APPSC Module 1 Sample
APPSC Module 1 Sample
APPSC
FOREST RANGE OFFICER
T OO LKIT
The Ultimate Guide to Success
Module - 1
1 2 3 4 6
1 2 3 4 5
Gourav Dubey Saurabh Dubey Pawan Sharma Manish Sharma Kuldeep Baghel
6 7 9 10 12
13 16 19 20 21
22 24 25 26 27
Ravindran Gupta Kuldeep Bohare Shubham Tiwari Yogesh Dhote Piyush Shukla
28 30 31 33 34
EDITION : 2024
+917223970423 [email protected]
Gole ka mandir, Morar, Gwalior (MP) 474005
Module - 1
CONTENT
PART – I : GENERAL FORESTRY
1. General Forestry 1 – 21
2. Andhra Pradesh 23 – 24
PART – II : SILVICULTURE
3. Forest, Forestry & Silviculture 25 – 33
4. Locality Factors 34 – 36
5. Climatic Factors 37 – 49
6. Edaphic Factors 50 – 57
7. Physiographic Factors 58 – 62
8. Biotic Factors 63 – 66
9. Influence of Forest on their environment 67 – 72
10. Tree’s Structure and Growth forms 73 – 77
11. Crop Morphology 78 – 85
12. Forest Succession 86 – 91
13. Forest Types in India 92 – 97
14. Natural Regeneration 98 – 105
15. Artificial Regeneration 106 – 110
16. Choice of Species 111 – 117
17. Seed Supply 118 – 127
18. Forest Nursery 128 – 137
19. Vegetative Propagation 138 – 143
20. Sowing and Planting 144 – 153
21. Maintenance of Plantation 154 – 155
22. Tending operations 156 – 165
23. Plantation Forestry 166 – 167
PART – III : Mangroves + Tree Species
24. Mangroves 168 – 173
25. Tree Species 174 – 187
FORESTRY
PYQs PAPER
ANALYSIS
PYQ ANALYSIS .
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS FRO 2018 Section officer 2019 ACF 2022 FRO 2022
60
50
39
40
28 30 30
20 11 9 11 10 10
4 4
0 0 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 0
0
General Forestry Forest resources State Silviculture Mangroves Tree Species
SYLLABUS.
FOREST RESOURCES : Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, important case studies. Timber extraction,
mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people
GENERAL SILVICULTURAL PRINCIPLES — ecological and physiological factors influencing vegetation, natural and
artificial regeneration of forests, methods of propagation, grafting techniques; site factors;
NURSERY AND PLANTING TECHNIQUES — nursery beds, polybags and maintenance, water budgeting, grading
and hardening of seedlings, special approaches, establishment and tending
SILVICULTURE OF THE FOLLOWING ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES grown in Andhra Pradesh such as – (1)
Acacia nilotica (2) Azadirachta indica, (3) Dendrocalamus strictus, (4) Casuarina equisetifolia, (5) Dalbergia sisoo,
(6) Emblica officinalis, (7) Eucalyptus spp., (8) Gmelina arborea, (9) Pterocarpus marsupium, (10) Pterocarpus
santalinus (11) Santalum album (12) Tectona grandis, (13) Melia dubia and (14) Leucaena leucocephala.
GENERAL FORESTRY .
