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APPSC Module 1 Sample

The document is a toolkit for the APPSC Forest Range Officer exam, providing comprehensive content on general forestry, silviculture, and mangroves. It includes a syllabus, previous year question analyses, and sections on various tree species and forestry principles. Additionally, it recognizes successful candidates from the Madhya Pradesh Forest Service 2020 exam.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
408 views35 pages

APPSC Module 1 Sample

The document is a toolkit for the APPSC Forest Range Officer exam, providing comprehensive content on general forestry, silviculture, and mangroves. It includes a syllabus, previous year question analyses, and sections on various tree species and forestry principles. Additionally, it recognizes successful candidates from the Madhya Pradesh Forest Service 2020 exam.

Uploaded by

ws1012078
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

2024

APPSC
FOREST RANGE OFFICER
T OO LKIT
The Ultimate Guide to Success

Module - 1

General Forestry – 1 [ Unit VI ]

General Forestry Forest resources State Forest

Silviculture Mangroves Tree Species


To all our successful candidates in

MADHYA PRADESH FOREST Service 2020


Assistant Conservator of Forest (ACF)

1 2 3 4 6

Ashish Vijaywar Ankit Sachindra Singh Shubham Soni Rahul Chouhan


Kumar Jain Tomar
Out Selections in MPPSC
5 of 6 Forest (ACF) 2020

RANGE FOREST OFFICER (RFO)

1 2 3 4 5

Gourav Dubey Saurabh Dubey Pawan Sharma Manish Sharma Kuldeep Baghel

6 7 9 10 12

Sushil Parmar Lantav Jain Shubham Manisha Mukati Vedant Goutam


Raghuvanshi

13 16 19 20 21

Shri Ram Dwivedi Shashi Prakash


Parag Jain Anil Kumar Anubhav Jain
Pandey

22 24 25 26 27

Ravindran Gupta Kuldeep Bohare Shubham Tiwari Yogesh Dhote Piyush Shukla

28 30 31 33 34

Yogendra Singh Amit Singh


Abhilash Pathak Manav Patidar Omkar Nath Mishra
Baghel Chandel
GENERAL FORESTRY
MODULE – 1

EDITION : 2024
+917223970423 [email protected]
Gole ka mandir, Morar, Gwalior (MP) 474005
Module - 1

CONTENT
PART – I : GENERAL FORESTRY
1. General Forestry 1 – 21
2. Andhra Pradesh 23 – 24
PART – II : SILVICULTURE
3. Forest, Forestry & Silviculture 25 – 33
4. Locality Factors 34 – 36
5. Climatic Factors 37 – 49
6. Edaphic Factors 50 – 57
7. Physiographic Factors 58 – 62
8. Biotic Factors 63 – 66
9. Influence of Forest on their environment 67 – 72
10. Tree’s Structure and Growth forms 73 – 77
11. Crop Morphology 78 – 85
12. Forest Succession 86 – 91
13. Forest Types in India 92 – 97
14. Natural Regeneration 98 – 105
15. Artificial Regeneration 106 – 110
16. Choice of Species 111 – 117
17. Seed Supply 118 – 127
18. Forest Nursery 128 – 137
19. Vegetative Propagation 138 – 143
20. Sowing and Planting 144 – 153
21. Maintenance of Plantation 154 – 155
22. Tending operations 156 – 165
23. Plantation Forestry 166 – 167
PART – III : Mangroves + Tree Species
24. Mangroves 168 – 173
25. Tree Species 174 – 187
FORESTRY

PYQs PAPER
ANALYSIS

PYQ ANALYSIS .

NUMBER OF QUESTIONS FRO 2018 Section officer 2019 ACF 2022 FRO 2022
60
50
39
40
28 30 30

20 11 9 11 10 10
4 4
0 0 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 0
0
General Forestry Forest resources State Silviculture Mangroves Tree Species

SYLLABUS.

FOREST RESOURCES : Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, important case studies. Timber extraction,
mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people
GENERAL SILVICULTURAL PRINCIPLES — ecological and physiological factors influencing vegetation, natural and
artificial regeneration of forests, methods of propagation, grafting techniques; site factors;

NURSERY AND PLANTING TECHNIQUES — nursery beds, polybags and maintenance, water budgeting, grading
and hardening of seedlings, special approaches, establishment and tending

SILVICULTURE OF THE FOLLOWING ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES grown in Andhra Pradesh such as – (1)
Acacia nilotica (2) Azadirachta indica, (3) Dendrocalamus strictus, (4) Casuarina equisetifolia, (5) Dalbergia sisoo,
(6) Emblica officinalis, (7) Eucalyptus spp., (8) Gmelina arborea, (9) Pterocarpus marsupium, (10) Pterocarpus
santalinus (11) Santalum album (12) Tectona grandis, (13) Melia dubia and (14) Leucaena leucocephala.

GENERAL FORESTRY .

► HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDS Royal Navy ship building activities? [APPSC (FRO)


2018]
1. The oldest teak plantation in the world is located in
(a) Terminalia tomentosa
which state of India? [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(b) Dipterocarpus macrocarpus
(a) Tamil Nadu
(c) Tectona grandis
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Azadirachta indica
(c) Karnataka
3. The first forest act of India that was passed during
(d) Kerala
the British rule in the year [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
2. Which tree species of India was heavily exploited
(a) 1799
during the early British period (1750 - 1900) for

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(b) 1865 11. The policies and guidelines of the Joint Forest
(c) 1947 Management are enunciated in [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(d) 1946 (a) The National Forest Policy of 1952
4. Which of the following is the oldest national park in (b) The National Forest Policy of 1988
India? [APPSC (FRO) 2022 General Forestry – II] (c) The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1972
(a) Bandipur National Park (d) The Biodiversity Act, 2002
(b) Kaziranga National Park 12. Hazardous waste (Management & handling) rules
(c) Jim Corbett National Park came into existence in the year ______ [APPSC
(d) Kanha National Park Forest Section Officer 2019]
5. The United Nations Conference on the Human (a) 1988
Environment was held in which year? [APPSC (FRO) (b) 1989
2018] (c) 1987
(a) 1971 (d) 1990
(b) 1972 13. The Convention on Biological Diversity entered into
(c) 1981 force on [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(d) 1982 (a) 29 December 1992
6. The Concurrent List includes which of the following? (b) 28 December 1993
[APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019] (c) 29 December 1993
(a) Forests (d) 28 December 1992
(b) Protection of wild animals and birds. 14. Which of the following litigations in the Honourable
(c) All of the given options Supreme Court of India proved to be a landmark in
(d) Prevention of cruelty to animals. forest conservation? [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
7. Who is the founder of the Appiko Movement? (a) Godavarman Thirumulpad v/s Union of India
[APPSC (FRO) 2018] (b) MC Mehta v/s Union of India
(a) Anil Jhoshi (c) TC Mehta v/s Union of India
(b) Sunderlal Bahuguna
(d) EC Richards v/s Forest Ranger Officer,
(c) Panduranga Hegde
Mettupalayam
(d) Vandana Shiva
15. The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights
8. Forest conservation act and Forest (Conservation)
Act was enacted by the Parliament of India in [APPSC
Amendment Bill were passed in the year [APPSC
(FRO) 2018]
(FRO) 2022]
(a) 2000
(a) 1927 and 2001
(b) 2001
(b) 1857 and 1947
(c) 2002
(c) 1980 and 2023
(d) 2003
(d) 1865 and 2000
16. Disaster Management Act was enacted in the year
9. Social Forestry programme was launched in [APPSC
[APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(FRO) 2022]
(a) 2005
(a) Seventh five year plan
(b) 2004
(b) Sixth five year plan
(c) 2003
(c) Fifth five year plan
(d) 2006
(d) Eighth five year plan
17. Which year the Forest Rights Act was enacted?
10. The Bhopal gas tragedy took place in the year [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
[APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(a) 2002
(a) 1981
(b) 2004
(b) 1982
(c) 2006
(c) 1983
(d) 2008
(d) 1984
18. The National Green Tribunal Act was enacted in the
year _____ [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]

