Practical Work

Exercise 1
Object: Important DOS commands .

1. MD – This command is use to create the new directory on the storage device.
Syntax – C:\> MD <directory_name>
Example – C:\> MD Std20

2. CD – This command is use to change or go into the directory.

Syntax – C:\> CD <directory_name>
Example – C:\> CD Std20
Note – When we need to go out from directory, we can apply 'cd..' and we also use 'cd\'
command for directly jump to root directory.
3. COPY CON – This command is use to create a new file, in which we can store some information.
Syntax – C:\> COPY CON <file_name>
(Insert some information)
Ctrl+Z or F6
Example – C:\> COPY CON madan.txt
My name is madan and I live in lucknow.
Ctrl+Z or F6
Note – Any DOS file has contains two filename, first is called filename, which maximum length
is 8 characters and second name is called extension name (also called file type name), which
maximum length is 3 characters. Both names separated by “.” operator.
Example - madan.txt, here “madan” is first file name and “txt” is extension name
4. DIR - This command is use to display the list the file and directories which are saved on harddisk.
Syntax – C:\> DIR
Note – DIR command is available with several options -
/w – display files & directories in widthwise
/p - display files & directories in page wise
5. COPY - This command is use to create another copy of existing file.
Syntax – C:\> COPY <File_name> <Destination_filename>
Example – C:\> COPY madan.txt rohan.txt
6. DEL - This command is use to remove a file from the disk.
Syntax – C:\> DEL <File_name>
Example – C:\> DEL madan.txt
7. RD – This command is used to remove the directory from the disk.
Syntax – C:\> RD <Directory_name>
Example – C:\> RD Std20
Note – before remove the directory we have to ensure that directory must be empty and not
working directory.
8. REN – This command is use to change or rename filename of existing file.
Syntax – C:\> COPY <File_name> <new_filename>
Example – C:\> COPY rohan.txt madhav.txt

9. TYPE – This command is use to display saved information of the particular file.
Syntax – C:\> Type <file_name>
Example – C:\> Type madhav.txt

10. DATE – This command is use to display the system date and if need, we can also update it.
Syntax – C:\> Date

11. TIME – This command is use to display the system time and if need, we can also update it.
Syntax – C:\> Time

12. EDIT – This command is use to open, save, update and close the file, because this command provide
us a simple window in which we can open file, create file, save and update the information in the file
and several more command available in menu wise to do some more work.
Syntax – C:\> EDIT

13. PRINT - This command is use to print the text file from the printer.
Syntax – C:\> Print <file_name>
Example – C:\> Print madhav.txt

14. Move - This command is use to move a file from one place to another place on hard disk. This
command is the combination of copy and del command.
Syntax – C:\> Move <Source_filename> <destination location>
Example – C:\> Move rohan.txt d:\class\

15. Xcopy - This command is use to copy multiple files of entire directory form another place on hard
disk.
Syntax – C:\> Xcopy <Source files or directory> <Destination place>
Example – C:\> Xcopy Student d:\class\
 Practical Work
Exercise 2
Object: Various common commands of MS Office.

There are few common commands which are used in MS Word, Excel & power point.

1. New - This command is used to initialize a new document or workbook or slide.

(Shortcut Key – Ctrl + N)

2. Open – This command is used to open an existing word document/Excel workbook/Power point
Presentation.

(Shortcut Key – Ctrl + O)

3. Save – It will display a dialogue box asking for the file name for first time, otherwise if an existing
file is opened then it will be saved repeatedly without asking file name when we use this command.

(Shortcut Key – Ctrl + S)

4. Save As – It is different from save command, whenever we use this command, it will display a
dialogue box asking for the file name every time and create a new file.

5. Print – This command is used to print the document/worksheet/slide from the printer as a hard
copy.
(Shortcut Key – Ctrl + P)

6. Close – This command is used to close an opened word document/Excel workbook/Power point
Presentation.

7. Cut, Copy, Paste – These commands are used in Cut-Paste or Copy-paste combination, These
commands are used to copy or move the text or object to one place to another place in the
document/worksheet/slide.
(Shortcut Key – Ctrl + C for Copy, Ctrl + X for Cut and Ctrl + V for Paste)

8. Redo and Undo - Undo is a function performed to reverse the action of an earlier action and Redo
is the opposite of undo: it redoes an action you have undone.
(Shortcut Key – Ctrl + Z for undo, Ctrl + Y for redo)

7. Text Formatting Tools – We can change text style, colors, look & size in document/worksheet /slide
by using text formatting tools such as – Font name, Font Size, Text foreground/background Color, Bold,
Italic and Underline etc.

