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Python 2nd Internal

The document provides explanations and examples of various Python programming concepts, including lists, dictionaries, tuples, string methods, and regular expressions. It covers definitions, syntax, and differences between data types, as well as methods like `len()`, `del`, and `setdefault()`. Additionally, it discusses the `sort()` method for lists and the `findall()` method for regular expressions.

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7 views3 pages

Python 2nd Internal

The document provides explanations and examples of various Python programming concepts, including lists, dictionaries, tuples, string methods, and regular expressions. It covers definitions, syntax, and differences between data types, as well as methods like `len()`, `del`, and `setdefault()`. Additionally, it discusses the `sort()` method for lists and the `findall()` method for regular expressions.

Uploaded by

regards.mariasadaf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Here are the answers to your questions based on the concepts typically covered in programming books like "SS

Gaurishankar":

1. Define List with an Example:


A list is a mutable, ordered collection of items in Python. Lists can contain elements of different data types.
Example:
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 'apple', 4.5]

2. Define Dictionary with an Example:


A dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs in Python. Each key must be unique, and it is used to access the
corresponding value.
Example:
my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New York'}

3. Define len() with List Example:


The `len()` function returns the number of items in an object, such as a list.
Example:
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
length = len(my_list) # length will be 4

4. Define del Statement with Example:


The `del` statement is used to delete an object or a variable in Python.
Example:
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
del my_list[1] # my_list will now be [1, 3, 4]

5. Define setdefault() with Example:


The `setdefault()` method in dictionaries returns the value of a specified key. If the key does not exist, it inserts the key with
a specified value.
Example:
my_dict = {'name': 'Alice'}
value = my_dict.setdefault('age', 25) # my_dict is now {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}

6. Define upper(), islower() String Methods with Example:


- `upper()`: Converts all characters in a string to uppercase.
- `islower()`: Checks if all characters in a string are lowercase.
Example:
my_string = "hello"
upper_string = my_string.upper() # upper_string will be "HELLO"
is_lower = my_string.islower() # is_lower will be True

7. Define in and not in Operator with Dictionary Example:


The `in` operator checks if a key exists in a dictionary, while `not in` checks if a key does not exist.
Example:
my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}
exists = 'name' in my_dict # exists will be True
not_exists = 'city' not in my_dict # not_exists will be True

8. Write Steps to Use Regular Expression in Python:


1. Import the `re` module.
2. Compile a regular expression pattern using `re.compile()`.
3. Use methods like `search()`, `match()`, or `findall()` to search for patterns in strings.
4. Use the results as needed.
9. What is re.compile() and re.search() Method:
 re.compile()`: Compiles a regular expression pattern into a regex object, which can be used for matching.
 `re.search()`: Searches the string for a match to the compiled regex pattern and returns a match object if found;
otherwise, it returns `None`.
example:
import re
pattern = re.compile(r'\d+') # Compiles a pattern to match digits
match = pattern.search('There are 123 apples') # Searches for digits in the string

05 MARKS:
Here are the detailed answers to your questions, suitable for a 5-mark response:

### 1. What is Tuple Datatype? Explain with Example and Differences from a List.

A **tuple** is an immutable, ordered collection of items in Python. Tuples can contain elements of different data types,
similar to lists, but once a tuple is created, its elements cannot be modified, added, or removed.

**Example**:
```python
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'apple', 4.5)
```

**Differences between Tuple and List**:


- **Mutability**:
- Tuples are immutable (cannot be changed).
- Lists are mutable (can be changed).

- **Syntax**:
- Tuples are defined using parentheses `()`.
- Lists are defined using square brackets `[]`.

- **Performance**:
- Tuples can be slightly faster than lists for iteration due to their immutability.

- **Use Cases**:
- Tuples are often used for fixed collections of items, while lists are used for collections that may change.

### 2. Explain String Methods with Example Code.

Python provides several built-in string methods that allow you to manipulate and analyze strings. Here are a few common
string methods:

- **`upper()`**: Converts all characters to uppercase.


- **`lower()`**: Converts all characters to lowercase.
- **`strip()`**: Removes leading and trailing whitespace.
- **`replace(old, new)`**: Replaces occurrences of a substring with another substring.
- **`split(separator)`**: Splits a string into a list based on a separator.

**Example Code**:
```python
my_string = " Hello, World! "
print(my_string.upper()) # Output: " HELLO, WORLD! "
print(my_string.lower()) # Output: " hello, world! "
print(my_string.strip()) # Output: "Hello, World!"
print(my_string.replace("World", "Python")) # Output: " Hello, Python! "
print(my_string.split(",")) # Output: [" Hello", " World! "]
```

### 3. Explain `findall()` Method with Respect to Regular Expression.


The `findall()` method in the `re` module returns all non-overlapping matches of a pattern in a string as a list. If no matches
are found, it returns an empty list.

**Example**:
```python
import re

text = "The rain in Spain falls mainly in the plain."


pattern = r'in'

matches = re.findall(pattern, text)


print(matches) # Output: ['in', 'in', 'in']
```

In this example, `findall()` finds all occurrences of the substring "in" in the given text.

### 4. Write the Following:

**a) The Difference Between List and Dictionary with Example**:


- **List**: An ordered collection of items that can be accessed by their index.
- **Dictionary**: An unordered collection of key-value pairs where each key is unique.

**Example**:
```python
# List
my_list = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
print(my_list[1]) # Output: 'banana'

# Dictionary
my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}
print(my_dict['name']) # Output: 'Alice'
```

**b) Write the Output of the Following Statements**:


```python
spam = ['cat', 'bat', 'rat', 'elephant']
```
1) `spam[2]` → Output: `'rat'`
2) `spam[10]` → Output: `IndexError: list index out of range`
3) `spam[-2]` → Output: `'rat'`
4) `spam[1:3]` → Output: `['bat', 'rat']`
5) `spam[0:]` → Output: `['cat', 'bat', 'rat', 'elephant']`

### 5. Explain the Sorting Values in a List Using `sort()` Method with Examples.

The `sort()` method is used to sort the elements of a list in place (i.e., it modifies the original list). By default, it sorts in
ascending order. You can also specify the `reverse` parameter to sort in descending order.

**Example**:
```python
my_list = [5, 2, 9, 1, 5, 6]
my_list.sort() # Sorts in ascending order
print(my_list) # Output: [1, 2, 5, 5, 6, 9]

my_list.sort(reverse=True) # Sorts in descending order


print(my_list) # Output: [9, 6, 5, 5, 2, 1]
``
10 MARKS:

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