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Basics of Networking Structured

The document provides an overview of computer networking, detailing the OSI model with its seven layers and the TCP/IP model with four layers. It explains IP addressing differences between IPv4 and IPv6, lists common TCP/UDP ports, and identifies key network devices such as routers, switches, hubs, and firewalls. This foundational knowledge is essential for understanding modern networking principles.

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4 views

Basics of Networking Structured

The document provides an overview of computer networking, detailing the OSI model with its seven layers and the TCP/IP model with four layers. It explains IP addressing differences between IPv4 and IPv6, lists common TCP/UDP ports, and identifies key network devices such as routers, switches, hubs, and firewalls. This foundational knowledge is essential for understanding modern networking principles.

Uploaded by

nivedtest1604
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basics of Networking

Generated on: 2025-05-04

Introduction
Computer networking involves connecting multiple computing devices together to share resources and

information.

OSI Model
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model has seven layers:

1. Physical

2. Data Link

3. Network

4. Transport

5. Session

6. Presentation

7. Application

TCP/IP Model
A more practical model with four layers: Link, Internet, Transport, and Application.

IP Addressing
IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1), whereas IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses (e.g., 2001:db8::1).

Ports and Protocols


Common TCP/UDP ports include:

80 (HTTP), 443 (HTTPS), 22 (SSH), 53 (DNS), 25 (SMTP)

Network Devices
Routers, switches, hubs, and firewalls are key devices that form the core of modern networking.

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