখিন্ন দিোলডে!

1. There are ten errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Rewrite the text
correcting the errors. [D. B. 19]
Student: Excuse me sir I want to discuss with you some grammatical problems.
Teacher: What class are you in
Student: Sir I am in class XI I am a newly admitted student here.
Teacher: Okay tell me your problems
Student: I want to understand the difference between a phrase and a clause.

Teacher: Dont worry. Ill help you understand the difference.

Answer:
Student: Excuse me, sir, I want to discuss with you some grammatical problems.
Teacher: What class are you in?
Student: Sir, I am in class XI. I am a newly admitted student here.
Teacher: Okay, tell me your problems.

লক্ষ্য GPA-5 | HSC ‘24 8 Modifiers & Punctuation

 Student: I want to understand the difference between a phrase and a clause.
Teacher: Don’t worry. I’ll help you understand the difference.

দচষ্টো কলে দেলিো দ ো!

Modifiers

1. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
One day, a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) man lost his purse. The purse contained very (b)______ (pre-
modify the noun) things. So, he became (c)_____ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) worried. He
began (d) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) for the purse. He failed to find out the. (e) ______
(pre-modify the noun) thief. His servants did not admit. Then he decided (f) ______ (post-modify the verb with
an infinitive) to the judge. The judge called the servants but they denied the charge. Then the judge hit upon a
plan (g) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) the thief. He gave all of them the sticks of (h) ______
(pre-modify the noun) length and asked them to submit the sticks on the following day. The judge also told that
the stick of the thief would increase by an inch. (i) ______ (pre-modify the verb with a present participle
phrase), all the servants kept their stick as it was. But the servant who stole the purse reduced it by an inch.
Next day the judge detected the thief (j) ______ (post-modify the verb).

2. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Eid is certainly the biggest (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) festival for the Muslims. It brings (b)______ (pre-
modify the noun) happiness to them. All the year-round people (c)______ (pre-modify the verb) wait for this
day. So most people (d) ______ (post-modify the noun with a present participle) outside their homes feel an
urge to return homes. They come home on Eid (e) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) the joy
with their near and dear ones. A (f) ______ (pre-modify the noun) rush is seen in the buses, trains and launches.
Accidents often follow such (g) ______ (pre-modify the noun) Journeys. But this cannot reduce their desire (h)
______ (post-modify the verb with an Infinitive) with their close ones. It is (i) ______ (use a non-adjective to
Pre-modify the noun) bond that pull them. Like a tree, human beings have roots (j) ______ (post-modify the
noun with a present participle phrase).

3. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in blank spaces.
Women are nowadays (a) ______ (pre-modify the adjective) Important men in society. They constitute neatly
half of our (b)______ (pre-modify the noun) population. Soo, they too possess (c)_____ (pre-modify the
noun) rights and duties as men do. They noble missions (d) ______ (post-modify the noun with an infinitive)
as men. If they get opportunities, their genius and capacities will bloom (e) ______ (post-modify verb). No
nation can make real progress (f) ______ (post-modify the verb with a present participle) half of its population
in the dark. The progress of nation is not possible if we do not develop our women (g) ______ (post-modify
the verb). To develop our women, we need (h) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) them. And an
(i) ______ (pre-modify the noun) woman can be an asset herself and to the country. Hence education should
be the (j)— (post-modify the noun) priority.

4. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Socrates, (a) ______ (post-modify the noun with an appositive), believed that an angry man was more of a
beast than a (b)______ (use adjective to pre-modify noun) being. His wife used to lose (c)_____ (use possessive
to pre-modify the noun) temper slightest excuse. She tried her utmost (d) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to
post-modify the noun phrase). (e) ______ (use quantifier to pr-modify the noun) day the woman became more
furious than ever. Socrates went (g) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverbial of place). He sat on the
(h) ______ (use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) step of his residence looking out on the path-street.
The wife found that (i) ______ (use possessive to pre-modify noun) husband was not paying the least heed her

লক্ষ্য GPA-5 | HSC ‘24 9 Modifiers & Punctuation

 word. She went up to him with a bucket full of water and suddenly she poured much water over him. He (j)
______ (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) remarked, “I am expecting this. After thunder, comes rain.”

5. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Computer is one of the (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) invention of modern technology. It has changed the
world (b)______(post-modify the verb). It is being used in (c)______(pre-modify the noun) sectors. Both
teachers and students use it (d) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitives) knowledge. So, it is helping
education (e) ______ (post-modify the verb). It helps (f) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive)
diseases. It has quickened (g) ______ (pre-modify the noun) transaction. It is also used (h) ______ (post-
modify the verb) in industries and factories. But it was not invented (i) ______ (post-modify the verb). It took
(j) ______ (pre-modify the noun) years to develop.

6. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Television is now the most (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) source of entertainment. It entertains people of
(b)______ (pre-modify the noun) ages. Different programmes are telecast on (c) ͟ (pre-modify the noun)
channels. Television programmes are not only enjoyable but they can be (d) ______ (pre-modify the adjective
with an intensifier) educative. It is now used for distance learning (e) ______ (post-modify the verb). Almost
all families (f) ______ (post-modify the noun with a present participle) in the towns or villages have a television
set today. It has now become also a (g) ______ (pre-modify the noun) box for sport lovers. Television shows
(h) ______ (pre-modify the noun with a noun- adjective) events. So, people can watch them (i) ______ (post-
modify the verb). But it may affect the taste of our(j) ______ (pre-modify the noun) generation.

7. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Macbeth was the General of Scotland. He fought (a) ______ (post-modify the verb) and won the battle. While
he was returning to his castle, he saw three witches (b)______ (post-modify the noun with a present participle)
about him. He came (c)______ (post-modify the noun with an infinitive) from the witches that he would be
the king of Scotland. He became (d) ______ (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) ambitious. His wife
also wanted Macbeth (e) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) the king. She was a very (f) ______
(pre-modify the noun) woman. So, she began (g) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) Macbeth.
Then they both plotted to kill Duncan, (h) ______ (post-modify the noun with an appositive). They planned (i)
______ (post-modify the verb with an Infinitive) Duncan when he would come to stay with them in their castle.
(j) ______ (pre-modify the verb with a present participle) a knife, Macbeth entered the room of Duncan and
killed him.

8. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Traffic jam is a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) problem in Dhaka. It becomes serious in (b)______(pre-
modify the noun) hours. Sometimes it becomes (c)______ (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) serious.
It becomes very difficult for people (d) ______ (post-modify the noun with an infinitive). They cannot reach
their destination (e) ______ (post-modify the verb). Our population has risen very (f) ______ (post-modify
the verb). The number of vehicles has also gone up. But our roads are not broad (g) ______ (post-modify
adjective) accommodate so many vehicles. Slow (h) ______ (pre-modify the noun) vehicles have added
complications to this problem. Moreover, our drivers are not willing (i) ______ (post-modify the adjective with
an infinitive phrase). Sometimes they drive (j) ______ (post-modify the verb) and meet accidents.

9. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Physical exercise is very necessary for us (a) ______ (post-modify the adjective with infinitive phrase). It means
(b) ) ͟ (pre-modify the noun) movement of our limbs. We should take physical exercise (c)______ (post-
modify the verb). There are (d) ______ exercises. All people may not know all these. So, they can take one

লক্ষ্য GPA-5 | HSC ‘24 10 Modifiers & Punctuation

 exercise very (e) ____ (pre-modify the noun) and that is walking. They can walk for thirty or forty minutes (f)
_____ (post-modify the verb) or in the afternoon. But they have to take it (g) ______ (post-modify the verb).

Those who are workers do not need (h) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) physical exercise.
They work (i) ______ (post-modify the verb) to earn money. It keeps them (j) ______ (pre-modify
the adjective) fit.

10. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
One hot (a) ______ (use a noun adjective to pre modify the noun) day an ant was searching for some water.
After walking for some time, she came to a (b)______ (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) spring. To
reach the spring she had to climb up a blade of grass. While climbing the blade of (c)____ (use a demonstrative
to pre-modify the noun) glass, she slipped and fell into water. A dove from a mango tree saw this incident. (d)
______ (use a participle phrase to pre-modify the verb), the dove quickly plucked off a leaf and dropped it into
the water near the (e) ______ (use a present participle to pre-modify the noun) ant. The ant moved towards
the leaf and climbed up there. Soon it carried her (f) ______ (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) to the
dry ground. Just at that time the ant saw a hunter standing (g) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the
adjective) close to him. He was aiming an arrow to the dove (h) ______ (use a relative clause to post-modify
the noun). So, the ant took a firm determination to save the dove's life. She (i) ______ (use an adverb to pre-
modify the verb) went to the hunter and gave him a severe bite. The hunter cried out in pain and missed the
target. The dove saw this and flew away (j) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb).

Punctuation

1. There are ten errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Rewrite the text
correcting the errors.
The phone rang and Jerry picked it up.
Hello?
There was a moment of silence on the other end.
Is this Jerry Simmon? a male voice asked.
Yeah. Whos this?
The man paused. Jerry could hear him take a deep breath
“Jerry my name's Dave. Im your brother."
“If this's a prank it isn't funny," Jerry said.
My family died a long time ago.
“Not your whole family" Dave said.
Jerry hung up the phone.

2. There are ten errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Rewrite the text
correcting the errors.
Kiron: Good morning Hiron. Im going to Sylhet to see my mother.
Hiron: How nice When will you come back
Kiron: In a week Could you please do something for me?
Hiron: Sure dear. What can I do for you?
Kiron: Can I leave my keys with you
Hiron: Of course, you can. Anything else
Kiron: Could you please water my plants too?
Hiron: OK. I'll do it for you. Have a nice trip
Kiron: Thanks, bye!