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D) To clearly indicate the inter-relationship of (a) New Delhi


forest economy with rural and tribal economy. (b) Ooty
E) Employment, rights of user and involvement (c) Dehradun
of the local people should not be the priority (d) Kota
30. World Agroforestry Centre is located in [APPPSC
Options
(ACF) 2022]
(a) Statements A, B and D are correct (a) Kenya
(b) Statements A, B and E are correct (b) South Africa
(c) Statements C, E and D are correct (c) Ethiopia
(d) Statements B, C and E are correct (d) Zimbabwe
27. Forests are included in the Concurrent List in the 31. Where is the headquarters of the International
(Seventh Schedule) of the Constitution of India. This Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) located?
means that [APPSC (FRO) 2022] [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(a) Only the central government of India can enact (a) Kathmandu
the forest laws (b) New Delhi
(b) Forests are a state subject so state legislation (c) Dhaka
can enact the laws (d) Nairobi
(c) Both, the Centre and States are competent to
► DAYS / WEEKS
enact laws for forest conservation and use in
India 32. The International Day for Biological Diversity or
(d) The Centre can enact the laws and a State has World Biodiversity Day is a result of the United
to implement it Nations General Assembly recognising a set of
28. Identify the correct option from among the programmes to protect biodiversity. It is celebrated
following, that specifies the area to be kept under every year on [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
forest cover in India as per the ‘National Forest (a) 24 April
Policy 1988’. [APPSC (FRO) 2022] (b) 24 May
(a) One-fourth of the total land area of the country (c) 22 April
is under forest or tree cover, in which the hills (d) 22 May
and in mountainous regions should aim to 33. The first week of October is annually celebrated as
maintain one-third of the area under such [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
cover. (a) World Environmental Week
(b) 37% of total land area of the country under (b) Biodiversity Week
forest or tree cover in which the hills and in (c) World Wildlife Week
mountainous regions should aim to maintain (d) World Heritage Week
75% of the area under such cover. 34. Earth day is celebrated every year on ______ [APPSC
(c) One-third of the total land area of the country Forest Section Officer 2019]
under forest or tree cover in which the hills and (a) March 22nd
in mountainous regions should aim to maintain (b) March 21st
two-third of the area under such cover. (c) June 5th
(d) 37% of total land area of the country under (d) April 22nd
forest or tree cover in which the hills and in 35. When is the world Soil Day celebrated annually?
mountainous regions should aim to maintain [APPSC (FRO) 2018; APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
50% of the area under such cover (a) 5th July
(b) 5th September
► INSTITUTES/BODIES
(c) 5th April
29. The headquarters of the Indian Institute of Soil and (d) 5th December
Water Conservation is located at which of the
► FAMOUS PERSONALITIES
following places? [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]

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FORESTRY

36. Who is known as ‘the father of biodiversity’? ► SUPERLATIVES / BRANCHES


[APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
44. The tallest tree in the world is …………… [APPPSC
(a) Edward Johnson
(ACF) 2022]
(b) Edward O Wilson
(a) Sequoia sempervirens of California, USA
(c) Wilson Knight
(b) Pseudotsuga menziesii of Oregon, USA
(d) Peter Johnson
(c) Eucalyptus vernicosa of Tasmania, Australia
37. Who is popularly known as the “Waterman of India”
(d) Cedrus deodara of Himachal Pradesh, India
? [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
45. _____ is described as "wood of the poor" in India,
(a) Shirish Apte
"friend of the people" in China and "brother" in
(b) Ayyappa Masagi
Vietnam [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(c) Rajendra Singh
(a) Teak
(d) Aabid surti
(b) Acacia
38. Who is known as the birdman of India? [APPSC (FRO)
(c) Casuarina
2018]
(d) Bamboo
(a) Richard Meinertzhagen
46. What is the science of vegetable production called?
(b) Sálim Moizuddin Abdul Ali
[APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(c) RC Morris
(a) Oenology
(d) Norman Boyd Kinnear
(b) Olericulture
39. Who authored the book ‘Silent Spring’? [APPSC
(c) Pomology
(FRO) 2018]
(d) Viticulture
(a) Rachel Carson
47. ______ is the scientific study of animal behaviour
(b) John Muir
under natural conditions [APPSC Forest Section
(c) Aldo Leopold
Officer 2019]
(d) Valmik Thapar
(a) Phytology
40. Who coined the term ‘Biodiversity’? [APPPSC (ACF)
(b) Philology
2022]
(c) Ethology
(a) Lovejoy
(d) Teratology
(b) Rose Alter
48. _____ is a mobile app which turns a smartphone
(c) Walter G Rosen
into a tool that tracks diseased trees and delivers
(d) James Wangler
forest health data to scientists and forest managers
41. The term ‘social forestry’ was coined by [APPSC
around the world [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(FRO) 2018; APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(a) Tree tracker
(a) BT Kang
(b) Tree tagger
(b) JC Westoby
(c) Tree Book
(c) Dietrich Brandis
(d) Tree trails
(d) JB Raintree
42. The term social forestry was first used in 1976 in ► INSTITUTES LOCATION
India by [APPSC (FRO) 2018] 49. Where is the Indian Institute of Natural Resins and
(a) the National Commission on Agriculture Gums located? [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(b) the National Commission on Horticulture (a) Solan
(c) the National Commission on Forestry (b) Dehradun
(d) the National Commission on Silviculture (c) Ranchi
43. Who coined the term remote sensing? [APPPSC (d) Saharanpur
(ACF) 2022]
50. Where is the Central Silk Technological Research
(a) Harlow Shapley
Institute situated? [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(b) Walter Baade
(a) Itanagar
(c) Evelyn Pruitt
(b) Bengaluru
(d) Kiyotsugu Hirayama
(c) Pune

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(d) Mysuru (c) Green India


51. Where is the Indian Institute of Forest Management (d) Green GDP
situated? [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
FOREST RESOURCES .
(a) Bhopal
(b) Mumbai 58. Which of the following is responsible for surveying
(c) Kozhikode conducting survey and assessment of forest
(d) Indore resources in the country [APPSC (FRO) 2022 General
52. Where is the Indian Society for Ecological Economics Forestry – II]
situated? [APPSC (FRO) 2018] (a) Forest Research Institute (FRI)
(a) Delhi (b) Forest Survey of India (FSI)
(b) Chennai (c) Agriculture Survey of India (ASI)
(c) Bengaluru (d) Agriculture and Forest Survey of India (AFSI)
(d) Kolkata 59. What is the spatial resolution of LISS-III sensor?
53. Where is the Wildlife Institute of India situated? [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – II]
[APPSC (FRO) 2018] (a) 24 m
(a) Mussoorie (b) 80 m
(b) Haridwar (c) 30 m
(c) Bangalore (d) 10 m
(d) Dehradun
FOREST COVER .
54. Where is the headquarters of the CSIR-National
Environmental Engineering Research Institute 60. According to ISFR (2019), what is the percentage of
situated? [APPSC (FRO) 2018] the total forest cover in India? [APPSC (RFO) General
(a) Indore Forestry Paper - II 2018]
(b) New Delhi (a) 25.32%
(c) Nagpur (b) 21.67%
(d) Chennai (c) 23.17%
55. Where is the Central Road Research Institute (d) 24.78%
situated? [APPSC (FRO) 2018] 61. The forest cover of India as per FSI report 2021 is
(a) Pune 7,31,789 Sq. Km. As per this report what is the
(b) New Delhi percentage of forest cover? [APPSC (FRO) 2022
(c) Mumbai General Forestry – II]

