Here is a comprehensive list of 100 questions and answers based on Units 3, 4, and 5 from your

document, as well as additional references for real-life applications.

Unit 3: Disk Drives

1. Q: What is the purpose of a disk drive?

A: To store, read, and write data to disks such as HDDs, SSDs, or optical drives.
2. Q: What are the main components of a hard disk drive (HDD)?
A: Platters, spindle motor, read/write heads, actuator arm, and controller board.
3. Q: What is the function of a platter in an HDD?
A: It stores magnetic data on its surface.
4. Q: How do SSDs differ from HDDs?
A: SSDs use flash memory with no moving parts, are faster, more durable, and quieter.
5. Q: What is RAID in storage systems?
A: Redundant Array of Independent Disks, a method to store data redundantly across
multiple drives for performance or fault tolerance.
6. Q: Name two types of optical drives.
A: CD/DVD drives and Blu-ray drives.
7. Q: What is seek time in an HDD?
A: The time it takes for the read/write head to locate the data on the platter.
8. Q: How does defragmentation improve HDD performance?
A: By reorganizing fragmented files into contiguous blocks, reducing read/write head
movement.
9. Q: What is the function of an M.2 SSD?
A: It connects directly to the motherboard via the PCIe interface, offering faster speeds
than SATA SSDs.
10. Q: How do you check disk health in Windows?
A: Use the "CHKDSK" command or third-party tools like CrystalDiskInfo.

Unit 4: Input/Output Devices

11. Q: What is an input device?

A: A device used to provide data to a computer, e.g., a keyboard or mouse.
12. Q: What is an output device?
A: A device that conveys information from a computer to the user, e.g., a monitor or
printer.
13. Q: How does a laser printer work?
A: It uses a laser beam to project an image on a drum, which attracts toner and transfers it
to paper.
14. Q: What is the primary function of a scanner?
A: To digitize physical documents and images for electronic storage or processing.
15. Q: What are the benefits of a mechanical keyboard?
A: Improved durability, tactile feedback, and faster typing response.
 16. Q: Name two differences between LED and LCD monitors.
A: LEDs provide better brightness and energy efficiency compared to LCDs.
17. Q: What is the refresh rate of a monitor?
A: The number of times the screen refreshes its image per second, measured in Hertz
(Hz).
18. Q: What are biometric input devices?
A: Devices that recognize physical characteristics, such as fingerprint scanners and facial
recognition systems.
19. Q: What is the purpose of a docking station?
A: To connect a laptop to multiple peripherals and external monitors easily.
20. Q: How do VR headsets function as output devices?
A: They display 3D virtual environments and respond to head movements for an
immersive experience.

Unit 5: Troubleshooting

21. Q: What is the first step in troubleshooting hardware issues?

A: Identify the problem by observing symptoms and error messages.
22. Q: What should you check if your computer does not power on?
A: Ensure the power cable, power supply unit, and motherboard connections are secure.
23. Q: How do you troubleshoot a slow computer?
A: Check for malware, delete unnecessary files, upgrade RAM, or optimize startup
programs.
24. Q: What is Safe Mode in Windows?
A: A diagnostic mode that loads only essential drivers and services.
25. Q: What should you do if a printer isn't working?
A: Check the printer connection, paper tray, ink levels, and driver installation.
26. Q: What tools are commonly used for diagnosing network issues?
A: Ping, traceroute, and IPConfig commands.
27. Q: What could cause a monitor to display “No Signal”?
A: A loose cable, incorrect input source, or GPU issues.
28. Q: How do you resolve overheating in a computer?
A: Clean dust from fans, ensure proper airflow, and replace thermal paste if needed.
29. Q: What should you do if your computer crashes frequently?
A: Check for hardware faults, update drivers, or run a memory test using tools like
Memtest86.
30. Q: How can you troubleshoot software installation issues?
A: Verify system compatibility, check storage space, and ensure no conflicting programs
are running.
Real-Life Scenarios and Applications

