Qr Code Based Attendance System
Qr Code Based Attendance System
ABSTRACT:
In higher education institutions, student participation in the classroom is directly related to their
academic performance. However, the majority of student attendance registration is still
conventionally done, which is tedious and time-consuming, especially for those courses that
involve large numbers of students. Over the years, attendance management has been conducted
manually at most of the universities. To overcome the manual attendance issues, we proposed
and implemented a smart attendance system with the aim to encourage the potential use of the
Quick Response (QR) code as a future attendance management system, to track and record
student attendance in lectures and exercises for all relevant courses, as an aim of this paper.
INTRODUCTION :
Nowadays, it is very important to finish the job fast, learn something new, get higher results as
easy and efficiently as you can. Every sector, especially in the education process and in the
business world, needs management systems that will enable them to have adequate control and
management in the development of learning or work. Considering all these advantages and
benefits, we thought that the process of education at the university, in particular, needs an online
system to manage student attendance. Among others, regular attendance is a basic and most
important criterion throughout the education system. Consequently, the student might lose the
right to sit an exam if attendance criterion is not met. Moreover, if students exceed the number of
allowed absences, they might also lose the right to sit final exams. Given that, the manual
method which is currently used, give space for more calculation errors. We proposed and
developed a better web-based system to help overcome such issues. It is fully responsive to
mobile phones, tablets and various computer systems users.
LITERATURE SURVEY:
Effective and efficient attendance tracking system using secret code
AUTHOR:
T. J. Zhi, Z. Ibrahim, and H. Aris
ABSTRACT:
Students' attendance taking and tracking are important in order to monitor students' performance
in class. More often than not, students' performance is closely related to their attendance. Good
attendance usually leads to good performance and vice versa. Therefore, any problems related to
students' attendance should be identified as early as possible so that appropriate measures can be
taken to address them. However, tracking students' attendance, especially if done manually, can
be tedious and time consuming, especially for classes will large number of students. Not to
mention issues related to attendance taking such as signatures forgery where other students are
signing on behalf of their absence friends. To address this issue, a unique and secure attendance
tracking system is proposed. The system automates most of the steps involved in tracking
students' attendance. To address the issue of signature forgery, secret code using MD5 hashing
algorithm is implemented as part of the system so that each student will be given a unique code
each day to be used for signing attendance. Implementation of the system shows that the time
taken to track students' attendance using this system can be significantly reduced and the secret
code is able to prevent signature forgery amongst students.
EXISTING SYSTEM :
In early years a punch card system was used for data storage, also known as Hollerith cards,
through which companies were able to store and access via entering the card into the computer
system . It is also commonly used nowadays as an attendance system in educational institutions.
Employees wave their individual cards near a reader to punch in and out, ensuring the presence
of the employee. There are quite a number of previous researches in the field of computer
science developed students’ attendance tracking system to improve record taking in class using
different technologies. For example, RFID or near field communication (NFC) technology
1.LESS ACCURACY
2. LOW EFFICIENCY
PROPOSED SYSTEM :
The proposed system by authors on aims to record all student participation based on the
generated unique QR code of each course for each class day. The instructors, in turn, copy this
QR code and paste it on the first slide to be displayed in the lecture. If the instructor policy is to
allow late students in his class and would like to mark them as present or late, then the QR code
should also be copied on one of the four corners of as many slides as the instructor wishes. When
the students are in class, the first thing that should be done is to pull out their smartphones, open
the Mobile Module, and scan the QR code, then the Server Module runs an identity check on the
registered students. This is done by comparing the facial image sent per transaction with the
stored image on file for the student in question, the system will then control the location of
student. Finally, a location check will be performed
1.HIGH ACCURACY
2.HIGH EFFICIENCY
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE:
Objective:
Maintenance of the system is easy and cost effective. Generate the result
quickly.
User friendly.
Problem statement :
Integrating Android device with QR code and SQLite to store attendance results.
