GCE A LEVEL

A420QS

PHYSICS – A level
FRIDAY, 8 JUNE 2018 – MORNING

Data Booklet

A clean copy of this booklet should be issued to candidates for their use during each A level
component 2 Physics examination.

Centres are asked to issue this booklet to candidates at the start of the course to enable them
to become familiar with its contents and layout.

Values and Conversions

Avogadro constant NA = 6·02 × 1023 mol–1
Fundamental electronic charge e = 1·60 × 10–19 C
Mass of an electron me = 9·11 × 10–31 kg
Molar gas constant R = 8·31 J mol–1 K–1
Acceleration due to gravity at sea level g = 9·81 m s–2
Gravitational field strength at sea level g = 9·81 N kg–1
Universal constant of gravitation G = 6·67 × 10–11 N m 2 kg–2
Planck constant h = 6·63 × 10–34 J s
Boltzmann constant k = 1·38 × 10–23 J K–1
Speed of light in vacuo c = 3·00 × 108 m s–1
Permittivity of free space εo = 8·85 × 10–12 F m–1
Permeability of free space μo = 4� × 10–7 H m–1
Stefan constant σ = 5·67 × 10– 8 W m–2 K– 4
Wien constant W = 2·90 × 10–3 m K
Hubble constant H0 = 2·20 × 10– 18 s–1

T/K = θ /°C + 273·15

1 parsec = 3·09 × 1016 m
1 u = 1·66 × 10–27 kg
1 eV = 1·60 × 10–19 J
1 ≈ 9 .0 × 109 F –1 m
4πε 0
© WJEC CBAC Ltd. BE*(S18-A420U20-1A)
 2

ρ= m T = 2π l
V g
v = u + at pV = nRT and pV = NkT

x = 1 ( u + v )t p = 1 ρ c = 1 N mc
2 2
2 3 3V
Mr
x = ut + 1 at 2 M / kg =
2 1000
v 2 = u2 + 2 ax n = total mass
molar mass
∑ F = ma k= R
NA

p = mv U = 3 nRT = 3 NkT
2 2

W = Fx cosθ W = p∆V

∆E = mg∆h ∆U = Q – W

E = 1 kx 2 Q = mc∆θ
2

E = 1 mv 2 ∆Q
2 I =
∆t
Fx = 1 mv 2 – 1 mu2 I = nAve
2 2

P = W = ∆E R=V
t t I
useful energy transfer 2
efficiency =
total energy in
nput
× 100% P = IV = I 2 R = V
R
ρl
ω=θ R=
t A
v = ωr V = E – Ir

V ⎡ VOUT ⎤ R
a = ω 2r ⎢or V ⎥ = R
Vtotal ⎣ IN ⎦ total
2 Q
a=v C=
r V
2 ε A
F = mv C= 0
r d
E= V
F = mω 2r d
a = –ω 2 x U = 1 QV
2
⎛ – t ⎞
x = A cos(ω t + ε ) Q = Q0 ⎜ 1 – e RC ⎟
⎝ ⎠
T = 2π Q = Q0 e
– t
RC
ω
v = – Aω sin(ω t + ε ) F = kx

T = 2π m σ = F
k A
© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (A420U20-1A)
 3

ε = ∆l n=c
l v
E=σ n1v1 = n2v2
ε
W = 1 Fx n1 sinθ1 = n2 sinθ2
2

F = 1 Q1Q2 n1 sin θ C = n2
4 πε 0 r 2
MM
F = G 12 2 Ek max = hf – φ
r
Q
E= 1 2 p= h
4 πε 0 r λ

g = GM A = λN
r2
Q
VE = 1 N = N0e– λt
4 πε 0 r

PE = 1 Q1Q2 A = A 0 e– λt
4 πε 0 r
N0
Vg = – GM N =
r 2x
GM1M2 A0
PE = – A=
r 2x
1n
n22
W = qΔVE λ=
T1
2
2
W = mΔVg leptons quarks
λmax = W particle electron electron up down
T neutrino
(symbol) (e –) (ve ) (u) (d)
P = AσT 4
charge
Δλ = v –1 0 +2 –1
(e) 3 3
λ c
lepton
1 1 0 0
v = H0 D number

3H 0 2
ρc = E = mc 2
8 πG
M2
r1 = d F = BIl sin θ
M1 + M2
3
T = 2π d F = Bqv sin θ
G(M1 + M2 )
µ0 I
T = 1 B=
f 2 πa
c = fλ B = µ0 nI
a∆y
λ= Φ = AB cos θ
D
d sinθ = nλ flux linkage = NΦ

© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (A420U20-1A) Turn over.

 4
Mathematical Information

SI multipliers

Multiple Prefix Symbol Multiple Prefix Symbol

10 –18 atto a 103 kilo k
–15 6
10 femto f 10 mega M
10 –12 pico p 10 9 giga G
10 –9 nano n 1012 tera T
10 –6 micro μ 1015 peta P
10 –3 milli m 1018 exa E
10 –2 centi c 1021 zetta Z

Areas and Volumes

2
�d
Area of a circle = � r2 = Area of a triangle = 1 base × height
4 2

Solid Surface area Volume

rectangular block 2 (lh + hb + lb) lbh

cylinder 2� r (r + h) � r2 h

sphere 4� r2 4 � r3
3

Trigonometry
P

θ
R Q

PQ QR PQ sinθ
sinθ = , cosθ = , tanθ = , = tanθ
PR PR QR cosθ
PR 2 = PQ2 + QR 2

Logarithms (A2 only)

[Unless otherwise specified ‘log’ can be loge (i.e. ln) or log10.]

log (ab) = log a + log b

b ()
log a = log a – log b

log xn = n log x loge ekx = ln ekx = kx

loge 2 = ln 2 = 0·693
© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (A420U20-1A)