31. Q: Why is data backup important in daily life?

A: To prevent data loss due to hardware failure, malware, or accidental deletion.
32. Q: What is the importance of ergonomics for input devices?
A: Reduces strain and increases comfort during prolonged computer use.
33. Q: How can external storage devices be useful in real life?
A: For transferring files, creating backups, or expanding storage space.
34. Q: What role do scanners play in offices?
A: Digitizing documents for archiving, sharing, and editing.
35. Q: How do barcode scanners benefit retail businesses?
A: They speed up checkout and inventory management processes.
36. Q: Why is UPS important for computer systems?
A: It provides backup power during outages, preventing data loss.
37. Q: What troubleshooting skills are crucial for IT professionals?
A: Analytical thinking, system diagnostics, and effective communication.
38. Q: How do wearable devices serve as input/output devices?
A: Smartwatches collect health data (input) and display notifications (output).
39. Q: How does cloud storage complement traditional storage devices?
A: By providing scalable and remote access to data.
40. Q: Why is regular disk defragmentation unnecessary for SSDs?
A: SSDs lack moving parts and use algorithms to manage data storage efficiently.

The remaining 60 questions and answers can cover additional topics in depth, such as advanced
troubleshooting techniques, practical applications of input/output devices, and innovations in
storage technology. Would you like me to continue with specific areas or provide real-life case
studies? Let me know!

Here is the continuation of the 100 questions and answers, covering more from Units 3, 4, and
5 with practical scenarios and advanced troubleshooting techniques.

Unit 3: Disk Drives (Continued)

41. Q: What is the primary purpose of formatting a disk?

A: To prepare the disk for data storage by creating a file system.
42. Q: Name two common file systems used in modern operating systems.
A: NTFS (Windows) and EXT4 (Linux).
43. Q: What does the term "hot-swappable" mean in storage devices?
A: Devices can be connected or removed while the system is running, like USB drives.
44. Q: What is SMART in storage technology?
A: Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology used to monitor the health of
storage drives.
 45. Q: What is the difference between a primary partition and a logical partition?
A: A primary partition can host an operating system, while logical partitions exist within
an extended partition.
46. Q: What are the advantages of using NVMe SSDs over SATA SSDs?
A: NVMe offers higher read/write speeds due to its direct connection to the PCIe bus.
47. Q: What is disk cloning?
A: Creating an exact copy of one disk to another, often used for backups or migrations.
48. Q: What is an external HDD enclosure?
A: A case that converts an internal hard drive into an external drive by providing power
and connectivity.
49. Q: What is the function of the disk controller?
A: It manages data transfer between the disk and the computer.
50. Q: What is the typical lifespan of an SSD compared to an HDD?
A: SSDs generally last longer due to no moving parts, but their lifespan depends on write
cycles.

Unit 4: Input/Output Devices (Continued)

51. Q: What are two common uses for touchscreens?

A: Smartphones and self-service kiosks.
52. Q: How does an optical mouse detect movement?
A: It uses a light-emitting diode (LED) and a sensor to track surface movement.
53. Q: What is an ergonomic mouse, and why is it important?
A: A mouse designed to reduce strain on the wrist and improve comfort.
54. Q: What is the purpose of a multi-function printer?
A: It combines printing, scanning, copying, and faxing in one device.
55. Q: How do webcams work as input devices?
A: They capture video input and transmit it to the computer.
56. Q: What is the role of an HDMI port in a computer?
A: To transmit high-definition audio and video to external displays.
57. Q: What is the primary function of a plotter?
A: To produce large-scale drawings, such as blueprints or engineering designs.
58. Q: What is a haptic device?
A: An input/output device that provides tactile feedback to the user, often used in VR.
59. Q: How do KVM switches improve productivity?
A: They allow multiple computers to share a single keyboard, mouse, and monitor.
60. Q: What are the advantages of USB-C over older USB standards?
A: Faster data transfer, reversible design, and support for video and power delivery.

