INTRODUCTION

A.C. Bridge methods are the best and most usual methods for precise measurements of
inductance and capacitance. This training board is for the study of the We in Bridge and is used to
measure the capacitance of a capacitor.
The Wien Bridge is of two types:
Series Wien Bridge
This is a ratio bridge used to measure the value of capacitance. Both arms AB and AD have
capacitors in series with resistors. Arms CB and CD are both resistive. See Fig.1.

0.33 MFD
IsP C

1KHz 0SC.

FIG-01 WIEN SERIES BRIDGE

Parallel Wien Bridge

This is also a ratio bridge with the difference that arm AB has a capacitor in parallel with a resistor
hence its name. See Fig.2.

R2

0.33MFD
1

1KHzOSC.

FIG-02 WIEN PARALLEL BRIDGE

 THEORY
For a series type Wien Bridge as shown in Fia.1, The balance condition may be obtained in the
usual way. For balance:

R,=R,R4 /R3
And Cy = . (1)

For Parallel type Wien Bridge it is assumed that capacitors C, and C are loss-free. The usual
relationship for balance gives,
R
R, (R4-)=Rs7+ joc,R
or
Rz (R4 -(+
oC joCxR)=R, Rg
Separating the real and imaginary terms we have

R, Rz +R,R,-R,R,
C

Or Cx_Rg R4
R, R,
Thus at balance the unknown value of capacitor Cy can be found as:

Cy =C(
R2
Ray
R1
.(2)

Also R2 0
oCy XR4 R, R, --oC
1
Or
R,R, CyC
1 . (3)
Or f= Hz
2r R, R4 CyC
balanced. For ease of demonstration the
Equation 3 gives the frequency at which the bridge is
board are so selected that the balance can be
values of capacitors and resistors on this training
gives reasonable accuracy.
obtained at the 1KHz frequency of the in-built oscillator. This
To find the unknown frequency
be used to measure the unknown
The parallel Wien Bridge being frequency selective can
frequency of a signal. The unknown frequency sine wave is
fed in place of the 1 KHz, oscillator and
using equation (3) above.
balance is obtained. The frequency of the fed signal is calculated
OBJECT 01:- MEASUREMENT OF CAPACITANCE BYWIEN BERIESBRIDGE.
PROCEDURE

01 Uningpatch cords mako connection as per Fig 1.

02 Insort tho mains plug of the training board into a 230V +10% A.C. at 50Hz socket. Switch
ON the training board.
03 Select any unknown capacitor with the band switch markedG,.
04 Keep the LEVEL control of the in-built 1 KHZ 06cllator. To maximum position (Fully
clockwise) An audio tone should be heard from the spoaker.
05 Now select 100 Ohms for R, and seloct suitable position of R, for minirmum volurme o ne
tone.
0G Select R, for minimum volume of the tone.
07 Select R, for minimum volume of the ton.
08 If required repeat setting of R,. R, and R, in sequence for achieving the nullpostion i.e.
when the tone heard is of minimum volume or not heard at all.
Record the values in the table below:
TABLE -1
S Capacitor Capacitor R1 Ry R3 R4
No. Cx Ohms Ohms Ohms Ohms R2
MFD MFD MFD
01 CX1 0.33

02 CX2 0.33

03 CX3 0.33

04 CX4 0.33

Note:
Compare the calculated values of Cy with the actual values given elsewhere in this manual.
ORJECT 02:- MEASUREMENT OF CAPACITANCE BY WIEN PARALLEL BRIDGE.
PROCEDURE
01 Using patch cords make connection as per Fig.2
02 Insert the mains plugof the training board into a 230V + 10% AC at 50Hz socket and switch
ON the unit.
03 Select any unknown capacitor with the band switch marked CX.
04 Keep the level control of the in-built 1 KHz oscillator to the maximum position (fully
clockwise). An audio tone should be heard from the speaker.
05 Keep R at 600 Ohms and R at 500 Ohms.
06 Adjust R, for minimum volume of the tone.
07 Adjust R, and R, for minimum volume of the tone.
Record the values in the table below:
TABLE -2
S. Capacitor Capacitor R1 Rz Rg R4 R3 R4
No. Cx Ohms Ohms Ohms Ohms R2 R1
MFD MFD MFD

01 CX1 0.33
02 CX2 0.33
03 CX3 0.33
04 CX4 0.33

Note:
01 Compare the calculated values of Cy with the actual values given elsewhere in this manual.
02 In both the above experiments the null can also be detected by connecting a CRO between
terminals marked B, D.
QUESTIONS
01 State two applications of Wien Bridge other than Capacitance Measurement.
02 Can the Wien Bridge Circuit be used as a harmonic distortion analyzer?
Note:
The actual values of the capacitors used are:
CX, = 0.22 MFD, CX, = 0.33 MFD, CX3 = 0.47 MFD, CX, = 0.68 MFD
Note:
The technical specifications of the training board and the information given in this manual may be
changed by us in a constant Endeavour to update our products.
REFERENCES

01 A text book of Electrical technology : By B.L. &A.K,THAREJA

02 Electrical Measurement and Measuring Instruments : By J.B. GUPTA.
LIST OF ACCESSORIES:

01 Patch cords stackable 4mm length 50cm Red 01.

02 Patch cords stackable 4mm length 50cm black 05.
PRAKASH / RPA21-07-2022