8. Word Art - WordArt is a gallery of text styles that we can add to our document/worksheet /slide to
create decorative effects, such as shadowed or mirrored (reflected) text. We can use WordArt to add
special text effects to our document. We can modify or add to the text in an existing WordArt object.
Take Print and Paste it left side blank page
 Practical Work
Exercise 3
Object: Important functions of MS Word.

There are few important function of MS Word.

1. Font Settings - We can change text style, color, effect and more by using Font function. It is found
in Home menu.

(Shortcut Key – Ctrl + D)

2. Paragraph Settings – We can change paragraph style, line spacing, paragraph spacing, shading, line
alignment like – Left, right, center and justified, insert bullets or number and more by using Paragraph
function. It is found in Home menu.

3. Styles – There many predefined paragraph styles to apply in our document, each paragraph style is
preset of font style, colors, font size, effects, line spacing and color styles and more. It is found in Home
menu.

4. Page break & Blank Page – We can insert a blank page in document by using Blank Page function.
We stop paragraph and write new paragraph at new page by using Page break function. These are
found in Insert menu.

5. Table – If we want to write something in row & columns then we should use a Table function. We
can create multiple row & columns by using table command. It is found in Insert menu.

6. Picture, Shapes, charts and others – We can add images, data charts and various shapes and create
more attractive and informative document by using these functions. It is found in Insert menu.

7. Header & Footer – Every page in a document have header area on the top and footer area on the
bottom. When we write something in header & footer are it is shows every page of the document
when it print. Generally we use header for name of organization and footer area for page numbers
etc. It is found in Insert menu.

8. Page number – We can insert page numbers in footer area of our document by using this function.
It is found in Insert menu.

9. Drop cap – Create a large capital letter at beginning of a paragraph by this function. It is found in
Insert menu.

10. Equation and Symbols – We can add various symbols and some mathematical equations by using
this function. It is found in Insert menu.

11. Page colors & watermark – We can add watermark text and change the color of page by using this
function. It is found in design menu.

12. Page Layout – In this menu, we can change page orientation, page size, and margins and divide
page in columns.

13. Mail merge – Mail Merge is an efficient feature that incorporates data from both Microsoft Word
and Microsoft Excel and allows us to create multiple documents at once. We can save the time and
effort of retyping the same letter over and over by using this function. It is found in Mailings menu.
Take Print and Paste it left side blank page
 Practical Work
Exercise 4
Object: Important functions of MS Excel.

There are few important function of MS Excel.

1. Pivot Table - It is an interactive way to quickly summarize large amounts of data. We can use it to
analyze numerical data in detail, and answer unanticipated questions about your data. It is especially
designed for: Querying large amounts of data in many user-friendly ways. It is found in Insert menu.

2. Picture, Shapes, charts and others – We can add images and various shapes and create more
attractive and informative worksheet by using these functions. It is found in Insert menu.

3. Charts – Charts is the most interactive way to present your data and analysis. There are various
chart options to represent our data in a charts form such as – Bar, Column, Line, Pie and Combo charts.

4. Header & Footer – Same as Word document, Excel sheet has header area on the top and footer
area on the bottom. When we write something in header & footer are it is shows every page of the
worksheet when it print. Generally we use header for name of organization and footer area for page
numbers etc. It is found in Insert menu.

5. Page Layout – In this menu, we can change page orientation, page size, and margins, we can also
set the print area and print title of worksheet.

6. Formulas – It is the important feature of the MS Excel. There up to 1000 different types of formulas,
which are helps us to create effective, interactive and more accurate data worksheet. These formulas
are divided in some categories –

(i) Financial Formulas – There are many formulas which are related to financial calculation such
as - Simple Interest, Future value, Net Present Value and Interest, Yield, discount calculations etc.

(ii) Logical Formulas – There are some formulas which are help us to make a logical decision in a
particular conditions. Such as - AND, OR, NOR, XOR etc.

(iii) Text Formulas – There are some useful formulas which are used in the text and we can also
do some manipulation with text data. Some formulas are – Left, Right, Upper, Lower, Len, Mid etc.

(iv) Date & Time Formulas – There some formulas related to date & time such as – Date, Minute,
Second, NetWorkdays, Now etc.