(b) 1865 11. The policies and guidelines of the Joint Forest
(c) 1947 Management are enunciated in [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(d) 1946 (a) The National Forest Policy of 1952
4. Which of the following is the oldest national park in (b) The National Forest Policy of 1988
India? [APPSC (FRO) 2022 General Forestry – II] (c) The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1972
(a) Bandipur National Park (d) The Biodiversity Act, 2002
(b) Kaziranga National Park 12. Hazardous waste (Management & handling) rules
(c) Jim Corbett National Park came into existence in the year ______ [APPSC
(d) Kanha National Park Forest Section Officer 2019]
5. The United Nations Conference on the Human (a) 1988
Environment was held in which year? [APPSC (FRO) (b) 1989
2018] (c) 1987
(a) 1971 (d) 1990
(b) 1972 13. The Convention on Biological Diversity entered into
(c) 1981 force on [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(d) 1982 (a) 29 December 1992
6. The Concurrent List includes which of the following? (b) 28 December 1993
[APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019] (c) 29 December 1993
(a) Forests (d) 28 December 1992
(b) Protection of wild animals and birds. 14. Which of the following litigations in the Honourable
(c) All of the given options Supreme Court of India proved to be a landmark in
(d) Prevention of cruelty to animals. forest conservation? [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
7. Who is the founder of the Appiko Movement? (a) Godavarman Thirumulpad v/s Union of India
[APPSC (FRO) 2018] (b) MC Mehta v/s Union of India
(a) Anil Jhoshi (c) TC Mehta v/s Union of India
(b) Sunderlal Bahuguna
(d) EC Richards v/s Forest Ranger Officer,
(c) Panduranga Hegde
Mettupalayam
(d) Vandana Shiva
15. The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights
8. Forest conservation act and Forest (Conservation)
Act was enacted by the Parliament of India in [APPSC
Amendment Bill were passed in the year [APPSC
(FRO) 2018]
(FRO) 2022]
(a) 2000
(a) 1927 and 2001
(b) 2001
(b) 1857 and 1947
(c) 2002
(c) 1980 and 2023
(d) 2003
(d) 1865 and 2000
16. Disaster Management Act was enacted in the year
9. Social Forestry programme was launched in [APPSC
[APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(FRO) 2022]
(a) 2005
(a) Seventh five year plan
(b) 2004
(b) Sixth five year plan
(c) 2003
(c) Fifth five year plan
(d) 2006
(d) Eighth five year plan
17. Which year the Forest Rights Act was enacted?
10. The Bhopal gas tragedy took place in the year [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
[APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(a) 2002
(a) 1981
(b) 2004
(b) 1982
(c) 2006
(c) 1983
(d) 2008
(d) 1984
18. The National Green Tribunal Act was enacted in the
year _____ [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(B) Moderately Dense Forests have a density of The Total Forest and tree cover is _________ of the
______ geographical area of the country. As compared to
(C) Open Forests have a density of _____ ISFR 2019, the current assessment shows an
(D) Scrub Forests have a density of _____ increase of _______ forest and tree cover put
together at the national level. [APPSC (FRO) 2022
Options
General Forestry – II]
(a) (A) 100% and above 60%; (B) 40% to 60%; (C) (a) 24.62% ; 0.28%
30% to 40%; (D) 10% to 30% (b) 19.62% ; 1.28%
(b) (A) 70% and above; (B) 40% and more but less (c) 33% ; 2%
than 70%; (C) 10% and more but less than 40%; (d) 21.25% ; 3%
(D) less than 10% 68. As per the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021,
(c) (A) 90% to 60%; (B) 60% to 50%; (C) 50% to trees outside forests (TOF) are the main source of
40%; (D) 40% to 30% wood produced in the country, especially from the
(d) (A) 80% and above; (B) 50% and above; (C) 30% agroforestry sector. Which state is leading in extent
and above; (D) 20% and above of TOF (in area) [APPSC (FRO) 2022 General Forestry –
I]
TREE COVER (TOF) .
(a) Maharashtra
64. Tree cover is defined as [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General (b) Andhra Pradesh
Forestry – I] (c) Odisha
(a) Isolated trees and small patches of trees, which (d) Uttar Pradesh
are less than 1 ha in area and occurring inside
the recorded forest areas. STATE DATA .
(b) Isolated trees and small patches of trees, which 69. According to India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021
are less than 2 ha in area and occurring outside given by the Forest Survey of India, the recorded
the recorded forest areas. forest area of Andhra Pradesh is [APPSC (ACF) 2022
(c) Isolated trees and small patches of trees, which General Forestry – I]
are less than 1 ha in area and occurring outside (a) 37,258 km2
the recorded forest areas. (b) 36,258 km2
(d) Isolated trees and small patches of trees, which (c) 35,258 km2
are less than 1.5 ha in area and occurring inside (d) 38,258 km2
the recorded forest areas. 70. As per the ISFR 2021, the forest cover of Andhra
65. All trees present outside the recorded forest area Pradesh is _____ of the total geographical area of
(RFA) irrespective of their number and patch size, the country [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – I]
are termed as [APPSC (FRO) 2022 General Forestry – I] Question deleted
(a) Forest cover (a) 0.1828
(b) Trees outside forest (b) 0.1645
(c) Tree cover (c) 0.195
(d) Agroforestry (d) 0.172
66. As per ISFR 2021, the total forest and tree cover in 71. As per the ISFR 2021, which of the following forest
India is ______ of the geographical area of the types has the maximum area in Andhra Pradesh?
country [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – I] [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – I]
(a) 24.62% (a) Dry deciduous scrub forests
(b) 28.62% (b) Southern thorn forests
(c) 21.50% (c) Southern moist mixed deciduous forests
(d) 23.50% (d) Southern dry mixed deciduous forests
67. Two key findings of India State of Forest Report
(ISFR) 2021 are given here. Select the most CARBON STOCK .
appropriate option to fill in the blanks.