(d) Nagpur (a) 33%


(b) 25.71%
► MISLANIOUS (c) 21.71%
56. What is the full form of CITES? [APPSC (FRO) 2018] (d) 30.71%
(a) Conservation of International Trade in 62. Which of the following states shows the maximum
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora loss in forest cover as per ISFR 2021? [APPSC (ACF)
(b) Convention on International Trade in 2022 General Forestry – I]
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (a) Tripura
(c) Convention on International Trade in Extant (b) Arunachal Pradesh
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (c) Himachal Pradesh
(d) Conservation of International Trade in Extant (d) Manipur
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 63. Forest Survey of India (FSI) classifies forests as per
57. Which of the following missions is NOT under the canopy density. As per canopy density, the forests of
National Action Plan on Climate Change? [APPSC India are classified as [APPSC (FRO) 2022 General
(FRO) 2018] Forestry – II]
(a) Sustainable Habitat (A) Very Dense Forests have a density of ________
(b) Water Mission

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FORESTRY

(B) Moderately Dense Forests have a density of The Total Forest and tree cover is _________ of the
______ geographical area of the country. As compared to
(C) Open Forests have a density of _____ ISFR 2019, the current assessment shows an
(D) Scrub Forests have a density of _____ increase of _______ forest and tree cover put
together at the national level. [APPSC (FRO) 2022
Options
General Forestry – II]
(a) (A) 100% and above 60%; (B) 40% to 60%; (C) (a) 24.62% ; 0.28%
30% to 40%; (D) 10% to 30% (b) 19.62% ; 1.28%
(b) (A) 70% and above; (B) 40% and more but less (c) 33% ; 2%
than 70%; (C) 10% and more but less than 40%; (d) 21.25% ; 3%
(D) less than 10% 68. As per the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021,
(c) (A) 90% to 60%; (B) 60% to 50%; (C) 50% to trees outside forests (TOF) are the main source of
40%; (D) 40% to 30% wood produced in the country, especially from the
(d) (A) 80% and above; (B) 50% and above; (C) 30% agroforestry sector. Which state is leading in extent
and above; (D) 20% and above of TOF (in area) [APPSC (FRO) 2022 General Forestry –
I]
TREE COVER (TOF) .
(a) Maharashtra
64. Tree cover is defined as [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General (b) Andhra Pradesh
Forestry – I] (c) Odisha
(a) Isolated trees and small patches of trees, which (d) Uttar Pradesh
are less than 1 ha in area and occurring inside
the recorded forest areas. STATE DATA .
(b) Isolated trees and small patches of trees, which 69. According to India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021
are less than 2 ha in area and occurring outside given by the Forest Survey of India, the recorded
the recorded forest areas. forest area of Andhra Pradesh is [APPSC (ACF) 2022
(c) Isolated trees and small patches of trees, which General Forestry – I]
are less than 1 ha in area and occurring outside (a) 37,258 km2
the recorded forest areas. (b) 36,258 km2
(d) Isolated trees and small patches of trees, which (c) 35,258 km2
are less than 1.5 ha in area and occurring inside (d) 38,258 km2
the recorded forest areas. 70. As per the ISFR 2021, the forest cover of Andhra
65. All trees present outside the recorded forest area Pradesh is _____ of the total geographical area of
(RFA) irrespective of their number and patch size, the country [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – I]
are termed as [APPSC (FRO) 2022 General Forestry – I] Question deleted
(a) Forest cover (a) 0.1828
(b) Trees outside forest (b) 0.1645
(c) Tree cover (c) 0.195
(d) Agroforestry (d) 0.172
66. As per ISFR 2021, the total forest and tree cover in 71. As per the ISFR 2021, which of the following forest
India is ______ of the geographical area of the types has the maximum area in Andhra Pradesh?
country [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – I] [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – I]
(a) 24.62% (a) Dry deciduous scrub forests
(b) 28.62% (b) Southern thorn forests
(c) 21.50% (c) Southern moist mixed deciduous forests
(d) 23.50% (d) Southern dry mixed deciduous forests
67. Two key findings of India State of Forest Report
(ISFR) 2021 are given here. Select the most CARBON STOCK .
appropriate option to fill in the blanks.

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72. As per India State of the Forest Report (ISFR) 2021, Hemisphere with long and very cold winters, are
the total carbon stock in forest is estimated as called _______ forests [APPSC (FRO) 2022 General
[APPSC (FRO) 2022 General Forestry – I] Forestry – I]
(a) 10,204 million tonnes (a) Semi-Evergreen
(b) 9204 million tonnes (b) Boreal
(c) 8204 million tonnes (c) Cloud
(d) 7204 million tonnes (d) Sub-Alpine
77. According to Global Forest Resource Assessment
FOREST FIRE MONITORING .
(GFRA) report 2020, considering the forest area, at
73. In 2020, ____________ developed a cost-effective which position is India ranked among different
and time-efficient methodology for the rapid countries of the world? [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General
Forestry – I]
assessment of forest areas affected by fire. In this
methodology, fire burnt forest areas show a (a) 5th
(b) 10th
conspicuous signature on satellite images. [APPSC
(FRO) 2022 General Forestry – II] (c) 3rd
(a) Forest Survey of India (d) 8th
(b) UNO 78. According to the Global Forest Goals Report 2021,
(c) Forest fire-prone States of India which country has converted nearly 35% of its total
(d) IIT Delhi forest area to community forests, due to which the
forest area has increased and the rate of
74. Which sensors are used by the Forest Survey of India deforestation has decreased? [APPSC (ACF) 2022
to identify forest fires in India? [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – I]
General Forestry – II] (a) Nepal
(a) High-Resolution Infra-Red Radiation Sounder (b) Bhutan
and Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (c) Indonesia
- Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (d) Philippines
(b) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-
79. According to the CIFOR-ICRAF Annual Report - 2020,
radiometer and Suomi-National Polar-orbiting
on an average ______ species are driven to
Partnership - Visible Infrared Imaging
extinction in the world’s tropical rainforests every
Radiometer Suite
day [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – I]
(c) High-Resolution Optical Imager and Moderate
(a) 150
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
(b) 137
(d) High-Resolution Optical Imager and High-
(c) 146
Resolution Infra-Red Radiation Sounder
(d) 127
GLOBAL DATA .
STATE-BASED QUESTIONS .
75. As per the ‘Global Forest Resource Assessment’ 80. State bird of Andhra Pradesh is [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(GFRA) report 2020 given by FAO, the top two (a) Psittacula krameri
countries with respect to forest area in the world are (b) Coracias garrulus
[APPSC (FRO) 2022 General Forestry – I] (c) Coracias benghalensis
(a) Russia and Brazil (d) Psittacula himalayana
(b) Russia and Canada 81. Dipterocarpus retusus, an important timber plant, is
(c) Canada and USA the state tree of [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(d) USA and Brazil (a) Assam
76. The forests that predominantly have a limited (b) Arunachal Pradesh
number of conifer species beside few deciduous (c) Meghalaya
genera, and occupy around 17% of the Earth’s land (d) Tripura
surface in the circumpolar belt of the far Northern

