DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES - MACHINE PROBLEM NO.

1
Lake Jonecy A. Habla BSCE 2 - 2

PROBLEM NO. 1: THE PARTICLE: On a straight line doon, where will it go?

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

In this problem, we are tasked to develop a worksheet designed to calculate

velocity, acceleration, position, distance, and displacement of the particle at time
t1 and t2, it will also create an s-t graph, v-t graph, and a-t graph. The worksheet
serves as a tool for deciphering the unknowns using the given equation denoted as s =
At4 – Bt3 + Ct2 + Dt – E.

SYSTEM:
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:

Creating a worksheet that targets finding the position, velocity, acceleration,

displacement, and distance is quite a work, given that multiple unknowns need to be
solved. The objective of this worksheet is to solve faster. To have the system function
properly, equations for each unknown must be formed since it will be dependent on that,
as well as on the values that will be placed. The efficiency of this worksheet becomes
apparent, making the process ten times faster and more straightforward if the provided
values are accurate, if the instructions are followed correctly, which is the utilization of the
numbers in the student’s number, solving the unknowns will be no problem. The
formulation of the working formulas involved several pre-implementation steps before
integration into Microsoft Excel. This encompassed the derivation of the given equation
of the position that will be derived for the equation of velocity and its second derivative for
the acceleration. Shown below is the derivation process of the formula/s used:
 Observing the given data, we incorporate it to derive the necessary equations.
Obtaining the equations for velocity denoted as v = -Bt2 + Ct + D and then plugging in
the numerical data, we’ll have v = -15t2 + 0t + 2. For acceleration, its second derivative
will be its working equation, which will be a = -Bt + C, with the numerical values v = -30t
+ 0. All these equations were derived from the given position equation, which was: s =
At4 - Bt3 + Ct2 + Dt + E, and when plugged with the numerical values: s = 0t4 - 5t3 +
0t2 + 2t + 6. These three equations will be used to determine the value of each by
simply having an input of t1 and t2.
Now, translating this into Excel, the goal is not to
change anything as much as possible. As shown, the
system consists of an input area for the given and
necessary data needed, and the equations are showcased
to be used for better understanding by the user. Next, we
translated the equations that we had formulated into Excel
while using a condition saying that t2 should be greater
than t1. Creating a condition makes the worksheet to be
prone to lesser loopholes.

For the distance and displacement, the given position equation was integrated to
determine the value of the distance and displacement from t1 to t2. The value of distance
and displacement should be the same. Translating the acquired equation into Excel will
be used with conditions mostly with the distance since if the value of t1 is greater than t2,
the values might not be realistic. That’s why utilizing the IF, AND, OR, and ABS functions
in Excel will prevent it. The ABS function makes the values of t1 and t2 in Excel an
absolute value, meaning the set condition that t2 should be greater than t1 will still be
followed.

The acquired answers for position, velocity, and acceleration is then plotted into a
s-t, v-t, and a-t graph:
 Suppose it is solved manually on paper using these derived formulas. In that case,
it is assured that it will produce the same set of values, or if it ever has a small discrepancy
in the decimal values, which should not be worried about. The only difference is that this
worksheet is a lot faster. To ensure its accuracy, the parameters of the required points
must be correct. However, this worksheet can be altered by what is being asked in a
problem. In conclusion, this worksheet is effective, for each formula used was carefully
solved manually before inputting it in Excel. It can be used to check or solve immediately.

The answers acquired if t1 = 7 and t2 = 77.

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED:

One challenge I faced was ensuring the accuracy of the formulas to be coded,
given the formula-based nature of the problem. However, this particular problem
presented distinct characteristics that posed significant challenges, especially in the
analysis and critical examination of details, which was quite overwhelming since one
missed value can alter the whole result. Despite this, the challenge was manageable and
manageable.
PROBLEM NO.2: VECNA GOT MAX!: Calculating the Maximum Height and its
Time/s

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
The primary objective of creating this worksheet is to furnish accurate and detailed
solutions to the specified problem. The task outlines the requirement for the worksheet to
calculate the maximum height (hmax) of a projectile at V inclined at an angle from the
horizontal, the time it takes to reach hmax, the time it takes before it lands on the
horizontal distance (x) from the released point, the time it takes to reach h1, and the
position of the projectile at time t1. This computation is to be carried out across a range
of input values of the Velocity, the angle, the horizontal and vertical distance, the time t1,
and the gravitational acceleration. All initial values are measured in meters (m), m/s, and
m/s2.

SYSTEM:

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:

Designing this worksheet bears with formulas used in projectile motion. Therefore,
we can say that it is once again a formula-based problem. The primary goal of this system
is to compute the maximum height, the time it takes to reach hmax, the time it takes
before it lands on the horizontal distance (x) from the released point, the time it takes to
reach h1, and the position of the projectile at time t1. This requires several concepts of
inputs to be able to be solved, such as the velocity, the t1, the angle, etc. The problem
is asking quite a lot of unknowns, but if we look into the concept of projectile, we can solve
them with simple formulas. However, upon solving manually, I have noticed that certain
inputs are under condition, such as the t1 and h1, where it needs to be less than the
computed max and total time, or else we will attain a negative answer on time at a vertical
distance (both upward and downward) and X and Y at t1.

As mentioned, it relies solely on formulas from the concept of projectile motion.