লক্ষ্য GPA-5 | HSC ‘24 11 Modifiers & Punctuation

 3. There are ten errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Rewrite the text
correcting the errors.
You look a little bit like my mother he said. Especially in the dark by the fire.
But you’re only four Jerry when you came here. You've remembered how she looked all these years My mother
lives in Mannville, he said.
For a moment finding that he had a mother shocked me as greatly as anything in my life has ever done and I did
not know why it disturbed me.

4. There are ten errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Rewrite the text
correcting the errors.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge the son of a vicar was born on October 21, 1772. When Coleridge was nine his father
died and his mother sent him away to a boarding school often not allowing him to return home for holidays and
vacations. As an adult Coleridge would idealize his father but his relationship with his mother would always be
strained. While at university Coleridge became friends with Robert Southey and the two developed plans to
establish a utopian commune in Pennsylvania Coleridge and Southey married sisters Edith and Sarah Fricker but
Coleridge's marriage was never truly happy.

5. There are ten errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Rewrite the text
correcting the errors.
Amin: Hello, Habib howre you?
Habib: Fine. Thanks and you?
Amin: Im fine too. What about your preparation for the coming HSC Exam?
Habib: Well, I’m going on well with my studies. But I’m worried about my exam.
Amin: Its all the same about me too. But tell me about your model tests of all subjects.
Habib: Model tests of all the subjects are frequently being taken in our college to ensure proper preparation.
Amin: Are you working with the test papers
Habib: Yes.
Amin: Very good. Youre well on your preparation I see I must start working with the test papers. What do you
think?
Habib: Yes. I think it'll be helpful for your preparation wish you best of luck.
Amin: You are most welcome.

6. There are ten errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Rewrite the text
correcting the errors.
Rodela: Hello, Rahela what are you doing
Rahela: I am reading a newspaper.
Rodela: Do you read newspaper daily
Rahela: Yes everyday before breakfast dont you read newspaper?
Rodela: No. I don’t. Whats the importance of reading newspaper
Rahela: Newspaper is an indispensable part of our life. It helps us in many ways.
Rodela: Would you please tell me how it helps us?
Rahela: It has removed the global distance. It gives us news about politics, economics, cultures, literatures, games
and sports of the whole world.
Rodela: You’re right. I’m just away from so many things. So, from now on, III read newspaper daily. Thanks for
your suggestion.

লক্ষ্য GPA-5 | HSC ‘24 12 Modifiers & Punctuation

 Rahela: Youre welcome.

7. There are ten errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Rewrite the text
correcting the errors.
Myself: Hi Suman how are you?
Suman: Fine and you?
Myself: Im fine too.
Suman: By the by whats your result in the HSC exam?
Myself: Not satisfactory Ive got 4.90.
Suman: Don’t be worried. It's Ok. Try to get a chance in Dhaka University or another good one.
Myself: Thanks for your advice. Whats your result?
Suman: I've got GPA-5.
Myself: Congratulations
Suman: Ill try to get admission to BUET.
Myself: Wish you good luck.
Suman: OK, I hope you'll succeed.
Myself: Thanks pray for me.
Suman: OK. Goodbye.

8. There are ten errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Rewrite the text
correcting the errors.
The grocer thought to himself "What a fool the illiterate fruit seller is". Then one day the fruit seller said to the
grocer "I m going to the town to do some shopping. Please send your son with me to carry things. We will
come back tomorrow. The grocer sent his son with the fruit seller but he came back alone next day. "Where is
my son." asked the grocer. A crow carried your son away, replied the fruit seller. "You liar how can a crow
carry away such a big boy?" The grocer shouted angrily "Just the same way as mice can eat away the balance and
weights" said the fruit seller.

9. There are ten errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Rewrite the text
correcting the errors.
Bangladesh, the land of rivers sometimes faces water crisis. As a result our agriculture suffers most. Water crisis
happens due to irregular rainfall. If rainfall is not timely crops do not grow well this causes untold sufferings to
our farmers. Timely rainfall a must for bumper harvest is not at our hands. It is controlled by nature we have
nothing to do in that case. If so how can we tackle this problem? Irrigation a substitute of rainfall can be an
effective remedy to address this problem. So, our government should put emphasis on irrigation otherwise we
shall have to suffer more.

10. There are ten errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Rewrite the text
correcting the errors.
Student: What is meant by deforestation sir?
Teacher: Being a student of class XII you do not know this.
Student: No sir my conception is not clear.
Teacher: OK what is your conception?
Student: If we go on cutting down our trees a day will come when there will be no trees left this is called
deforestation.
Teacher: Well done you are correct. Your conception is absolutely clear I see.

লক্ষ্য GPA-5 | HSC ‘24 13 Modifiers & Punctuation

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