72. As per India State of the Forest Report (ISFR) 2021, Hemisphere with long and very cold winters, are
the total carbon stock in forest is estimated as called _______ forests [APPSC (FRO) 2022 General
[APPSC (FRO) 2022 General Forestry – I] Forestry – I]
(a) 10,204 million tonnes (a) Semi-Evergreen
(b) 9204 million tonnes (b) Boreal
(c) 8204 million tonnes (c) Cloud
(d) 7204 million tonnes (d) Sub-Alpine
77. According to Global Forest Resource Assessment
FOREST FIRE MONITORING .
(GFRA) report 2020, considering the forest area, at
73. In 2020, ____________ developed a cost-effective which position is India ranked among different
and time-efficient methodology for the rapid countries of the world? [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General
Forestry – I]
assessment of forest areas affected by fire. In this
methodology, fire burnt forest areas show a (a) 5th
(b) 10th
conspicuous signature on satellite images. [APPSC
(FRO) 2022 General Forestry – II] (c) 3rd
(a) Forest Survey of India (d) 8th
(b) UNO 78. According to the Global Forest Goals Report 2021,
(c) Forest fire-prone States of India which country has converted nearly 35% of its total
(d) IIT Delhi forest area to community forests, due to which the
forest area has increased and the rate of
74. Which sensors are used by the Forest Survey of India deforestation has decreased? [APPSC (ACF) 2022
to identify forest fires in India? [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – I]
General Forestry – II] (a) Nepal
(a) High-Resolution Infra-Red Radiation Sounder (b) Bhutan
and Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (c) Indonesia
- Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (d) Philippines
(b) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-
79. According to the CIFOR-ICRAF Annual Report - 2020,
radiometer and Suomi-National Polar-orbiting
on an average ______ species are driven to
Partnership - Visible Infrared Imaging
extinction in the world’s tropical rainforests every
Radiometer Suite
day [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – I]
(c) High-Resolution Optical Imager and Moderate
(a) 150
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
(b) 137
(d) High-Resolution Optical Imager and High-
(c) 146
Resolution Infra-Red Radiation Sounder
(d) 127
GLOBAL DATA .
STATE-BASED QUESTIONS .
75. As per the ‘Global Forest Resource Assessment’ 80. State bird of Andhra Pradesh is [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(GFRA) report 2020 given by FAO, the top two (a) Psittacula krameri
countries with respect to forest area in the world are (b) Coracias garrulus
[APPSC (FRO) 2022 General Forestry – I] (c) Coracias benghalensis
(a) Russia and Brazil (d) Psittacula himalayana
(b) Russia and Canada 81. Dipterocarpus retusus, an important timber plant, is
(c) Canada and USA the state tree of [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(d) USA and Brazil (a) Assam
76. The forests that predominantly have a limited (b) Arunachal Pradesh
number of conifer species beside few deciduous (c) Meghalaya
genera, and occupy around 17% of the Earth’s land (d) Tripura
surface in the circumpolar belt of the far Northern
82. In which year, Andhra Pradesh Forest Act come into (a) Yield
force? [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019] (b) Growing stock
(a) 1977 (c) Number of trees
(b) 1967 (d) Crop volume
(c) 1958 89. The practice of forestry in all its aspects on farm and
(d) 1972 village lands, generally more or less integrated with
83. Andhra Pradesh Water, Land Trees Act, 2002 other farm operations, is called [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(APWALTA) came into force on [APPSC (FRO) 2022] (a) Village forestry
(a) 15th June 2002 (b) Community forestry
(b) 19th April 2002 (c) Farm forestry
(c) 15th June 2004 (d) Social forestry
(d) 6th November 2002 90. The scope of social forestry does not include which
type of forestry? [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
84. Which of the following statements is true about
(a) Farm Forestry
Girijan Cooperative Corporation? [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
(b) Community Woodlots
(a) It is the marketing wing of Andhra Pradesh
(c) Community Reserve
Forest Department.