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82. In which year, Andhra Pradesh Forest Act come into (a) Yield
force? [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019] (b) Growing stock
(a) 1977 (c) Number of trees
(b) 1967 (d) Crop volume
(c) 1958 89. The practice of forestry in all its aspects on farm and
(d) 1972 village lands, generally more or less integrated with
83. Andhra Pradesh Water, Land Trees Act, 2002 other farm operations, is called [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(APWALTA) came into force on [APPSC (FRO) 2022] (a) Village forestry
(a) 15th June 2002 (b) Community forestry
(b) 19th April 2002 (c) Farm forestry
(c) 15th June 2004 (d) Social forestry
(d) 6th November 2002 90. The scope of social forestry does not include which
type of forestry? [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
84. Which of the following statements is true about
(a) Farm Forestry
Girijan Cooperative Corporation? [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
(b) Community Woodlots
(a) It is the marketing wing of Andhra Pradesh
(c) Community Reserve
Forest Department.
(d) Extension Forestry
(b) It is the main purchaser of Bamboo from
91. Silviculture originated in which continent? [APPSC
Andhra Pradesh Forest Department.
(FRO) 2018]
(c) It pays royalty to the Andhra Pradesh Forest
(a) Asia
Department for the collection and sale of non-
(b) Europe
timber forest products.
(c) North America
(d) It has full right to collect and sale non-timber
(d) South America
forest products in Andhra Pradesh
92. Which of the following is the regulative function of
FOREST FORESTRY SILVICULTURE . forest resources? [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
85. A virgin forest is a ________ forest [APPPSC (ACF) (a) Storage and release of gases
2022] (b) Production of timber
(a) Man-made (c) Provision of minor forest products
(b) Social (d) Conservation of soil and water
(c) Natural 93. Which of the following is NOT a provisioning service
(d) Recreational obtained from forests? [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
86. The various species which form a forest crop and (a) Fuel wood
their proportion in it is called [APPPSC (ACF) 2022] (b) Nutrient cycling
(a) Composition (c) Fibre
(b) Selection (d) Food
(c) Yield  In the context of ecosystem services, Provisioning
(d) Development Services refer to the Tangible Products and materials
87. _______ is a species of inferior quality or size, of that humans obtain directly from ecosystems, e.g.,
relatively little Silvicultural value or importance, Food, Raw Materials, Fresh water, Medicine, etc.
associated with the principal species [APPSC Forest 94. Which type of forest tends to have the highest
Section Officer 2019]
carbon sequestration potential? [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
(a) Accessory species
(a) Young and rapidly growing forests
(b) Lesser species
(b) Mature and stable forests
(c) Mediocre species
(c) Deforested areas
(d) Auxiliary species
(d) Plantations with single-species trees
88. The sum (by number or volume) of all the trees
growing in a forest, or a specified part of it is [APPSC  Mature and Stable Forests, also known as climax
(FRO) 2018; APPPSC (ACF) 2022] forests, are forests that have reached its maximum

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APPSC | 2024

development in terms of structure and species (c) Light


composition. Mature forests have reached a more (d) micronutrients
stable state. Their growth rate has slowed, so their 100. Response in the development of an organism to
carbon sequestration rate is lower than that of relative duration of day and night is termed as
younger forests. In contrast, Young and Rapidly [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
Growing Forests have a high rate of carbon uptake (a) Photosynthesis
because the trees are actively photosynthesizing (b) Photocycle
and growing. They are building biomass quickly, (c) Photoperiodism
which means more carbon is being pulled from the (d) Photosensitivity
atmosphere and stored in the trees. 101. Flowering of trees at an early age is known as [APPSC
Forest Section Officer 2019]
Official Answer : (b) Mature and stable forests
(a) Dioecious flowering
In Our opinion, (a) Young and rapidly growing forests. (b) Precarious flowering
(c) Monocarpic flowering
LOCALITY FACTORS .
(d) Precocious flowering
95. The relative productive capacity of an area for a 102. The rapid diameter increment of trees due to light
particular plant species is called _______ [APPPSC stimulus following increment fellings is known as
(ACF) 2022] ___ [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(a) Site quality (a) Induced increment
(b) Site index (b) Quick increment
(c) Site Productivity (c) Forced increment
(d) Site production (d) Light increment
96. Which one of the following is the most important 103. ______ is a light demander species of tropical moist
criteria for determining the site quality of an area? deciduous forests [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
[APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019] (a) Toona ciliate
(a) Crop height (b) Dalbergia sissoo
(b) Crop diameter (c) Pterocarpus marsupium
(c) Canopy density (d) Artocarpus chama
(d) Top height of the Crop 104. How can one prevent a heatstroke? [APPSC (FRO)
2022 General Forestry – II]
CLIMATIC FACTORS .
(a) Gradually letting one’s body acclimatise to
97. What is the process by which forests help in carbon warm temperatures over several weeks if one
sequestration? [APPSC (FRO) 2022] has to be in hot conditions for work or sports
(a) Photosynthesis (b) Always carrying ice packs while outside
(b) Respiration (c) Wearing wet inner clothes
(c) Combustion (d) Keeping your head and shoes wet
(d) Decomposition 105. According to IMD, drought refers to any area when
98. The energy of sunlight is first absorbed by the the rainfall deficiency in that area is ______ of its
pigments of the plant. All pigments active in long-term normal [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
photosynthesis are found in the [APPSC (FRO) 2018] (a) ≥ 30%
(a) Golgi apparatus (b) ≥ 26%
(b) Mitochondria (c) ≤ 24%
(c) Chloroplast (d) ≤ 20%
(d) Amyloplast 106. The drought tolerance in plants is due to [APPPSC
99. Etiolation of plants in greenhouses can be avoided (ACF) 2022]
by managing [APPSC (FRO) 2018] (a) Potassium
(a) Humidity (b) Manganese
(b) Temperature (c) Nitrogen

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(d) Boron B) The hyetograph is the graphical representation


of rainfall versus time.
 It helps in the opening and closing of stomata =
Options
Maintaining turgor pressure + increasing root
growth (a) Only statement B is correct
(b) Both statements A and B are incorrect
107. The plants in deserts are deep rooted. They
(c) Only statement A is correct
obtain a significant portion of the water that they
(d) Both statements A and B are correct
need from the zone of saturation. These plants
113. Hygrometer in a greenhouse is used for measuring
are called [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
I] (a) Temperature
(a) Spermatophytes (b) Light intensity
(b) Phaeophytes (c) Relative humidity
(c) Phreatophytes (d) Wind speed
(d) Phragmatophytes 114. Which of the following devices measures the
108. ______refers to a technique of lowering pressure of groundwater? [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
groundwater in waterlogged areas by raising tree (a) Barometer
plantations [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019] (b) Piezometer
(a) Bio-exhaustion (c) Rheometer
(b) Bio-drainage (d) Manometer
(c) Bio-depletion 115. ______ measure the amount of tension or pull plant
(d) None of the given options roots are exerting on the soil water and how tightly
109. For determination of average annual precipitation in water is held by the soil [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
a catchment or basin, the best accurate method is (a) Time domain reflectometers
[APPSC (FRO) 2022] (b) Neutron probes
(a) Arithmetical method (c) Piezometer
(b) Thiessen's mean method (d) Tensiometers
(c) Isohyetal method 116. Which of the following instrument is used for
(d) None of these measuring the direction of the wind? [APPSC Forest
110. The line joining the places having equal rainfall is Section Officer 2019]

called [APPPSC (ACF) 2022] (a) Anemometer


(a) Isobath (b) Barometer
(b) Isotherm (c) Weather-cock
(c) Contour line (d) Aneroid barometer
(d) Isohyet 117. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
[APPSC (FRO) 2018]
111. What is the average annual precipitation on Earth?
[APPSC (FRO) 2018] (a) Evaporation is significant in arid regions.
(a) 1200 mm (b) Transpiration is significant in humid regions.
(b) 1100 mm (c) Evaporation is less on humid days.
(c) 1000 mm (d) Evapotranspiration is often used synonymously
(d) 1500 mm with the consumptive use

112. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 118. In a greenhouse, the temperature of the leaf
[APPSC (FRO) 2022] surfaces are kept above the dew point to prevent
A) The mass rainfall curve is a plot between the [APPSC (FRO) 2018]

accumulated rainfall at a station as ordinate (a) Condensation


and time as abscissa, plotted in chronological (b) Evaporation
order. (c) Transpiration
(d) Precipitation

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APPSC | 2024

EDAPHIC FACTORS. (b) Limestone


(c) Laterites
119. Nitrogen-fixing ability of Casuarina is attributable to
(d) Mica schist
[APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
127. What type of pan is formed in the alluvial soils of
(a) Azotobacter
Uttar Pradesh and black cotton soils of the Deccan
(b) Azospirillum
region? [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(c) Frankia
(a) Silican
(d) Rhizobium
(b) Kankar
120. _____ is the process of converting ammonia to
(c) Podsolic
nitrate [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
(d) Lateritic iron
(a) Nitrification
128. In Central India, Soymida febrifuga, Acacia
(b) Assimilation
leucophloea and Chloroxylon swietenia are indicator
(c) Ammonification
plants of [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(d) Denitrification
(a) Clayey soil
121. The concentration of the essential element below
(b) Lime rich soil
which plant growth is retarded is called [APPPSC
(c) Stiff kankar clay
(ACF) 2022]
(d) Alluvial soil
(a) Critical concentration
(b) Crucial concentration BIOTIC FACTORS .
(c) Extremely low concentration
(d) Low concentration 129. ______ is a total stem-parasite [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
122. Nitrogen constitutes 25% of dry weight of plants. (a) Viscum
The source of nitrogen in soil is [APPPSC (ACF) 2022] (b) Cuscuta
(a) Atmosphere only (c) Loranthus
(b) Atmosphere and organic matter (d) Arceuthobiu
(c) Bacteria only 130. Match the following ecological processes that occur
(d) Fungal association of plants in forests [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
123. Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient? Organism 1 Organism 2
[APPSC (FRO) 2018] A) Commensalism 1) + 1) -
(a) Nitrogen B) Amensalism 2) + 2) +
(b) Phosphorus C) Predation 3) + 3) 0
(c) Magnesium D) Mutualism 4) - 4) 0
(d) Manganese
(a) (A-1), (B-2), (C-3) and (D-4)
124. Which among the micronutrient is essential for
(b) (A-4), (B-3), (C-2) and (D-1)
plant growth and metabolism [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
(c) (A-1), (B-2), (C-4) and (D-3)
(a) Potassium
(d) (A-3), (B-4), (C-1) and (D-2)
(b) Calcium
131. In South India which insect is used to control
(c) Manganese
Opuntia spp, a weed, in thorn forests? [APPSC (FRO)
(d) Magnesium
2022]
125. Inhibition of primary root growth in plants is often
(a) Orthezia insignis
associated with the deficiency of [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(b) Cosmopterix pulchrimella
(a) Nitrogen
(c) Dactylopius coccus
(b) Phosphorus
(d) Estigmena chinensis
(c) Potassium
(d) Iron  Cochineal insects (Dactylopius spp.) cling to the
126. Xylia xylocarpa occurs gregariously in which of the outside of the host plant and (similar to how
following parent rock types? [APPSC (FRO) 2018] mosquitos’ function on people) takes the plant's
(a) Quartzite food and moisture out, killing it. This method is used

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to limit the development of the Opuntia plant, often (a) Ground water hydrology
known as the prickly pear. (b) Hydroinformatics
(c) Hydrogeology
(d) Ecohydrology

FOREST STAND .

136. Lignotubers are modified stems developed from


double accessory buds in the axils of cotyledons
found in [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(a) Dalbergia sissoo
132. Loranthus is a _____ which causes damage to forest (b) Acacia arabica
trees [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019] (c) Albizia chinensis
(d) Eucalyptus tereticornis
(a) Epiphyte
137. Lignotubers are underground swellings found in
(b) Weed
most species of _______ [APPSC Forest Section
(c) Parasite
Officer 2019]
(d) Climber
(a) Eucalyptus
FOREST HYDROLOGY . (b) Casuarina
(c) Poplar
133. Match the following hydrological events and their
(d) Bamboos
measurement method/ the factors they depend on
[APPSC (FRO) 2022] ► GROWTH STAGES

Hydrological event Measurement and/or 138. A forest plant grown from seed, that attains a height
dependent upon of around six inches and has a few leaves, is called a
_______ [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
A) Inconsistency of 1) Topography
(a) Tree
rainfall data
(b) Sapling
B) Runoff 2) Temperature
(c) Seedling
C) Evaporation 3) Double mass curve
(d) Pole
technique
► REPRODUCTION
(a) A-1, B-2, C-3
139. In which of the following tree species is the
(b) A-3, B-1, C-2
pollination of flowers done by insects? [APPPSC
(c) A-3, B-2, C-1
(ACF) 2022]
(d) A-2, B-3, C-1
(a) Juglans regia
134. _______ is a set of characteristics curve that (b) Bombax ceiba
describe the rainfall characteristics specific to the
(c) Tectona grandis
region [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
(d) Cedrus deodara
(a) Peak-Flow
140. Flowers that are pollinated by bees are known as
(b) Intensity-Duration-Frequency [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(c) Peak-Erodibility (a) Chiropterophily
(d) Peak-Intensity-Flow (b) Melittophily
135. Understanding of relationships between (c) Myophily
hydrological and biological processes at different (d) Ornithophily
scales to improve water security, enhance 141. Which of the following is a water-pollinated plant?
biodiversity and further opportunities for [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
sustainable development by lessening ecological (a) Water hyacinth
threats and maximising greater harmony within (b) Hydrilla
catchment processes, is called [APPSC (FRO) 2022]

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(b) Dominant trees 160. Erosion, Physiography, Elevation and subsidence are
(c) Dominated trees the _____ causes of Primary Succession [APPSC
(d) Suppressed trees Forest Section Officer 2019]
155. ______ is using a growth model to estimate the (a) Initial
development of a stand through time under (b) Final
alternative conditions or cutting practices [APPSC (c) Continuous
Forest Section Officer 2019] (d) Secondary
(a) Validation 161. Plants adapted to a life in a dry or physiologically dry
(b) Monitoring habitat are known as [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
(c) Simulation (a) Mesophytes
(d) Evaluation (b) Hygrophytes
(c) Xerophytes
FOREST SUCCESSION .
(d) Hydrophytes
156. The patches of pure Anogeissus latifolia in sal forests
FOREST TYPES .
is an example of [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(a) Sub climax 162. The tropical forests in India are differentiated into
(b) Preclimax ____ groups [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(c) Edaphic climax (a) Seven
(d) Post climax (b) Eight
157. Match the following authors and succession (c) Nine
theories [APPSC (FRO) 2022] (d) Five
A) Clements (1) Poly climax theory 163. Champion and Seth classified Indian forests on the
B) Tansley (2) Climax pattern and basis of climatic data and vegetation. Into how many
vegetation gradation groups did they make this classification? [APPPSC
theory (ACF) 2022]
C) Aubreville (3) Mosaic theory (a) 20
D) Whittaker (4) Climatic climax theory (b) 16
(c) 7
(a) (A-3), (B-2), (C-1), (D-4) (d) 25
(b) (A-1), (B-2), (C-3), (D-4) 164. According to Champion and Seth Classification,
(c) (A-4), (B-1), (C-3), (D-2) 1968, there are____ Major groups of forests in India
(d) (A-3), (B-1), (C-4), (D-2) [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
158. ‘Ecesis’ is process of succession that represents (a) Twelve
[APPSC (FRO) 2022] (b) Eight
(a) Migration of plants and animals to a new (c) Sixteen
habitat (d) Five
(b) Reaction of plants and animals to a new habitat 165. Identify the forests in which teak is the dominant
(c) Plants and animals refuse the new habitat species [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(d) Establishment of plants and animals in a new (a) Tropical evergreen forests
habitat (b) Tropical thorn forests and scrubs
159. In Sal (Shorea Robusta) climax forests of India, Xylia (c) Tropical deciduous forests
xylocarpa species is regenerating dominantly. This (d) Mangrove forests
succession represents [APPSC (FRO) 2022] 166. Shola are tropical montane forests found in the
(a) Climatic succession higher elevation hill regions of the [APPSC (FRO)
(b) Edaphic succession 2018]
(c) Climax succession (a) North-East India
(d) Retrogressive succession (b) Himalayas
(c) Western Ghats