There are many proposed methods for Automatic Attendance Systems in the
market. Most of them includes Bluetooth technology,fingerprint sensor,and RFID
(RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION AND DETECTION) . In the section,
we will mention briefly few of these proposals. This Reference proposes software
which has to be installed in the instructor's mobile telephone that enables to query
student’s mobile smartphone via Bluetooth connection and transfers the student’s
mobile smartphone Media Access Control (MAC) addresses to the instructor's
mobile telephone to confirm the presence of the student .T his Reference is another
example on a proposal which employs real time face detection algorithms
integrated on an existing Learning Management System (LMS) which
automatically detects and registers students presence on a lecture. The system
represents a supplemental tool for the instructors, that combines algorithms of
machine learning with many adaptive methods that is used to track facial changes
during a longer period of time. This proposal uses a fingerprint verification
technique which proposes a system that is based on fingerprint verification which
is done by using extraction of minutiae technique and this system automates the
whole process of taking attendance. We noticed that many proposals are involved
by the instructors during class. Hence, if the attendance system requires some
effort from the instructor, then the class lecture will be disturbed every time the
instructor allows the late students into the class. On the other hand, our proposal
does requires the instructor to do nothing beyond just presenting the slides of the
course to students. Hence, students may have to register their presence in the
classroom at any time during the class,
PURPOSE :
QR code (abbreviated from Quick Response Code) is the trademark for the matrix
of barcode ( two-dimensional bar code) which is was first designed by the
automotive industry in Japan. Bar codes are optical machine-readable labels that
are attached to items which records the information related to the items. It was
initially patented but however, its patent holder has chosen not to exercise those
rights. On recent times ,QR Code system has become popular outside the
automotive industry due to its fast readability and greater storage capacity
compared to the standard UPC barcodes. This code contains black modules (square
dots) arranged in a square grid on a white background. The information encoded is
made up of four standardized types ( or "modes") of data (numeric, alphanumeric,
byte , Kanji) virtually of any type of data is contained. QR code, as shown in Fig.1
is read by an imaging device, such as a camera,.scanner application and formatted
by algorithms by the underlying software Reed-Solomon error correction such that
the image can be appropriately interpreted. Data is then extracted from the patterns
present both in horizontal and vertical components of the image. The QR features
are listed in table 1. Figure shows a sample of an unencrypted QR code that will be
needed by the proposed system
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
HARD REQUIRMENTS :
System : i3 or above.
Ram : 4 GB.
Hard Disk : 40 GB
SOFTWARE REQUIRMENTS :
ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
SOCIAL FEASIBILITY
ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
This study is carried out to check the economic impact that the system will have on the
organization. The amount of fund that the company can pour into the research and development
of the system is limited. The expenditures must be justified. Thus the developed system as well
within the budget and this was achieved because most of the technologies used are freely
available. Only the customized products had to be purchased.
TECHNICAL FEASIBILI
This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that is, the technical requirements of
the system. Any system developed must not have a high demand on the available technical
resources. This will lead to high demands on the available technical resources. This will lead to
high demands being placed on the client. The developed system must have a modest
requirement, as only minimal or null changes are required for implementing this system.
SOCIAL FEASIBILITY
The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user. This includes
the process of training the user to use the system efficiently. The user must not feel threatened by
the system, instead must accept it as a necessity. The level of acceptance by the users solely
depends on the methods that are employed to educate the user about the system and to make him
familiar with it. His level of confidence must be raised so that he is also able to make some
constructive criticism, which is welcomed, as he is the final user of the system.
4.SYSTEM DESIGN :
4.1 .UML DIAGRAMS :
username
password
Admin
employee login
QR code scanner
USECASE DESCRIPTION :
2.ANALYSIS WORKFLOW :
2.Behavior is represented.
4. Data, functional, and behavioral models are divided to uncover greater detail.
5.Early models represent the essence of the problem, while later ones provide implementation
details.
CLASS DIAGRAM :
admin
username
password
employee login()
QR code scanner()
SEQUENCE DIAGRAM :
user dataset
admin
employee login
It is the analysis of flow of data in control flow graph, i.e., the analysis that determines
the information regarding the definition and use of data in program. With the help of this
analysis, optimization can be done. In general, its process in which values are computed using
data flow analysis. The data flow property represents information that can be used for
optimization.
Basic Terminologies –
MODULE DIAGRAM
MODULE DESCRIPTION
1) Admin module: admin can login to application by using username and password as
‘admin’ and ‘admin’ and then can ADD New Employee Details and then application will
generate QR CODE on EMPLOYEE ID and then admin can download that image and
give to employee and employee can show that image to QR CODE scanner to mark
attendance. Admin can view all employee details and then can view employee attendance
by using start and end date.
2) Employee Login Module: employee can login to system by using his ID and can view his
attendance from start and end date selection
3) QR CODE WEBCAM SCANNER: employee has to show his QR CODE image from his
mobile to webcam and then webcam will read QR CODE and mark attendance. Only one
attendance for each employee for each day will be marked.
SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT :
What is Python :
Python is currently the most widely used multi-purpose, high-level programming language.
Programmers have to type relatively less and indentation requirement of the language,
makes them readable all the time.
Python language is being used by almost all tech-giant companies like – Google,
Amazon, Facebook, Instagram, Dropbox, Uber… etc.
The biggest strength of Python is huge collection of standard library which can be used
for the following –
Machine Learning
GUI Applications (like Kivy, Tkinter, PyQt etc. )
Web frameworks like Django (used by YouTube, Instagram, Dropbox)
Image processing (like Opencv, Pillow)
Web scraping (like Scrapy, BeautifulSoup, Selenium)
Test frameworks
Multimedia
Advantages of Python :-
Let’s see how Python dominates over other languages.
1. Extensive Libraries
Python downloads with an extensive library and it contain code for various purposes like
regular expressions, documentation-generation, unit-testing, web browsers, threading,
databases, CGI, email, image manipulation, and more. So, we don’t have to write the
complete code for that manually.