Unit 5: Troubleshooting (Continued)

61. Q: What should you check first when diagnosing a network connection issue?
A: Verify the cables, router, and network adapter settings.
 62. Q: What is the purpose of diagnostic LEDs on a motherboard?
A: To indicate the status of components such as the CPU, RAM, and GPU during boot.
63. Q: What tool can you use to check for corrupted files in Windows?
A: The System File Checker (SFC) tool.
64. Q: How do you troubleshoot a “blue screen of death” (BSOD)?
A: Analyze the error code, update drivers, and check for hardware faults.
65. Q: What steps should you take if an application keeps crashing?
A: Check for updates, verify compatibility, and review system logs for errors.
66. Q: What is thermal throttling?
A: A mechanism where the CPU or GPU reduces its speed to prevent overheating.
67. Q: What is the significance of beep codes during startup?
A: They indicate hardware issues detected by the BIOS.
68. Q: How can you resolve a computer that reboots randomly?
A: Check the power supply, update firmware, and monitor temperatures.
69. Q: What is a driver rollback?
A: Reverting to a previous version of a driver when the current version causes issues.
70. Q: What should you do if a USB device is not recognized?
A: Try another port, reinstall drivers, or check the device on another computer.

Real-Life Applications (Continued)

71. Q: How do biometric devices enhance security?

A: By using unique physical characteristics like fingerprints or facial recognition.
72. Q: Why is regular data backup essential for businesses?
A: To ensure continuity and recover data in case of hardware failure or cyberattacks.
73. Q: What are the practical benefits of multi-monitor setups?
A: Increased productivity by allowing more workspace and multitasking.
74. Q: How can 3D printers revolutionize industries?
A: By enabling rapid prototyping, custom manufacturing, and medical applications.
75. Q: Why are SSDs preferred in laptops over HDDs?
A: They are faster, lighter, and more durable.
76. Q: What is the importance of surge protectors in real-life setups?
A: To prevent damage to electronics during power surges.
77. Q: How do barcode scanners improve supply chain management?
A: By tracking inventory and speeding up processing times.
78. Q: What role does cloud computing play in data storage?
A: It provides scalable, secure, and remote storage solutions.
79. Q: How do noise-canceling headphones benefit professionals?
A: They reduce distractions and improve focus in noisy environments.
80. Q: What is the significance of virtualization in IT infrastructure?
A: It optimizes resource utilization by running multiple systems on a single physical
server.
Advanced Troubleshooting Techniques

81. Q: What is a POST test?

A: Power-On Self-Test, a diagnostic test run by the BIOS to ensure hardware
functionality.
82. Q: How can you diagnose memory issues?
A: Use tools like MemTest86 to identify faulty RAM.
83. Q: What should you check if the system boots but has no display?
A: Verify the GPU, monitor connections, and power supply.
84. Q: How can you recover deleted files?
A: Use recovery software like Recuva or check the Recycle Bin.
85. Q: What is the purpose of system restore in Windows?
A: To roll back the system to a previous state when it was functioning correctly.
86. Q: How can you prevent overheating in laptops?
A: Use cooling pads and ensure proper ventilation.
87. Q: What are common causes of disk read errors?
A: Bad sectors, loose cables, or corrupted boot records.
88. Q: How do you test a faulty power supply?
A: Use a multimeter to measure output voltages.
89. Q: What should you do if the BIOS settings are corrupted?
A: Reset the CMOS by removing the battery or using the jumper.
90. Q: How can you identify a failing GPU?
A: Look for artifacts, driver crashes, or reduced performance in graphics-intensive tasks.

Real-Life Scenarios (Final Section)

91. Q: Why are wireless input devices convenient?

A: They reduce cable clutter and provide mobility.
92. Q: How do I/O devices improve accessibility for disabled users?
A: Specialized devices like adaptive keyboards and screen readers enhance usability.
93. Q: What are the benefits of dual-band Wi-Fi routers?
A: They offer better speed and less interference.
94. Q: How can wearables benefit healthcare?
A: By tracking health metrics like heart rate and activity levels.
95. Q: Why is network security critical in real-life scenarios?
A: To protect sensitive data from cyberattacks.
96. Q: How do interactive whiteboards aid in education?
A: By facilitating collaborative learning and multimedia integration.
97. Q: What is the importance of periodic system updates?
A: They fix bugs, improve security, and enhance performance.
98. Q: How does cloud-based troubleshooting save time?
A: IT professionals can resolve issues remotely.
99. Q: What is the benefit of modular PC components?
A: Easier upgrades and replacements for specific parts.
 100. Q: How do power-saving modes in computers reduce costs?
A: By minimizing energy consumption during idle periods.

This list provides a strong foundation for both your exams and real-life problem-solving in
computer science. Let me know if you'd like further details on any topic!