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(d) North Bengal (b) Abies pindrow


167. A forest growing at or near seashores, beach forests (c) Populus ciliata
and tidal forests are a type of [APPPSC (ACF) 2022] (d) Madhuca latifolia
(a) tropical moist forest 175. Which one of the following is a bad coppieer?
(b) tropical wet evergreen forest [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(c) littoral and swamp forest (a) Casuarina equisetifolia
(d) dry evergreen forest (b) Butea monosperma
(c) Emblica officinalis
FOREST REGENERATION . (d) Prosopis juliflora
168. What is the main objective of afforestation? [APPSC 176. Which of the following species is pollarded to
(FRO) 2022] produce shoots suitable for fibre extraction in
(a) Increase urban green spaces Andhra Pradesh? [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(b) Improve soil fertility (a) Xylia xylocarpa
(c) Restore and expand forest cover (b) Butea monosperma
(d) Provide timber for commercial purposes (c) Anogeissus latifolia
169. Afforestation is a long-term solution to [APPSC (FRO) (d) Hardwickia binata
2022] 177. Dying back phenomenon is not observed in one of
(a) Urbanisation the following species [APPSC Forest Section Officer
(b) Desertification 2019]
(c) Overfishing (a) Shorea robusta
(d) Industrialisation (b) Terminalia tomentosa
170. Adiantum caudatum is propagated by _______ (c) Pterocarpus santalinus
[APPSC (FRO) 2022] (d) Tectona grandis
(a) Leaf-tip and rhizome 178. The type of germination of seed where cotyledons
(b) Gemmae emerge out of the soil is called germination [APPSC
(c) Gootee Forest Section Officer 2019]
(d) Cutting (a) Mesocotyl
171. The seed of oaks is dispersed by [APPPSC (ACF) 2022] (b) Epigeal
(a) Birds (c) Hypogeal
(b) Water (d) Hypocotyl
(c) Gravity 179. The forest crop is renewed by which of the
(d) Animals following? [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
172. ______ are the good seed years of Shorea robusta A) Natural regeneration
[APPPSC (ACF) 2022] B) Afforestation
(a) 1-2 years C) Agroforestry
(b) 6-7 years D) Reforestation
(c) 8-10 years (a) A, C, and D
(d) 3-5 years (b) B, C, and D
173. In moist teak forests, adverse effects on the natural (c) A, B, and D
regeneration of teak are due to …………… [APPPSC (d) A, B, C, and D
(ACF) 2022]
CHOICE OF SPECIES .
(a) Indiscriminate use of weedicides
(b) Poor management of trees 180. Which type of trees is commonly planted in
(c) Indiscriminate tree felling afforestation projects? [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
(d) Indiscriminate fire protection (a) Exotic and invasive species
174. Which of the following trees species has strong (b) Endangered and rare species
coppicing ability? [APPPSC (ACF) 2022] (c) Native and indigenous species
(a) Emblica officinalis (d) Fruit-bearing trees

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181. Eucalyptus deglupta does not occur in [APPSC (FRO) (c) Monthly Plan of Operations
2018] (d) Annual Plan of operations
(a) Australia 188. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT
(b) Philippines regarding selection of a site for a nursery? [APPPSC
(c) Papua New Guinea (ACF) 2022]
(d) Indonesia (a) The site should be situated near a source of
182. …………. Is a multipurpose tree species which is adequate water supply.
native to Australia [APPPSC (ACF) 2022] (b) The site should be near a road for easy
(a) Robinia psuodoacacia transportation of nursery plants.
(b) Prosopis juliflora (c) The soil should be well-drained sandy loam.
(c) Leucaena leucocephala (d) In the Western Himalayas, southern aspect
(d) Casuarina equisetifolia should be preferred, but towards higher limits
of the altitudinal zone of the species, northern
SEED TECHNOLOGY . aspects are suitable
183. Seed treatment by which the hard seed coat is 189. In moister areas, nursery beds are usually raised
ruptured or weakened, mechanically or chemically ______ above the ground level [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
is called [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019] (a) 5 to 10 cm
(a) Stratification (b) 20 to 25 cm
(b) Pulverisation (c) 10 to 15 cm
(c) Scarification (d) 15 to 20 cm
(d) Briquetting 190. Root trainers used in nurseries are used [APPPSC
184. Alternate wetting and drying is the seed treatment (ACF) 2022]
followed for [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019] (a) To reduce the aboveground height of
(a) Tectona grandis transplanting stock
(b) Prosopis juliflora (b) To allow air pruning of roots and promote an
(c) Ceiba pentandra extensive and stronger root system
(d) Azadirachta indica (c) To produce adventitious roots in plants
185. Pre-germination seed treatment involves soaking (d) To encourage lignotuber formation in plants
hard and impermeable seeds in concentrated 191. Sowing of seeds in shallow holes made with suitable
[APPSC (FRO) 2018] instruments at definite intervals is called …………..
(a) Sulphuric acid [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
(b) Boric acid (a) Patch sowing
(c) Citric acid (b) Pit sowing
(d) Oxalic acid (c) Ridge sowing
186. Certified seed is the progeny of [APPSC Forest Section (d) Dibbling
Officer 2019]
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION .
(a) Breeder seed
(b) Nucleus seed 192. The art of joining parts of plants together in such a
(c) Foundation seed way that they will readily unite and continue to grow
(d) None of the given options as one plant is called [APPSC (FRO) 2018]
FOREST NURSERY . (a) Cutting
(b) Budding
187. Is a tabular statement showing the order and extent
(c) Layering
of all works to be carried out during the year [APPSC
(d) Grafting
Forest Section Officer 2019]
(a) Two year Plan of operations 193. Saddle, Cleft, Veneer, Side, Bridge, Bark, Root are
various kinds of methods of vegetative propagation
(b) Biannual plan of operations
[APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]