2. Extensible
As we have seen earlier, Python can be extended to other languages. You can write some
of your code in languages like C++ or C. This comes in handy, especially in projects.
3. Embeddable
Complimentary to extensibility, Python is embeddable as well. You can put your Python
code in your source code of a different language, like C++. This lets us add scripting
capabilities to our code in the other language.
4. Improved Productivity
The language’s simplicity and extensive libraries render programmers more productive than
languages like Java and C++ do. Also, the fact that you need to write less and get more
things done.
5. IOT Opportunities
Since Python forms the basis of new platforms like Raspberry Pi, it finds the future bright for
the Internet Of Things. This is a way to connect the language with the real world.
When working with Java, you may have to create a class to print ‘Hello World’. But in
Python, just a print statement will do. It is also quite easy to learn, understand, and code.
This is why when people pick up Python, they have a hard time adjusting to other more
verbose languages like Java.
7. Readable
Because it is not such a verbose language, reading Python is much like reading English.
This is the reason why it is so easy to learn, understand, and code. It also does not need
curly braces to define blocks, and indentation is mandatory. This further aids the
readability of the code.
8. Object-Oriented
This language supports both the procedural and object-oriented programming paradigms.
While functions help us with code reusability, classes and objects let us model the real
world. A class allows the encapsulation of data and functions into one.
10. Portable
When you code your project in a language like C++, you may need to make some changes
to it if you want to run it on another platform. But it isn’t the same with Python. Here, you
need to code only once, and you can run it anywhere. This is called Write Once Run
Anywhere (WORA). However, you need to be careful enough not to include any system-
dependent features.
11. Interpreted
Lastly, we will say that it is an interpreted language. Since statements are executed one by
one, debugging is easier than in compiled languages.
Any doubts till now in the advantages of Python? Mention in the comment section.
Advantages of Python Over Other Languages :
1. Less Coding
Almost all of the tasks done in Python requires less coding when the same task is done in
other languages. Python also has an awesome standard library support, so you don’t have to
search for any third-party libraries to get your job done. This is the reason that many people
suggest learning Python to beginners.
2. Affordable
Python is free therefore individuals, small companies or big organizations can leverage the
free available resources to build applications. Python is popular and widely used so it gives
you better community support.
The 2019 Github annual survey showed us that Python has overtaken Java in the most
popular programming language category.
Disadvantages of Python
So far, we’ve seen why Python is a great choice for your project. But if you choose it, you
should be aware of its consequences as well. Let’s now see the downsides of choosing
Python over another language.
1. Speed Limitations
We have seen that Python code is executed line by line. But since Python is interpreted, it
often results in slow execution. This, however, isn’t a problem unless speed is a focal point
for the project. In other words, unless high speed is a requirement, the benefits offered by
Python are enough to distract us from its speed limitations.
3. Design Restrictions
As you know, Python is dynamically-typed. This means that you don’t need to declare the
type of variable while writing the code. It uses duck-typing. But wait, what’s that? Well, it
just means that if it looks like a duck, it must be a duck. While this is easy on the
programmers during coding, it can raise run-time errors.
5. Simple
No, we’re not kidding. Python’s simplicity can indeed be a problem. Take my example. I
don’t do Java, I’m more of a Python person. To me, its syntax is so simple that the verbosity
of Java code seems unnecessary.
This was all about the Advantages and Disadvantages of Python Programming Language.
History of Python : -
What do the alphabet and the programming language Python have in common? Right, both
start with ABC. If we are talking about ABC in the Python context, it's clear that the
programming language ABC is meant. ABC is a general-purpose programming language and
programming environment, which had been developed in the Netherlands, Amsterdam, at the
CWI (Centrum Wiskunde &Informatica). The greatest achievement of ABC was to influence
the design of Python.Python was conceptualized in the late 1980s. Guido van Rossum
worked that time in a project at the CWI, called Amoeba, a distributed operating system. In
an interview with Bill Venners1, Guido van Rossum said: "In the early 1980s, I worked as an
implementer on a team building a language called ABC at Centrum voor Wiskunde en
Informatica (CWI). I don't know how well people know ABC's influence on Python. I try to
mention ABC's influence because I'm indebted to everything I learned during that project
and to the people who worked on it."Later on in the same Interview, Guido van Rossum
continued: "I remembered all my experience and some of my frustration with ABC. I
decided to try to design a simple scripting language that possessed some of ABC's better
properties, but without its problems. So I started typing. I created a simple virtual machine, a
simple parser, and a simple runtime. I made my own version of the various ABC parts that I
liked. I created a basic syntax, used indentation for statement grouping instead of curly
braces or begin-end blocks, and developed a small number of powerful data types: a hash
table (or dictionary, as we call it), a list, strings, and numbers."