(v) Mathematical & Trigonometry Formals - There many formulas related to maths &
trigonometry Such as - Sin, Cos, Tan, Log, Log10, Fact, Mod, Sqrt, Round etc.

7. Data Source – We can import data from other source to our worksheet. We can import data from
website, MS Access and any text. That is the easy way by which we can include external data in our
worksheet. It is found in Data menu.

8. Sorting – We can arrange our data in sort order by this function. Sorting order can be incremental
or decremental. It is found in Data menu.

9. Filter – It is used to filter a range of data based on the criteria that we specify. The function belongs
to the category of Dynamic Arrays functions. The result is an array of values that automatically spills
into a range of cells, starting from the cell where you enter a formula. It is found in Data menu.
10. Remove Duplicates – It is very effective function to eliminate duplicate data in our worksheet
without any hassle. It very difficult to remove duplicate data from large amount database, but that
will be easy by using this function.

11. Data Validation – We can set the limit or such rules to enter the data in a particular cell by this
function. It help us to enter the correct or desirable type of data in a particular cell or range.

Paste spacial
Take Print and Paste it left side blank page
 Practical Work
Exercise 5
Object: Important functions of MS Power Point.

There are few important function of MS Power Point.

1. Slides – We can choose desirable slide for our presentation. There blank or some predefined slides
available there. It is found in Home menu.

2. Drawing tools – We can add images and various shapes and customize them to create more
attractive and interactive presentation by using this tool. It is found in Home menu.

3. Font Settings - We can change text style, color, effect and more by using Font function. It is found
in Home menu.

4. Paragraph Settings – We can change paragraph style, line spacing, paragraph spacing, shading, line
alignment like – Left, right, center and justified, insert bullets or number and more by using Paragraph
function. It is found in Home menu.

5. Themes – We can choose some predefined attractive theme design for our slide presentation and
also customize them. We can also save slide design as a theme for future use. It is found in Design
menu.

6. Slide Size – We can change the slide size. Mostly we can use wide screen size (16:9), but we can
also use standard size (4:3). It can be customize. It is found in Design menu.

7. Format Background – We can change the color theme and style of the slide by this function. It is
found in Design menu.

8. Transition – This is useful menu. We can give some animation effects between two slides in slide
show of presentation. We can set the animation timing also using this menu.

9. Animation – This menu give us some animation tools, by which we can give animation effect to any
object such as Textbox, Shape, Images etc. in the slide. We can set the animation timing also using this
menu.

10. Slide Show – When we completed our presentation, then we need to show in interactive way in
full screen. The Slide show menu help us to customize the slide show setting for how to display the
slide show presentation in full screen.
 Practical Work
Exercise 6
Object: Create and analysis of Database using MS Access.
1. Creating a Database – We can create database with New command and choose blank database and
save it with desired database name. New command found in File menu.

2. Open an Existing Database - We can open existing database with Open Command. It is found in File
menu.

3. Creating a Table – After create or open the database, we have to create table in database in which
we can store the data. Table has two views – 1. Design view – We can create the table's design like
fields and assign data type to fields in this view. 2. Data Sheet view – After create the table in design
view we can insert actual data in tables.

4. Print Command – This command use to print database or table structure, reports and query
structure. It is found in File menu.

5. Sorting – We can arrange our data in sort order by this function. Sorting order can be incremental
or decremental as same as MS Excel. It is found in Home menu.

6. Filter – It is used to filter a range of data based on the criteria that we specify same as same as MS
Excel. It is found in Home menu.

7. Generate Queries – A query is a request for data or information from a database table or
combination of tables. We can generate the dynamic queries to show desirable data from different
tables by using Query Wizard, which is found in Create Menu.

8. Create form - A form in Access is a database object that we can use to create a user interface for a
database application. It generally serves three purposes – 1. To allow users to perform data entry, 2.
To allow users to enter custom information and 3. To allow users a method of navigating through the
system.

9. Generate Reports - Reports are a great way to organize and present data from our Access database.
Reports enable us to format our data in an attractive and informative layout for printing or viewing on
screen. Reports are often used to present a big-picture overview, highlighting main facts and trends.
We can generate the reports by using Blank Report or Report design or Report Wizard options, which
is found in Create Menu.
 Practical Work
Exercise 7
Object: Create a flowchart to find out the table of given Number.

Start

Take Number = N,
A = 1, Sum = 0

Sum = N * A

A=A+1

Print Sum

if Yes
A<11

No

Stop