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FORESTRY

(c) Soilless culture (c) Tiberius


(d) Protected culture (d) Cardinal Lucien Bonaparte
207. ______ are groups of plants that are identical to 214. Orientation of single greenhouses with latitude
their one parent and can only be propagated above 40o N should have ridge running ……………
asexually [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019] [APPSC (Forest Section Officers) 2019]
(a) Clones (a) North East to South West
(b) Seedlings (b) North to South
(c) Buds (c) North West to South East
(d) Saplings (d) East to West
208. What is an ortet? [APPSC (FRO) 2018] 215. ……………. Is a general term which applies to the
(a) A stem cutting growing of plants without soil in an inert medium
(b) A root cutting into which nutrient solutions are usually pumped
(c) A group of genetically identical individuals automatically at regular intervals. [APPSC (Forest
derived from one progenitor Section Officers) 2019]
(d) The original single parent plant from which a (a) Inorganic culture
clone is ultimately derived (b) Gravel culture
209. How many types of greenhouses are there? [APPSC (c) Organic culture
(FRO) 2018] (d) Hydroponic culture
(a) 2 216. Damping off disease in nursery seedlings is
(b) 3 caused by [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry –
(c) 4 I]
(d) 5 (a) Bacteria
210. The Eden Project, the world’s largest greenhouse (b) Virus
project, is located in which country? [APPSC (FRO) (c) Actinomycetes
2018] (d) Fungi
(a) England
(b) The Netherlands MENTENANCE OF PLANTATION .
(c) France
217. Ring pit is a type of pit dug out for planting, which is
(d) Germany
suitable for [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
211. In greenhouses, the primary environmental (a) Sandy soils
parameter traditionally controlled is [APPSC (FRO) (b) Loamy soils
2018] (c) Clay soils
(a) Temperature (d) Saline alkaline soils
(b) Humidity
218. Calculate the quantity of plants required for raising
(c) Wind
10-hectare plantation at a spacing of 2.5 m × 2.5 m.
(d) Precipitation
[APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
212. The greenhouse industry in the Netherlands relies (a) 20000
heavily on glass-framed greenhouses in order to (b) 16000
cope up with [APPSC (FRO) 2018] (c) 15000
(a) Cloudy conditions (d) 25000
(b) High precipitation
219. The number of plants required for 10 hectares of
(c) High humidity
plantation in which the plants are planted at 2.5 ×
(d) Extremely low temperature
2.5 m will be [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
213. Who designed the first modern greenhouse? [APPSC (a) 32000
(FRO) 2018] (b) 20000
(a) Charles Lucien Bonaparte (c) 16000
(b) Russ Finch

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APPSC | 2024

(d) 12000 C) Clear felling


220. Calculate the spacing of rows in which plants have D) Girdling
to be 2.5 m apart and the plantation has 1000 plants
Options
per hectare [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
(a) 6 m (a) C and D
(b) 4 m (b) A, B, and C
(c) 3.5 m (c) B, C, and D
(d) 5 m (d) A and B

221. Calculate the spacing of rows in which plants are 225. Which of the followings is not a tending operation?
2.5 m apart if the plantation has 1000 plants per [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(a) Improvement felling
hectare [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – II]
(b) Pruning
(a) 4 m
(c) Regeneration felling
(b) 5 m
(d) Thinning
(c) 3.5 m
(d) 6 m 226. A method of thinning carried out in the irregular
crop [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
222. The number of plants required for 1 ha of
(a) Selection thinning
plantations in which plants are planted in square
(b) No thinning
planting of spacing 2 × 2 m2 [APPSC (ACF) 2022 (c) Advance thinning
General Forestry – II] (d) Crown thinning
(a) 12500
227. _______an yield table in which parameters have
(b) 2500
been given only for one grade of thinning which is
(c) 1500 usually C' grade [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
(d) 3000 (a) Single yield table
(b) Money yield table
TENDING OPERATIONS .
(c) Multiple yield table
223. Select the correct statements with respect to weed (d) Volume yield table
control measures in forests [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
228. Tending operations and maintenance of crops in a
A) Prevent the spread of weed seed by human
forest is carried out as per the procedure laid out in
activities, by keeping agricultural and forest
its working plan, which aims for [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
machinery and objects clean.
(a) Regular Yield
B) Combat the spreading of weeds by using basic
(b) Progressive Yield
treatment such as ploughing, disking, tilling,
(c) Sustained Yield
etc.
(d) Productive Yield
C) Remove weeds by using flame and
229. The interval in years between successive thinning
superheated steam.
are called _______ [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
D) Use any soils and sowing of any multi-crop
(a) Thinning process
seeds.
(b) Thinning intensity
Options (c) Free thinning
(a) Statements A, B and D are correct (d) Thinning cycle
(b) Statements A, D and C are correct
ENERGY PLANTATION .
(c) Statements A, B and C are correct
(d) Statements B, C and D are correct 230. Silvicultural biomass or high-density plantation
forestry is a concept known as [APPPSC (ACF) 2022]
224. Which of the following are tending operations often
(a) Agroforestry
done in a forest? [APPSC (FRO) 2022]
(b) Farm forestry
A) Weeding
B) Improvement felling (c) Energy plantations

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FORESTRY

(d) Social forestry 237. According to IUCN, Pterocarpus santalinus is


231. The Planning Commission of India has considered under which of the following categories?
recommended which of the following species for [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – I]
biodiesel production? [APPPSC (ACF) 2022] (a) Endangered
(a) Jatropha curcas (b) Vulnerable
(b) Garcinia indica (c) Near Threatened
(c) Sapium sebiferum (d) Least concern
(d) Madhuca indica 238. Which of the following is from the Fabaceae family?
232. Which of the following plants does NOT yield bio- [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – I]
diesel? [APPSC (FRO) 2018] (a) Desmodium gangeticum
(a) Simarouba glauca (b) Bromus innermis
(b) Pongamia pinnata (c) Desmostachya bipinnata
(c) Calophyllum inophyllum (d) Apluda mutica
(d) Xylia Xylocarpa 239. Which of the following tree species is classified into
233. Which of the following is a second-generation four broad types, namely, Hawaiian, Salvador, Peru
biofuel feedstock? [APPSC (FRO) 2018] and Cunningham? [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General
(a) Sugarcane Forestry – I]
(b) Sugar beet (a) Populus deltoides
(c) Corn (b) Leucaena leucocephala
(d) Woodchips (c) Dalbergia sisoo
(d) Eucalyptus globulus
MANGROVES .
240. Spike disease of sandalwood (Santalum album) is
234. Rhizophora species are characteristic of which kind caused by [APPSC (ACF) 2022 General Forestry – I]
of forest type? [APPSC (FRO) 2018] (a) Fusarium moniliformae
(a) Grassland (b) Fusarium oxysporum
(b) Alpine forest (c) Rhizoctonia solani
(c) Mangrove (d) Phytoplasma
(d) Tropical rainforest 241. Bamboos belong to which plant family [APPSC (FRO)
235. The type of germination where the seed germinates 2018 General Forestry Paper - I]
inside the fruit while still attached to the parent tree (a) Myrtaceae
is called [APPPSC (ACF) 2022] (b) Moraceae
(a) Hypogeal (c) Poaceae
(b) Epigeal (d) Fabaceae
(c) Vivipary 242. Eucalyptus deglupta does not occur in [APPSC (FRO)
(d) Advance 2018 General Forestry Paper - I]
236. ______________, located in the northern Bay of (a) Australia
Bengal, is the world's largest single patch of (b) Philippines
mangrove forests. It is spread over approximately (c) Papua New Guinea
10,000 km2 in Bangladesh and India [APPSC (FRO) (d) Indonesia
2022] 243. Which tree species of India was heavily exploited
(a) Oceania during the early British period (1750- 1900) for
(b) Thar Royal Navy ship building activities? [APPSC (FRO)
(c) Sundarbans 2018 General Forestry Paper - I]
(d) Swamp of Bengal (a) Terminalia tomentosa
(b) Dipterocarpus macrocarpus
INDIAN TREE SPECIES .
(c) Tectona grandis
(d) Azadirachta indica

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APPSC | 2024

244. The flame-of-the-forest is the common name of (b) Phanerapurpurea


which of the following tree species? [APPSC (FRO) (c) Butea monosperma
2018 General Forestry Paper - I] (d) Lagerstroemia lanceolata
(a) Bombax ceiba