What is Machine Learning : -
Before we take a look at the details of various machine learning methods, let's start by
looking at what machine learning is, and what it isn't. Machine learning is often categorized
as a subfield of artificial intelligence, but I find that categorization can often be misleading at
first brush. The study of machine learning certainly arose from research in this context, but
in the data science application of machine learning methods, it's more helpful to think of
machine learning as a means of building models of data.
At the most fundamental level, machine learning can be categorized into two main types:
supervised learning and unsupervised learning.
Supervised learning involves somehow modeling the relationship between measured features
of data and some label associated with the data; once this model is determined, it can be used
to apply labels to new, unknown data. This is further subdivided into classification tasks
and regression tasks: in classification, the labels are discrete categories, while in regression,
the labels are continuous quantities. We will see examples of both types of supervised
learning in the following section.
Unsupervised learning involves modeling the features of a dataset without reference to any
label, and is often described as "letting the dataset speak for itself." These models include
tasks such as clustering and dimensionality reduction. Clustering algorithms identify distinct
groups of data, while dimensionality reduction algorithms search for more succinct
representations of the data. We will see examples of both types of unsupervised learning in
the following section.
Lately, organizations are investing heavily in newer technologies like Artificial Intelligence,
Machine Learning and Deep Learning to get the key information from data to perform
several real-world tasks and solve problems. We can call it data-driven decisions taken by
machines, particularly to automate the process. These data-driven decisions can be used,
instead of using programing logic, in the problems that cannot be programmed inherently.
The fact is that we can’t do without human intelligence, but other aspect is that we all need
to solve real-world problems with efficiency at a huge scale. That is why the need for
machine learning arises.
While Machine Learning is rapidly evolving, making significant strides with cybersecurity
and autonomous cars, this segment of AI as whole still has a long way to go. The reason
behind is that ML has not been able to overcome number of challenges. The challenges that
ML is facing currently are −
Quality of data − Having good-quality data for ML algorithms is one of the biggest
challenges. Use of low-quality data leads to the problems related to data preprocessing and
feature extraction.
Time-Consuming task − Another challenge faced by ML models is the consumption of time
especially for data acquisition, feature extraction and retrieval.
No clear objective for formulating business problems − Having no clear objective and
well-defined goal for business problems is another key challenge for ML because this
technology is not that mature yet.
Curse of dimensionality − Another challenge ML model faces is too many features of data
points. This can be a real hindrance.
Machine Learning is the most rapidly growing technology and according to researchers we
are in the golden year of AI and ML. It is used to solve many real-world complex problems
which cannot be solved with traditional approach. Following are some real-world applications
of ML −
Emotion analysis
Sentiment analysis
Speech synthesis
Speech recognition
Customer segmentation
Object recognition
Fraud detection
Fraud prevention
This is a rough roadmap you can follow on your way to becoming an insanely talented
Machine Learning Engineer. Of course, you can always modify the steps according to your
needs to reach your desired end-goal!
In case you are a genius, you could start ML directly but normally, there are some
prerequisites that you need to know which include Linear Algebra, Multivariate Calculus,
Statistics, and Python. And if you don’t know these, never fear! You don’t need a Ph.D.
degree in these topics to get started but you do need a basic understanding.
Both Linear Algebra and Multivariate Calculus are important in Machine Learning. However,
the extent to which you need them depends on your role as a data scientist. If you are more
focused on application heavy machine learning, then you will not be that heavily focused on
maths as there are many common libraries available. But if you want to focus on R&D in
Machine Learning, then mastery of Linear Algebra and Multivariate Calculus is very
important as you will have to implement many ML algorithms from scratch.
Data plays a huge role in Machine Learning. In fact, around 80% of your time as an ML
expert will be spent collecting and cleaning data. And statistics is a field that handles the
collection, analysis, and presentation of data. So it is no surprise that you need to learn it!!!
Some of the key concepts in statistics that are important are Statistical Significance,
Probability Distributions, Hypothesis Testing, Regression, etc. Also, Bayesian Thinking is
also a very important part of ML which deals with various concepts like Conditional
Probability, Priors, and Posteriors, Maximum Likelihood, etc.
Some people prefer to skip Linear Algebra, Multivariate Calculus and Statistics and learn
them as they go along with trial and error. But the one thing that you absolutely cannot skip
is Python! While there are other languages you can use for Machine Learning like R, Scala,
etc. Python is currently the most popular language for ML. In fact, there are many Python
libraries that are specifically useful for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning such
as Keras, TensorFlow, Scikit-learn, etc.
So if you want to learn ML, it’s best if you learn Python! You can do that using various
online resources and courses such as Fork Python available Free on GeeksforGeeks.
Now that you are done with the prerequisites, you can move on to actually learning ML
(Which is the fun part!!!) It’s best to start with the basics and then move on to the more
complicated stuff. Some of the basic concepts in ML are:
(a) Terminologies of Machine Learning
Model – A model is a specific representation learned from data by applying some machine
learning algorithm. A model is also called a hypothesis.