Below outlines the solving of the unknowns incorporated into the worksheet, with the
formulas that will be used in the system.
 Translating everything into Excel will be quite easy; every formula that we have
derived from manual solving will be inputted into Excel using the usual mathematical
functions since every equation that has been formed can be done literally as it is in the
Excel language.

As usual, the user will be inputting

values as previously stated. The user will
be asked to input a value of Velocity, Angle,
Horizontal and Vertical Distance, Time (t1),
and constant Gravity, all of which must be
positive, ranging from 0 – 100. These
values will be the foundation of the answers
that we will be attaining in this problem since, as mentioned, this is a purely formula-
based problem. Therefore, most of the time, the substitution of these values to the
equations that have been derived will be the only step.
The first unknown that we will be solving
for is the maximum height or the max.
Derived one of the formulas in projectile
motion as shown in the manual solving
above, and then transferred into Excel,
just simply copy the formula as it is: hmax = (C13*SIN(RADIANS(C14)))^2/(2*C18).
For the total time to reach hmax, simply just input the formula that was been
derived, either of the two will give you the same answer.
 For the time at a horizontal
distance, the formula in projectile
motion at a horizontal motion was
used, which was x = (Vox)t, and
was equated to t to get the
unknown time at a horizontal distance.

For getting the time at the

vertical distance both upward
and downward, we can utilize
one of the formulas in projectile
motion in a vertical motion, which
is: y = (Voy sin θ) (t) – ½gt2,
since we are solving for t. This
equation is quadratic. We can
transform this equation into a
quadratic equation; hence, the
formula was formulated. Inputting it into Excel the way it is, just changing the sign for
upwards, which is negative, and positive for the results in downwards. Also, keep in mind
that a condition was used in this equation since h1 should be less than the value of hmax,
for it will not make sense if h1 is higher than the maximum height.

Lastly, to solve the X and Y at t1, utilize the givens and the formula in projectile
motion. No derivations were made since the formula for X and Y can work as it is.
However, a condition was used in Excel since having a bigger value of t1 than the total
time is unrealistic. We must state that if this situation happened, it should not provide us
with a numerical answer, for it is not possible.
 After tabulating, the following answers were acquired with the initial values that the
user plugged in.

In conclusion, we can say that this worksheet will produce accurate and reliable
results since it was carefully solved manually before inputting it in Excel, and if done
manually using the formula derived with the same sets of data it will give the same set of
values acquired from excel, it can be used for checking or simply solving immediately.

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED:

The process of developing the system presented challenges, particularly in

accurately translating the working formulas into Excel. Even though it is literal, we can’t
be too confident and not be vigilant in our inputs. I also think that it is an obstacle not to
have anything to validate the answers acquired other than the manual solving that was
done and the knowledge that I have in me.

Additionally, another problem that has been a concern is the uncertainty about
the angle since, technically, it could have been solved using the input horizontal distance
(x). However, because of a lack of instructions, I have settled into making the angle as an
input as well.
PROBLEM NO.3: THE PARTICLE’S VELOCITY

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

In this problem, we analyze the involvement of the motion of a particle with

acceleration that changes over time, shown as a piecewise linear function on an
acceleration-time (a-t) graph. The goal is to look at different aspects of the particle's
motion at specific times. First, we'll find the particle's velocity at three times: t1, t2, and
t3. After that, we'll calculate its position at these same times. Additionally, we'll assess
the particle's position, velocity, and acceleration at a fourth time, t4, which is between 0
and t3.

SYSTEM:

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

When creating this worksheet, it's essential to focus on the provided a-t graph to
determine the relationship of each unknown in the problem. It demands more thorough
analysis and in-depth problem-solving to derive an accurate and reliable formula.
Different from the previous worksheets, the translation of formulas into Excel will be quite
challenging, not because it is a complex equation but rather because it is long, and having
a wrong input can lead to a wrong answer. Transcribing this process into Excel can be
intricate and may need to be clarified due to its lengthiness. Despite the problem's
differences from the previous two, it employs the same underlying principles.

In this worksheet, users input three sets of acceleration, a1, a2, and a3, along with
their respective times, t1, t2, and t3. The worksheet then displays the velocities and
positions of the particle at these specified times. As per the t4, users can also input any
time value t4 within the range from 0 to t3. The worksheet will then display the
corresponding acceleration, velocity, and position of the particle at that specific moment.

Below outlines how to the formulas that was been plugged in the system was
achieved. Multiple derivations was been done to create such equations:
 To give a brief description of how we arrived at these formulas, we used the
relationship with each other. Since we have an a-t graph given, it is in the knowledge that
we have to derive continuously to arrive at the equations of each. These equations allow
for the determination of the particle's dynamics at any given time within the specified
interval.

These formulas are then translated into an Excel language to create this
worksheet.

FOR VELOCITY:

FOR POSITION:

FOR ACCELERATION:
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED:

Throughout the creation of the three systems, I repeatedly encountered challenges

in analyzing the problems and determining how to translate them into Excel. The primary
objective of these worksheets is to enhance user efficiency and verify their answers.
Therefore, if the coded functions are correct, all efforts could be well-spent. Balancing the
application of my existing knowledge with new insights has been overwhelming, given the
complexity of these problems. Moreover, this problem offers a different concept compared
to the previous two problems, resulting in a deeper understanding since derivations are
needed, which, in all honesty, is not my greatest strength in terms of solving.
 REFERENCES

Hibbeler, R. C. (2016). Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics (14th ed.). Pearson Prentice

Hall Pearson Education Inc.