(d) Extension Forestry
(b) It is the main purchaser of Bamboo from
91. Silviculture originated in which continent? [APPSC
Andhra Pradesh Forest Department.
(FRO) 2018]
(c) It pays royalty to the Andhra Pradesh Forest
(a) Asia
Department for the collection and sale of non-
(b) Europe
timber forest products.
(c) North America
(d) It has full right to collect and sale non-timber
(d) South America
forest products in Andhra Pradesh
92. Which of the following is the regulative function of
FOREST FORESTRY SILVICULTURE . forest resources? [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
85. A virgin forest is a ________ forest [APPPSC (ACF) (a) Storage and release of gases
2022] (b) Production of timber
(a) Man-made (c) Provision of minor forest products
(b) Social (d) Conservation of soil and water
(c) Natural 93. Which of the following is NOT a provisioning service
(d) Recreational obtained from forests? [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
86. The various species which form a forest crop and (a) Fuel wood
their proportion in it is called [APPPSC (ACF) 2022] (b) Nutrient cycling
(a) Composition (c) Fibre
(b) Selection (d) Food
(c) Yield In the context of ecosystem services, Provisioning
(d) Development Services refer to the Tangible Products and materials
87. _______ is a species of inferior quality or size, of that humans obtain directly from ecosystems, e.g.,
relatively little Silvicultural value or importance, Food, Raw Materials, Fresh water, Medicine, etc.
associated with the principal species [APPSC Forest 94. Which type of forest tends to have the highest
Section Officer 2019]
carbon sequestration potential? [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
(a) Accessory species
(a) Young and rapidly growing forests
(b) Lesser species
(b) Mature and stable forests
(c) Mediocre species
(c) Deforested areas
(d) Auxiliary species
(d) Plantations with single-species trees
88. The sum (by number or volume) of all the trees
growing in a forest, or a specified part of it is [APPSC Mature and Stable Forests, also known as climax
(FRO) 2018; APPPSC (ACF) 2022] forests, are forests that have reached its maximum
112. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 118. In a greenhouse, the temperature of the leaf
[APPSC (FRO) 2022] surfaces are kept above the dew point to prevent
A) The mass rainfall curve is a plot between the [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
to limit the development of the Opuntia plant, often (a) Ground water hydrology
known as the prickly pear. (b) Hydroinformatics
(c) Hydrogeology
(d) Ecohydrology
FOREST STAND .
Hydrological event Measurement and/or 138. A forest plant grown from seed, that attains a height
dependent upon of around six inches and has a few leaves, is called a
_______ [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
A) Inconsistency of 1) Topography
(a) Tree
rainfall data
(b) Sapling
B) Runoff 2) Temperature
(c) Seedling
C) Evaporation 3) Double mass curve
(d) Pole
technique
► REPRODUCTION
(a) A-1, B-2, C-3
139. In which of the following tree species is the
(b) A-3, B-1, C-2
pollination of flowers done by insects? [APPPSC
(c) A-3, B-2, C-1
(ACF) 2022]
(d) A-2, B-3, C-1
(a) Juglans regia
134. _______ is a set of characteristics curve that (b) Bombax ceiba
describe the rainfall characteristics specific to the
(c) Tectona grandis
region [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
(d) Cedrus deodara
(a) Peak-Flow
140. Flowers that are pollinated by bees are known as
(b) Intensity-Duration-Frequency [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(c) Peak-Erodibility (a) Chiropterophily
(d) Peak-Intensity-Flow (b) Melittophily
135. Understanding of relationships between (c) Myophily
hydrological and biological processes at different (d) Ornithophily
scales to improve water security, enhance 141. Which of the following is a water-pollinated plant?
biodiversity and further opportunities for [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
sustainable development by lessening ecological (a) Water hyacinth
threats and maximising greater harmony within (b) Hydrilla
catchment processes, is called [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
(b) Dominant trees 160. Erosion, Physiography, Elevation and subsidence are
(c) Dominated trees the _____ causes of Primary Succession [APPSC
(d) Suppressed trees Forest Section Officer 2019]
155. ______ is using a growth model to estimate the (a) Initial
development of a stand through time under (b) Final
alternative conditions or cutting practices [APPSC (c) Continuous
Forest Section Officer 2019] (d) Secondary
(a) Validation 161. Plants adapted to a life in a dry or physiologically dry
(b) Monitoring habitat are known as [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(c) Simulation (a) Mesophytes
(d) Evaluation (b) Hygrophytes
(c) Xerophytes
FOREST SUCCESSION .