Feature – A feature is an individual measurable property of the data. A set of numeric
features can be conveniently described by a feature vector. Feature vectors are fed as input to
the model. For example, in order to predict a fruit, there may be features like color, smell,
taste, etc.
Target (Label) – A target variable or label is the value to be predicted by our model. For the
fruit example discussed in the feature section, the label with each set of input would be the
name of the fruit like apple, orange, banana, etc.
Training – The idea is to give a set of inputs(features) and it’s expected outputs(labels), so
after training, we will have a model (hypothesis) that will then map new data to one of the
categories trained on.
Prediction – Once our model is ready, it can be fed a set of inputs to which it will provide a
predicted output(label).
Supervised Learning – This involves learning from a training dataset with labeled data using
classification and regression models. This learning process continues until the required level of
performance is achieved.
Unsupervised Learning – This involves using unlabelled data and then finding the underlying
structure in the data in order to learn more and more about the data itself using factor and
cluster analysis models.
Semi-supervised Learning – This involves using unlabelled data like Unsupervised Learning
with a small amount of labeled data. Using labeled data vastly increases the learning accuracy
and is also more cost-effective than Supervised Learning.
Reinforcement Learning – This involves learning optimal actions through trial and error. So
the next action is decided by learning behaviors that are based on the current state and that will
maximize the reward in the future.
Advantages of Machine learning :-
Machine Learning can review large volumes of data and discover specific trends and patterns
that would not be apparent to humans. For instance, for an e-commerce website like Amazon, it
serves to understand the browsing behaviors and purchase histories of its users to help cater to
the right products, deals, and reminders relevant to them. It uses the results to reveal relevant
advertisements to them.
With ML, you don’t need to babysit your project every step of the way. Since it means giving
machines the ability to learn, it lets them make predictions and also improve the algorithms on
their own. A common example of this is anti-virus softwares; they learn to filter new threats as
they are recognized. ML is also good at recognizing spam.
3. Continuous Improvement
As ML algorithms gain experience, they keep improving in accuracy and efficiency. This lets
them make better decisions. Say you need to make a weather forecast model. As the amount of
data you have keeps growing, your algorithms learn to make more accurate predictions faster.
Machine Learning algorithms are good at handling data that are multi-dimensional and multi-
variety, and they can do this in dynamic or uncertain environments.
5. Wide Applications
You could be an e-tailer or a healthcare provider and make ML work for you. Where it does
apply, it holds the capability to help deliver a much more personal experience to customers
while also targeting the right customers.
Disadvantages of Machine Learning :-
1. Data Acquisition
Machine Learning requires massive data sets to train on, and these should be
inclusive/unbiased, and of good quality. There can also be times where they must wait for new
data to be generated.
ML needs enough time to let the algorithms learn and develop enough to fulfill their purpose
with a considerable amount of accuracy and relevancy. It also needs massive resources to
function. This can mean additional requirements of computer power for you.
3. Interpretation of Results
Another major challenge is the ability to accurately interpret results generated by the
algorithms. You must also carefully choose the algorithms for your purpose.
4. High error-susceptibility
Machine Learning is autonomous but highly susceptible to errors. Suppose you train an
algorithm with data sets small enough to not be inclusive. You end up with biased predictions
coming from a biased training set. This leads to irrelevant advertisements being displayed to
customers. In the case of ML, such blunders can set off a chain of errors that can go undetected
for long periods of time. And when they do get noticed, it takes quite some time to recognize
the source of the issue, and even longer to correct it.
Guido Van Rossum published the first version of Python code (version 0.9.0) at alt.sources in
February 1991. This release included already exception handling, functions, and the core data
types of list, dict, str and others. It was also object oriented and had a module system.
Python version 1.0 was released in January 1994. The major new features included in this
release were the functional programming tools lambda, map, filter and reduce, which Guido
Van Rossum never liked.Six and a half years later in October 2000, Python 2.0 was
introduced. This release included list comprehensions, a full garbage collector and it was
supporting unicode.Python flourished for another 8 years in the versions 2.x before the next
major release as Python 3.0 (also known as "Python 3000" and "Py3K") was released. Python
3 is not backwards compatible with Python 2.x. The emphasis in Python 3 had been on the
removal of duplicate programming constructs and modules, thus fulfilling or coming close to
fulfilling the 13th law of the Zen of Python: "There should be one -- and preferably only one --
obvious way to do it."Some changes in Python 7.3:
Purpose :-
Python
Python features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management. It supports
multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional and
procedural, and has a large and comprehensive standard library.
Python is Interpreted − Python is processed at runtime by the interpreter. You do not need to
compile your program before executing it. This is similar to PERL and PHP.
Python is Interactive − you can actually sit at a Python prompt and interact with the interpreter
directly to write your programs.
Python also acknowledges that speed of development is important. Readable and terse code
is part of this, and so is access to powerful constructs that avoid tedious repetition of code.
