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Experiment 4 1

The document outlines an experiment simulating BPSK modulation over AWGN and Rayleigh fading wireless channels. It includes code for generating random bits, adding noise, and calculating bit error rates (BER) for both channels, as well as plotting the theoretical and simulated BER results. The experiment aims to compare the performance of BPSK modulation under different channel conditions.

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Sakshi
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0 views4 pages

Experiment 4 1

The document outlines an experiment simulating BPSK modulation over AWGN and Rayleigh fading wireless channels. It includes code for generating random bits, adding noise, and calculating bit error rates (BER) for both channels, as well as plotting the theoretical and simulated BER results. The experiment aims to compare the performance of BPSK modulation under different channel conditions.

Uploaded by

Sakshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 4

RAYLEIGH FADING WIRELESS CHANNEL

Code:

N = 10^6; % Number of bits or symbols

rand('state', 100); % Initializing the rand() function

randn('state', 200); % Initializing the randn() function

% Transmitter

ip = rand(1, N) > 0.5; % Generating 0,1 with equal probability

s = 2 * ip - 1; % BPSK modulation: 0 -> -1, 1 -> 1

n = 1/sqrt(2) * (randn(1, N) + 1j * randn(1, N)); % White Gaussian noise, 0 dB variance

Eb_NO_dB = -3:10; % Multiple Eb/No values

% Pre-allocate memory

nErr_AWGN = zeros(1, length(Eb_NO_dB));

nErr_Rayleigh = zeros(1, length(Eb_NO_dB));

for ii = 1:length(Eb_NO_dB)

% Noise addition for AWGN channel

y_AWGN = s + 10^(-Eb_NO_dB(ii) / 20) * n; % Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)

% Rayleigh channel

h = 1/sqrt(2) * (randn(1, N) + 1j * randn(1, N)); % Rayleigh fading coefficients

y_Rayleigh = h .* s + 10^(-Eb_NO_dB(ii) / 20) * n; % Signal through Rayleigh channel

% Equalization in Rayleigh channel

y_equalized = y_Rayleigh ./ h; % Compensating for channel effects


% Receiver - hard decision decoding

ipHat_AWGN = real(y_AWGN) > 0;

ipHat_Rayleigh = real(y_equalized) > 0;

% Counting the errors

nErr_AWGN(ii) = sum(ip ~= ipHat_AWGN);

nErr_Rayleigh(ii) = sum(ip ~= ipHat_Rayleigh);

end

% Simulated BER

simBer_AWGN = nErr_AWGN / N;

simBer_Rayleigh = nErr_Rayleigh / N;

% Theoretical BER

theoryBer_AWGN = 0.5 * erfc(sqrt(10.^(Eb_NO_dB / 10))); % AWGN theoretical BER

theoryBer_Rayleigh = 0.5 * (1 - sqrt(10.^(Eb_NO_dB / 10) ./ (1 + 10.^(Eb_NO_dB / 10)))); % Rayleigh


theoretical BER

% Plot 1: BER for AWGN channel

figure;

semilogy(Eb_NO_dB, theoryBer_AWGN, 'b.-', 'LineWidth', 1.5); hold on;

semilogy(Eb_NO_dB, simBer_AWGN, 'mx-', 'LineWidth', 1.5);

axis([-3 10 10^-5 0.5]);

grid on;

legend('Theory (AWGN)', 'Simulation (AWGN)');

xlabel('Eb/No, dB');

ylabel('Bit Error Rate');

title('Bit error probability curve for BPSK modulation in AWGN channel');

% Plot 2: BER for both AWGN and Rayleigh channels

figure;
semilogy(Eb_NO_dB, theoryBer_AWGN, 'b.-', 'LineWidth', 1.5); hold on;

semilogy(Eb_NO_dB, simBer_AWGN, 'mx-', 'LineWidth', 1.5);

semilogy(Eb_NO_dB, theoryBer_Rayleigh, 'r.-', 'LineWidth', 1.5);

semilogy(Eb_NO_dB, simBer_Rayleigh, 'go-', 'LineWidth', 1.5);

axis([-3 10 10^-5 0.5]);

grid on;

legend('Theory (AWGN)', 'Simulation (AWGN)', 'Theory (Rayleigh)', 'Simulation (Rayleigh)');

xlabel('Eb/No, dB');

ylabel('Bit Error Rate');

title('Bit error probability curve for BPSK modulation in AWGN and Rayleigh channels');

Output:

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