(d) Hydrophytes
156. The patches of pure Anogeissus latifolia in sal forests
FOREST TYPES .
is an example of [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(a) Sub climax 162. The tropical forests in India are differentiated into
(b) Preclimax ____ groups [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(c) Edaphic climax (a) Seven
(d) Post climax (b) Eight
157. Match the following authors and succession (c) Nine
theories [APPSC (FRO) 2022] (d) Five
A) Clements (1) Poly climax theory 163. Champion and Seth classified Indian forests on the
B) Tansley (2) Climax pattern and basis of climatic data and vegetation. Into how many
vegetation gradation groups did they make this classification? [APPPSC
theory (ACF) 2022]
C) Aubreville (3) Mosaic theory (a) 20
D) Whittaker (4) Climatic climax theory (b) 16
(c) 7
(a) (A-3), (B-2), (C-1), (D-4) (d) 25
(b) (A-1), (B-2), (C-3), (D-4) 164. According to Champion and Seth Classification,
(c) (A-4), (B-1), (C-3), (D-2) 1968, there are____ Major groups of forests in India
(d) (A-3), (B-1), (C-4), (D-2) [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
158. ‘Ecesis’ is process of succession that represents (a) Twelve
[APPSC (FRO) 2022] (b) Eight
(a) Migration of plants and animals to a new (c) Sixteen
habitat (d) Five
(b) Reaction of plants and animals to a new habitat 165. Identify the forests in which teak is the dominant
(c) Plants and animals refuse the new habitat species [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(d) Establishment of plants and animals in a new (a) Tropical evergreen forests
habitat (b) Tropical thorn forests and scrubs
159. In Sal (Shorea Robusta) climax forests of India, Xylia (c) Tropical deciduous forests
xylocarpa species is regenerating dominantly. This (d) Mangrove forests
succession represents [APPSC (FRO) 2022] 166. Shola are tropical montane forests found in the
(a) Climatic succession higher elevation hill regions of the [APPSC (FRO)
(b) Edaphic succession 2018]
(c) Climax succession (a) North-East India
(d) Retrogressive succession (b) Himalayas
(c) Western Ghats
181. Eucalyptus deglupta does not occur in [APPSC (FRO) (c) Monthly Plan of Operations
2018] (d) Annual Plan of operations
(a) Australia 188. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT
(b) Philippines regarding selection of a site for a nursery? [APPPSC
(c) Papua New Guinea (ACF) 2022]
(d) Indonesia (a) The site should be situated near a source of
182. …………. Is a multipurpose tree species which is adequate water supply.
native to Australia [APPPSC (ACF) 2022] (b) The site should be near a road for easy
(a) Robinia psuodoacacia transportation of nursery plants.
(b) Prosopis juliflora (c) The soil should be well-drained sandy loam.
(c) Leucaena leucocephala (d) In the Western Himalayas, southern aspect
(d) Casuarina equisetifolia should be preferred, but towards higher limits
of the altitudinal zone of the species, northern
SEED TECHNOLOGY . aspects are suitable
183. Seed treatment by which the hard seed coat is 189. In moister areas, nursery beds are usually raised
ruptured or weakened, mechanically or chemically ______ above the ground level [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
is called [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019] (a) 5 to 10 cm
(a) Stratification (b) 20 to 25 cm
(b) Pulverisation (c) 10 to 15 cm
(c) Scarification (d) 15 to 20 cm
(d) Briquetting 190. Root trainers used in nurseries are used [APPPSC
184. Alternate wetting and drying is the seed treatment (ACF) 2022]
followed for [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019] (a) To reduce the aboveground height of
(a) Tectona grandis transplanting stock
(b) Prosopis juliflora (b) To allow air pruning of roots and promote an
(c) Ceiba pentandra extensive and stronger root system
(d) Azadirachta indica (c) To produce adventitious roots in plants
185. Pre-germination seed treatment involves soaking (d) To encourage lignotuber formation in plants
hard and impermeable seeds in concentrated 191. Sowing of seeds in shallow holes made with suitable
[APPSC (FRO) 2018] instruments at definite intervals is called …………..