Maintainability also ties into this may be an all but useless metric, but it does say something
about how much code you have to scan, read and/or understand to troubleshoot problems or
tweak behaviors. This speed of development, the ease with which a programmer of other
languages can pick up basic Python skills and the huge standard library is key to another area
where Python excels. All its tools have been quick to implement, saved a lot of time, and
several of them have later been patched and updated by people with no Python background -
without breaking.
Tensorflow
TensorFlow is a free and open-source software library for dataflow and differentiable
programming across a range of tasks. It is a symbolic math library, and is also used
for machine learning applications such as neural networks. It is used for both research and
production at Google.
TensorFlow was developed by the Google Brain team for internal Google use. It was
released under the Apache 2.0 open-source license on November 9, 2015.
Numpy
It is the fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. It contains various
features including these important ones:
Pandas
Matplotlib
For simple plotting the pyplot module provides a MATLAB-like interface, particularly when
combined with IPython. For the power user, you have full control of line styles, font
properties, axes properties, etc, via an object oriented interface or via a set of functions
familiar to MATLAB users.
Scikit – learn
Scikit-learn provides a range of supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms via a
consistent interface in Python. It is licensed under a permissive simplified BSD license and is
distributed under many Linux distributions, encouraging academic and commercial use.
Python
Python features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management. It supports
multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional and
procedural, and has a large and comprehensive standard library.
Python is Interpreted − Python is processed at runtime by the interpreter. You do not need to
compile your program before executing it. This is similar to PERL and PHP.
Python is Interactive − you can actually sit at a Python prompt and interact with the interpreter
directly to write your programs.
Python also acknowledges that speed of development is important. Readable and terse code
is part of this, and so is access to powerful constructs that avoid tedious repetition of code.
Maintainability also ties into this may be an all but useless metric, but it does say something
about how much code you have to scan, read and/or understand to troubleshoot problems or
tweak behaviors. This speed of development, the ease with which a programmer of other
languages can pick up basic Python skills and the huge standard library is key to another area
where Python excels. All its tools have been quick to implement, saved a lot of time, and
several of them have later been patched and updated by people with no Python background -
without breaking.
There have been several updates in the Python version over the years. The question is how to
install Python? It might be confusing for the beginner who is willing to start learning Python but
this tutorial will solve your query. The latest or the newest version of Python is version 3.7.4 or
in other words, it is Python 3.
Note: The python version 3.7.4 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier devices.
Before you start with the installation process of Python. First, you need to know about
your System Requirements. Based on your system type i.e. operating system and based
processor, you must download the python version. My system type is a Windows 64-bit
operating system. So the steps below are to install python version 3.7.4 on Windows 7 device
or to install Python 3. Download the Python Cheatsheet here.The steps on how to install Python
on Windows 10, 8 and 7 are divided into 4 parts to help understand better.
Step 1: Go to the official site to download and install python using Google Chrome or any other
web browser. OR Click on the following link: https://www.python.org
Now, check for the latest and the correct version for your operating system.
Step 3: You can either select the Download Python for windows 3.7.4 button in Yellow Color
or you can scroll further down and click on download with respective to their version. Here, we
are downloading the most recent python version for windows 3.7.4
Step 4: Scroll down the page until you find the Files option.
Step 5: Here you see a different version of python along with the operating system.
• To download Windows 32-bit python, you can select any one from the three options:
Windows x86 embeddable zip file, Windows x86 executable installer or Windows x86 web-
based installer.
•To download Windows 64-bit python, you can select any one from the three options: Windows
x86-64 embeddable zip file, Windows x86-64 executable installer or Windows x86-64 web-
based installer.
Here we will install Windows x86-64 web-based installer. Here your first part regarding which
version of python is to be downloaded is completed. Now we move ahead with the second part
in installing python i.e. Installation
Note: To know the changes or updates that are made in the version you can click on the Release
Note Option.
Installation of Python
Step 1: Go to Download and Open the downloaded python version to carry out the installation
process.
Step 2: Before you click on Install Now, Make sure to put a tick on Add Python 3.7 to PATH.
Step 3: Click on Install NOW After the installation is successful. Click on Close.
With these above three steps on python installation, you have successfully and correctly
installed Python. Now is the time to verify the installation.
Note: The installation process might take a couple of minutes.
Step 3: Click on IDLE (Python 3.7 64-bit) and launch the program
Step 4: To go ahead with working in IDLE you must first save the file. Click on File > Click
on Save
Step 5: Name the file and save as type should be Python files. Click on SAVE. Here I have
named the files as Hey World.
Step 6: Now for e.g. enter print
6.SYSTEM TEST
The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover every
conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the functionality of
components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is the process of exercising
software with the intent of ensuring that the Software system meets its requirements and user
expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each
test type addresses a specific testing requirement.
TYPES OF TESTS
Unit testing
Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal
program logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All
decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual
software units of the application .it is done after the completion of an individual unit before
integration. This is a structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is
invasive. Unit tests perform basic tests at component level and test a specific business process,
application, and/or system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business
process performs accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs
and expected results.