(a) Sulphuric acid [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(b) Boric acid (a) Patch sowing
(c) Citric acid (b) Pit sowing
(d) Oxalic acid (c) Ridge sowing
186. Certified seed is the progeny of [APPSC Forest Section (d) Dibbling
Officer 2019]
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION .
(a) Breeder seed
(b) Nucleus seed 192. The art of joining parts of plants together in such a
(c) Foundation seed way that they will readily unite and continue to grow
(d) None of the given options as one plant is called [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
FOREST NURSERY . (a) Cutting
(b) Budding
187. Is a tabular statement showing the order and extent
(c) Layering
of all works to be carried out during the year [APPSC
(d) Grafting
Forest Section Officer 2019]
(a) Two year Plan of operations 193. Saddle, Cleft, Veneer, Side, Bridge, Bark, Root are
various kinds of methods of vegetative propagation
(b) Biannual plan of operations
[APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
221. Calculate the spacing of rows in which plants are 225. Which of the followings is not a tending operation?
2.5 m apart if the plantation has 1000 plants per [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(a) Improvement felling
hectare [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – II]
(b) Pruning
(a) 4 m
(c) Regeneration felling
(b) 5 m
(d) Thinning
(c) 3.5 m
(d) 6 m 226. A method of thinning carried out in the irregular
crop [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
222. The number of plants required for 1 ha of
(a) Selection thinning
plantations in which plants are planted in square
(b) No thinning
planting of spacing 2 × 2 m2 [APPSC (ACF) 2022 (c) Advance thinning
General Forestry – II] (d) Crown thinning
(a) 12500
227. _______an yield table in which parameters have
(b) 2500
been given only for one grade of thinning which is
(c) 1500 usually C' grade [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(d) 3000 (a) Single yield table
(b) Money yield table
TENDING OPERATIONS .
(c) Multiple yield table
223. Select the correct statements with respect to weed (d) Volume yield table
control measures in forests [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
228. Tending operations and maintenance of crops in a
A) Prevent the spread of weed seed by human
forest is carried out as per the procedure laid out in
activities, by keeping agricultural and forest
its working plan, which aims for [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
machinery and objects clean.
(a) Regular Yield
B) Combat the spreading of weeds by using basic
(b) Progressive Yield
treatment such as ploughing, disking, tilling,
(c) Sustained Yield
etc.
(d) Productive Yield
C) Remove weeds by using flame and
229. The interval in years between successive thinning
superheated steam.
are called _______ [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
D) Use any soils and sowing of any multi-crop
(a) Thinning process
seeds.
(b) Thinning intensity
Options (c) Free thinning
(a) Statements A, B and D are correct (d) Thinning cycle
(b) Statements A, D and C are correct
ENERGY PLANTATION .
(c) Statements A, B and C are correct
(d) Statements B, C and D are correct 230. Silvicultural biomass or high-density plantation
forestry is a concept known as [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
224. Which of the following are tending operations often
(a) Agroforestry
done in a forest? [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
(b) Farm forestry
A) Weeding
B) Improvement felling (c) Energy plantations
ANSWER KEY
1 GENERAL FORESTRY
the uses and management of forests and highlight sustainability as 1.2 Forestry & Wildlife after
be complete only when certain categories of forest vegetation or 1.3 MoEFCC & Its Sub-
ordinated bodies
trees (i.e., Mahavan, Shrivan, and Tapovan) are preserved in and
1.4 Forestry Education
around its territory.
system
1.5 Forest Survey of India
Panchanada 1.6 FAO & Its State of the
van Naimishranya
world forest report
1.7 Forest types in India
1.8 Forest & wildlife related
Vaman van
acts, policies & missions
Dasarnaka van
1.9 Wildlife projects
Saurastra van Karusha van
1.10 National & International
Aparanraka van
days & years
Kalesa van
1.11 International
Organizations
Dandakaranya van
1.12 Superlatives in Forestry
1.13 Remarks
2 ANDHRA PRADESH
2.1 BACKGROUND
Chapter Outline
• The “bejewelled rice bowl of India”
• Carved out of Madras state on 1st October 1953
2.1 Background
• State reorganized : 1st November 1956
2.2 Forest Department
• Reorganized (Telangana excluded) on 2nd June 2014
2.4 Forest Resources
► STATE SYMBOLS
3.1 FOREST
Chapter Outline
The term forest has its roots in the early medieval European society.
The increasing population and the rise of new kingdoms and
3.1 Forest
serfdoms based on heavy exploitation of natural resources caused
3.2 Forest Classification
severe loss of Natural vegetation (what we call India - Jungle) to feed
3.3 Forestry
their increasing demands of food, fodder, fuel, and timber. Shrinking 3.4 Silviculture
Natural vegetation areas creates a shortage of Fuelwood and Timber 3.5 Roles of forest
in their ruling regions, so they start separating some parts of the 3.6 Important Terminology
land, which is usually unproductive and located at the boundaries of
Sacred Groves
village territory for rising tree crops that we know as woodland or
Silvology
forest for production of required resources Precision Silviculture
5
CLIMATIC FACTORS
• Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) : the portion of the light Storer plants
nm.
• Radiation’s interaction with the atmosphere : (a) Absorption,
(b) Reflection, (c) Scattering, etc.
• Insolation – the solar energy flow per unit area at the Earth's
surface is called insolation
Forestry
➢ Open Nutrient Cycling : In the agricultural system, once the nutrient goes down below the
Rhizosphere, they usually cannot return back to the production system because farm crops do not
have such a deep taproot system. So, there is a continuous leakage of nutrients from the production
system.
➢ Close Nutrient cycling : In the forest ecosystem, the vastness of the root system at different depths
makes it difficult for nutrients to leave the productive system, and often they are entirely absorbed
after their decomposition process ends.
➢ Close and leaky Nutrient cycling : in Agroforestry system.
[Forest trees make less demand on the soil for nutrients than annual crops because a large proportion of absorbed
nutrients are returned annually to the soil in leaf and fine root litter and are reabsorbed after biological breakdown of litter
materials. Also, a large portion of the nutrient requirement of trees is met through internal cycling compared with
agricultural crops].
The trees draw (a) Moisture, (b) minerals & organic nutrients, (c) Oxygen, and (d) root stabilizing growing
medium from the soil formed. Therefore, the parent rock affects the growth and distribution of tree species.
• In the western Himalayas, Chir-pine occurs mainly on Quartzite Rocks, while Blue Pine occurs on Mica
Schist. As the Kashmir and Kulu valleys have practically no quartzite formation, Chir is conspicuous by its
absence in these valleys; if quartzite occurs at higher altitudes, Chir appears there, i.e., In Parbatti valley
(H.P.), deodar occurs at lower altitudes on old and fresh alluvium. In contrast, Chir occurs above deodar at
higher altitudes on quartzite.
• Cupressus torulosa occurs mainly on limestone rocks, as in the Petrology : Study of Rocks and Minerals
Chakrata hills of Uttarakhand. Edaphology : Study of soil, especially
• While Teak grows on Lime-Rich Rocks, Sal usually avoids them. with respect to plant growth
Teak is absent from quartz and black cotton soil and often Pedology : discipline within soil science
avoids laterite sand where found. It is usually stunted. which focuses on understanding and
characterizing soil genesis, formation,
• Xylia Xylocarpa occurs gregariously in Laterites.
distribution and potential uses of soil
resources.
• Positive relationship : In-situ and ex-situ conservation and protection of plant & animal species. Regulate
its distribution through afforestation and introduction of exotics in new areas.
• Negative relationship : Shifting cultivation, accidental Forest fire, illicit felling and encroachment, grazing
and lopping, permanent Deforestation.