Integration testing
Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to
determine if they actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned
with the basic outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the
components were individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the
combination of components is correct and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at
exposing the problems that arise from the combination of components.
Functional test
Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as
specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation, and user manuals.
Functional testing is centered on the following items:
System Test
System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets
requirements. It tests a configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An example of
system testing is the configuration oriented system integration test. System testing is based on
process descriptions and flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points.
White Box Testing
White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester has
knowledge of the inner workings, structure and language of the software, or at least its purpose.
It is purpose. It is used to test areas that cannot be reached from a black box level.
Unit Testing
Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test phase
of the software lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit testing to be
conducted as two distinct phases.
Field testing will be performed manually and functional tests will be written in
detail.
Test objectives
All field entries must work properly.
Pages must be activated from the identified link.
The entry screen, messages and responses must not be delayed.
Features to be tested
Verify that the entries are of the correct format
No duplicate entries should be allowed
All links should take the user to the correct page.
Integration Testing
Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing of two or more
integrated software components on a single platform to produce failures caused by interface
defects.
The task of the integration test is to check that components or software applications, e.g.
components in a software system or – one step up – software applications at the company level –
interact without error.
Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.
Acceptance Testing
User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant participation
by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional requirements.
Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.
TESTING
6.1 SOFTWARETESTING
Testing
Testingisaprocessofexecutingaprogramwiththeaimoffindingerror.Tomake
oursoftware perform well it should be error free. If testing is done
successfully it will remove all the errors from thesoftware.
1. White BoxTesting
2. Black BoxTesting
3. Unit testing
4. IntegrationTesting
5. AlphaTesting
6. BetaTesting
White BoxTesting
Testing technique based on knowledge of the internal logic of an
application's code and includes tests like coverage of code statements,
branches, paths, conditions. It is performedbysoftwaredevelopers
Black BoxTesting
Unit Testing
IntegrationTesting
BetaTesting
Final testing before releasing application for commercial purpose. It is
typically done by end- users or others.
PerformanceTesting
Black BoxTesting
When applied to machine learning models, black box testing would mean
testing machine learning models without knowing the internal details
such as features of the machine learning
model, the algorithm used to create the model etc. The challenge,
however, is to verify the test outcome against the expected values that are
known beforehand.
The model gives out the correct output when different inputs are given
which are mentioned in Table 4.1. Therefore the program is said to be
executed as expected or correct program
Testing
Testingisaprocessofexecutingaprogramwiththeaimoffindingerror.Tomakeoursoft
ware perform well it should be error free. If testing is done successfully it will
remove all the errors from thesoftware.
1. White BoxTesting
2. Black BoxTesting
3. Unit testing
4. IntegrationTesting
5. AlphaTesting
6. BetaTesting
White BoxTesting
Black BoxTesting
A method of software testing that verifies the functionality of an application
without having
specificknowledgeoftheapplication'scode/internalstructure.Testsarebasedonrequi
rementsandfunctionality.
Unit Testing
IntegrationTesting
BetaTesting
PerformanceTesting
Functional testing conducted to evaluate the compliance of a system or
component with specified performance requirements. It is usually conducted by
the performance engineer.
Black BoxTesting
The above Fig.4.2 represents the black box testing procedure for machine
learning algorithms.
[16,7,263,7,0,2,700,9,10,1153,832,9,2 1 1
]
The model gives out the correct output when different inputs are given which are
mentioned in Table 4.1. Therefore the program is said to be executed as
expected or correct program
Test Test Case Test Case Test Steps Test Test
Cas Name Description Step Expected Actual Case Priorit
e Id Statu Y
s
01 Start the Host the If it We The High High
Applicatio application doesn't cannot application
N and test if Start run the hosts
it
starts applicati success.
making on.
sure
the
required
software is
available
02 Home Check the If it We The High High
Page
deploymen doesn’t cannot application
t
environme load. access is running
n
t for the successfull
y
properly applicati .
loading the on.
application.