EXERCISE
1. Feeding on dead and decaying organisms is 4. Insectivorous plants are found [MPPSC Forest
known as [MPPSC Forest Service (Main) 2019 Re– Service (Main) Examination 2022]
Exam] (a) In carbon-deficient places
(a) Autotropic (b) In oxygen-deficient places
(b) Holozoic (c) In phosphorus-deficient places
(c) Saprophytic (d) In nitrogen-deficient places
(d) Parasitic 5. In South India which insect is used to control
2. In which of the eastern States the insectivorous Opuntia spp, a weed, in thorn forests? [APPPSC
plant “Pitcher” is found? [MPPSC Forest Service (FRO) 2022]
(Main) Examination 2020] (a) Orthezia insignis
(a) Nagaland (b) Cosmopterix pulchrimella
(b) Assam (c) Dactylopius coccus
(c) Mizoram (d) Estigmena chinensis
(d) Meghalaya 6. ______ is a total stem-parasite [APPPSC (ACF)
Hints : Nepenthes khasiana is the only type of pitcher 2022]
16 CHOICE OF SPECIES
16.2 FACTORS
A. SITE FACTORS
24 MANGROVES
Mangroves form the coastal and estuarine wetland ecosystem in the tropical and subtropical regions of
the world. This unique intertidal ecosystem acts as a safeguard to the coastlines from the disastrous
effects of storm surges, erosion, and floods. Some mangroves occur along open coasts, subject to
moderate wave processes, while most of them grow in sheltered, muddy tracts that are either regularly or
occasionally immersed by tides
▪ DEFINITION : Mangroves are the diverse group of salt-tolerant plant communities found in the
tropical and subtropical coastal and intertidal zone of the world, occurring mainly between latitude
240 N and 380 S.
24.1 | HABITAT
24.2 | DISTRIBUTION
► WORLD : The total Mangrove cover in the world is 15 million ha which is 1% of the Tropical Forests of
the World.
▪ Distribution : South East Asia (About 33% of the world's Mangrove Cover) > South America (15.6
%) > North and central America (14.7 %).
► INDIA : 4975 km2, which is 0.15% of the country's total geographical area.
▪ STATE/UTS-WISE : West Bengal = 2100 km2 (42.5 % of total mangroves in India) > Gujarat =
1175 km2 (23.66 %) > A & N = 600 km2 (12.5 %). Means, Sundarbans possess almost half of
the mangroves area of India.
CHAPTER
IMPORTANT TREE SPECIES
25 OF ANDHRA PRADESH
Unit-VI (C) : Silviculture of the following economically important species grown in Andhra Pradesh such as
– (1) Acacia nilotica (2) Azadirachta indica, (3) Dendrocalamus strictus, (4) Casuarina
equisetifolia, (5) Dalbergia sisoo, (6) Emblica officinalis, (7) Eucalyptus spp., (8) Gmelina
arborea, (9) Pterocarpus marsupium, (10) Pterocarpus santalinus (11) Santalum album (12)
Tectona grandis, (13) Melia dubia and (14) Leucaena leucocephala
o Coppicer well
Neem pesticides kill the insect through
o Produce root suckers [WII (M.Sc.) Entrance Examination (2003)
• Uses : Medicinal purpose (seed oil) - Nimbicide, Nimbin, Forestry]
Azadirectin, etc.; Neem coated urea ***, etc. (a) Blocking their metamorphosis
(b) Saponaceous action due to
• Azadirachtin*** disrupts the normal function of insects. It mimics
bitterness
the insect molting hormone, ecdysone, causing disruption of the
(c) It kills the insect eggs
molting process. Immature insects are unable to shed their (d) It checks the laying down of the
exoskeleton, preventing them from growing and eventually eggs by the insect
leading to death.
Aman Patidar Devesh Trivedi Arvind Singh Sachin Bhondele Jaikishan Sharma
Thakur
42 43 44 46 47
48 51 53 54 55
58 59 60 62 64
Anupam Mishra Amar Singh Somesh Sharma Keshav Meena Sunil Singh Jadon
Bhadoriya
67 68 72 73 74
76 77 83 84 87
Dharmendra
Deepak Bhadrasen Kashiram Ahirwar Jitendra Pandole Abhijeet Sankla Maida
Sachin Dodwe
90
61 Out
of 90 Selections in MPPSC
Forest Ranger (RFO) 2020
3 5 6 11 17
Anuradha Mishra Ajay Gupta Shobhit Joshi Dinesh Jangid Yash Dhoble
19 23 24 26 30
33 36 49 51 52
Vipin Verma Tushar Shinde Ashutosh Raj Jeena Sri Ashitosh Gupta
Jaswanth Chandra
53 55 56 67 70
73 88 95 102 115
Selections in
35 Out of 149 IFoS 2022
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