03 User Verify the If it We The High High
Mode working of doesn’t cannot application
the Respond use the displays
the
application Freestyle Freestyle
in freestyle mode. Page
mode
04 Data Input Verify if If it fails We The High High
the
application to take cannot application
the
takes input input or proceed updates the
and store in further input to
updates application
The
Database
IMPLEMENTED WORKFLOW :
SOURCE CODE :
import os
import pymysql
import datetime
import pyqrcode
import png
global username
def test(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
global username
if request.method == 'POST':
else:
def AdminLogin(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
def UserLogin(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
if request.method == 'GET':
def AddEmp(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
def ViewEmpAttendanceAction(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
presence_days = 0
salary = 0
output += "<tr>"
for i in range(len(columns)):
output += "<th>"+font+columns[i]+"</th>"
output += "</tr>"
with con:
cur = con.cursor()
rows = cur.fetchall()
salary = row[0]
break
with con:
cur = con.cursor()
rows = cur.fetchall()
presence_days = presence_days + 1
output += "<tr>"
output += "<td>"+font+str(row[0])+"</td>"
output += "<td>"+font+str(row[1])+"</td></tr>"
def ViewEmpAttendance(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
with con:
cur = con.cursor()
rows = cur.fetchall()
output += "</select></td></tr>"
def ViewAttendance(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
def ViewAttendanceAction(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
global username
empid = username
presence_days = 0
salary = 0
output += "<tr>"
for i in range(len(columns)):
output += "<th>"+font+columns[i]+"</th>"
output += "</tr>"
with con:
cur = con.cursor()
rows = cur.fetchall()
salary = row[0]
break
with con:
cur = con.cursor()
rows = cur.fetchall()
presence_days = presence_days + 1
output += "<tr>"
output += "<td>"+font+str(row[0])+"</td>"
output += "<td>"+font+str(row[1])+"</td></tr>"
def ViewEmp(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
output += "<tr>"
for i in range(len(columns)):
output += "<th>"+font+columns[i]+"</th>"
output += "</tr>"
with con:
cur = con.cursor()
rows = cur.fetchall()
for row in rows:
output += "<tr>"
output += "<td>"+font+str(row[0])+"</td>"
output += "<td>"+font+str(row[1])+"</td>"
output += "<td>"+font+str(row[2])+"</td>"
output += "<td>"+font+str(row[3])+"</td>"
output += "<td>"+font+str(row[4])+"</td></tr>"
def UserLoginAction(request):
global username
if request.method == 'POST':
index = 0
emp_name = None
with con:
cur = con.cursor()
if row[0] == username:
emp_name = row[1]
index = 1
break
if index == 1:
else:
def DownloadAction(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
global username
data = infile.read()
infile.close()
return response
def AddEmpAction(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
global username
output = "none"
with con:
cur = con.cursor()
rows = cur.fetchall()
if row[0] == empid:
if output == 'none':
db_cursor = db_connection.cursor()
db_cursor.execute(student_sql_query)
db_connection.commit()
url = pyqrcode.create(ids)
url.png('EmployeeAttendance/static/qrcodes/'+ids+'.png', scale = 6)
username = ids
if db_cursor.rowcount == 1:
context= {'data':output}
SCREENSHOTS :
In above screen click on ‘Admin Login’ link to get below login screen
In above screen admin is login and after login will get below screen
In above screen admin can click on ‘Add New Employee Details’ link to get below
screen to add employee details
In above screen admin is adding NEW Employee Details and then press button to
get below screen
In above screen employee details added and now click on ‘Click Here to Download
QR Code Image’ button to download QR image and get below output
In above screen in browser status bar we can see QR image is downloaded and
admin will give this image to employee and he can saved this image in mobile and
then can show this image from his mobile to WEBCAM to mark his attendance
and now open that image and view QR CODE like below screen
In above screen we can see QR code and now in application click on ‘View
Employee Details’ link to get below details
In above screen admin can view all employee details and now to mark attendance
double click on ‘RunWebCam.bat’ file to get below screen
In above screen click on ‘Start Webcam’ button to start web cam and get below
screen
In above screen webcam started and now employee has to show QRCODE from
his mobile like below screen and once QR code detected then system will mark
attendance
In above screen to webcam I am showing QRCODE and once detected then will
get below screen
In above screen we got dialog box saying ‘attendance saved in database’ and each
employee each day only one time webcam will scan his QRCODE and if he want
again then delete all rows from database. Now go to previous application and then
click on ‘View Attendance’ link like in below screen
In above view attendance screen admin can view all employee names in drop down
box and he can select desired employee name and then choose start and end date
like below screen
In above screen admin selected employee id and then select start and end date and
then press ‘get Attendance’ button to get below screen
In above screen in first column we can see employee ID and in second column we
can see date on which he was present and in last column we can see his payable
salary by calculating all present days. Now logout and login as employee
In above screen employee can login by using his ID and then press button to get
below screen
In above screen employee can click on ‘View Your Attendance’ link to get below
screen
In above screen employee can select start and end date and then press button to
view his attendance for selected days
In above screen employee can view all present days date and current payable
salary.
Similarly you can add any number of employees and go for attendance and view it
algoritham
The developed system presented in this paper has been successfully designed and tested.
The student’s attendance status will be analysed and exported. Attendance monitoring system
is very important in our daily life. It is possesses a really great advantage, among the whole
types of code scanning technology, QR Code Based Smart Attendance System is the most
accurate. In this project report, we have given an introduction of Attendance monitoring
system and its advantage. It is an efficient method to store the attendance in the smart phone
rather than wasting the paper.
URL listing
Our future work will focus on providing missed class topics and notes available to
students. Full control to professor with more secured and enhanced options. Finally we
conclude, if we integrates this attendance monitoring system with face identification tool then
system will solve the real world attendance problem.
Refarences