ANSWER KEY

1. d 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. b 6. c 7. c 8. c 9. c 10. d 11. b 12. b


13. c 14. a 15. b 16. a 17. c 18. c 19. c 20. b 21. b 22. c 23. a 24. b
25. b 26. a 27. c 28. c 29. c 30. a 31. d 32. d 33. c 34. d 35. d 36. b
37. c 38. b 39. a 40. c 41. b 42. a 43. c 44. a 45. d 46. b 47. c 48. b
49. c 50. b 51. a 52. a 53. d 54. c 55. b 56. b 57. d 58. b 59. a 60. b
61. c 62. b 63. b 64. c 65. b 66. a 67. a 68. a 69. a 70. 71. d 72. d
81. a,
73. a 74. b 75. a 76. b 77. b 78. a 79. b 80. a 82. b 83. b 84. c
b
92. a,
85. c 86. a 87. a 88. b 89. c 90. c 91. b 93. b 94. b 95. a 96. d
d
97. a 98. c 99. c 100. c 101. d 102. d 103. b 104. a 105. b 106. a 107. c 108. b
109. c 110. d 111. c 112. c 113. c 114. b 115. d 116. c 117. b 118. a 119. c 120. a
121. a 122. b 123. d 124. c 125. b 126. c 127. b 128. c 129. b 130. d 131. c 132. c
133. b 134. b 135. d 136. d 137. a 138. c 139. c 140. b 141. b 142. b 143. a 144. c
145. b 146. c 147. d 148. c 149. b 150. c 151. a 152. a 153. c 154. c 155. c 156. b
157. c 158. d 159. b 160. a 161. c 162. a 163. b 164. d 165. c 166. c 167. c 168. c
171.
169. b 170. a 172. d 173. d 174. a 175. a 176. d 177. d 178. b 179. c 180. c
a, c, d
181. a 182. d 183. c 184. a 185. a 186. c 187. 188. d 189. c 190. b 191. d 192. d
193. d 194. a 195. c 196. b 197. a 198. c 199. b 200. a 201. c 202. c 203. d 204. b
205. d 206. a 207. a 208. d 209. 210. a 211. a 212. a 213. a 214. d 215. b 216. d
217. a 218. b 219. c 220. b 221. a 222. b 223. c 224. d 225. c 226. a 227. a 228. c
229. d 230. c 231. a 232. d 233. d 234. c 235. c 236. c 237. a 238. a 239. b 240. d
241. c 242. a 243. c 244. c

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CHAPTER

1 GENERAL FORESTRY

1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Chapter Outline


Our religious texts such as Vedas, Aranyakas (Aranya in Sanskrit
means Forest), Upanishad, and Smritis contain many descriptions of 1.1 Historical background

the uses and management of forests and highlight sustainability as 1.2 Forestry & Wildlife after

an implicit theme. According to Vedic traditions, every village would independence

be complete only when certain categories of forest vegetation or 1.3 MoEFCC & Its Sub-
ordinated bodies
trees (i.e., Mahavan, Shrivan, and Tapovan) are preserved in and
1.4 Forestry Education
around its territory.
system
1.5 Forest Survey of India
Panchanada 1.6 FAO & Its State of the
van Naimishranya
world forest report
1.7 Forest types in India
1.8 Forest & wildlife related
Vaman van
acts, policies & missions
Dasarnaka van
1.9 Wildlife projects
Saurastra van Karusha van
1.10 National & International

Aparanraka van
days & years
Kalesa van

1.11 International
Organizations
Dandakaranya van
1.12 Superlatives in Forestry
1.13 Remarks

► In Vishnu Puran (one of the eighteen Maharana's), there is a


Mahavan : Great natural forest;
description of 13 types of forest occurring in different parts of
Equivalent of modern-day
the country, few of them are - Angireya Vana (Bengal and ‘Protected forest’
Assam), Prachya Vana (Bihar, UP, Nepal), Naimisharanya Shrivan : Forest of prosperity;
Production forest / Planted
(central UP), Panchanada vana (Punjab + J & K), Aparantaka
forest for the production of
Vana (MH), Dandkarandya van, Kalinga Van, Saurashtra
fuel, fodder, Timber, etc.
Vana, Kalesha van (south of river Narmada), Vaman vana Tapovan : Home of sages; Being
(near Gwalior), Dasarnaka vana (around Bhopal, Sagar, sacred, no animal or tree could
be harmed in these forests
CHAPTER

2 ANDHRA PRADESH

2.1 BACKGROUND
Chapter Outline
• The “bejewelled rice bowl of India”
• Carved out of Madras state on 1st October 1953
2.1 Background
• State reorganized : 1st November 1956
2.2 Forest Department
• Reorganized (Telangana excluded) on 2nd June 2014
2.4 Forest Resources
► STATE SYMBOLS

Symbol English Name Scientific name Family


Stare Neem (Vepa
Azadirachta indica Meliaceae
Tree chettu)
State Blackbuck
Antilope cervicapra Bovidae
animal (Krishna Jinka)
Rose-ringed
State
parakeet (Rama Psittacula krameri
Bird
chiluka)
State
Jasmine Jasminum officinale
Flower

The emblem consists of a Purna Ghataka at the centre surrounded


by a Dhramchakara in a circular form that denotes the “wheel of
law,” further surrounded by the state’s name in three different
languages: Telugu, English, and Hindi.

2.2 FOREST DEPARTMENT

The forests referred to as "Dandakaranya" in the Ramayana spread


over a great extent of Andhra Pradesh.

The forests of the Andhra region came under separate management


in 1953 when the Andhra State was formed from the Madras State.
Before 1953, the forest history of Andhra Pradesh was the same as
that of Madras State.

Forest conservancy was first established in 1856 through the efforts


of Cleghorn, and by the end of 1870, several forest blocks were
demarcated. The Madras Forest Act V of 1882 came into force on
January 1, 1883.
CHAPTER FOREST, FORESTRY
3 & SILVICULTURE

3.1 FOREST
Chapter Outline
The term forest has its roots in the early medieval European society.
The increasing population and the rise of new kingdoms and
3.1 Forest
serfdoms based on heavy exploitation of natural resources caused
3.2 Forest Classification
severe loss of Natural vegetation (what we call India - Jungle) to feed
3.3 Forestry
their increasing demands of food, fodder, fuel, and timber. Shrinking 3.4 Silviculture
Natural vegetation areas creates a shortage of Fuelwood and Timber 3.5 Roles of forest
in their ruling regions, so they start separating some parts of the 3.6 Important Terminology
land, which is usually unproductive and located at the boundaries of
Sacred Groves
village territory for rising tree crops that we know as woodland or
Silvology
forest for production of required resources Precision Silviculture

• Forest term derived from a Latin *** ***


word foris which means
outside of village boundary***

Figure 3.1 : A medieval European village


DEFINITION

• Forest is an area set aside for the production of timber and


other forest produce or to get other indirect benefits from it
[Technical definition].
CHAPTER

5
CLIMATIC FACTORS

Climate is the average weather prevalent in any locality that


influences our forest vegetation, i.e., light, atmospheric
Chapter Outline
temperature, pressure & humidity, wind, etc.
5.1 Solar radiation
Related terminology
Importance
Species behaviour

Humidity + Moisture toward light


Solar Radiation 2
5.2 Temperature
1
Temperature zones
Importance of
Temperature
4 Effects of temperature
Temperature
3 Types of Frost; Frost
Wind resistance & Species
behaviour
Snow, its beneficial &
Figure 5.1 : Climatic factors harmful effects

5.1 SOLAR RADIATION 5.3 Wind


Beneficial & harmful
Solar radiation is the primary source of energy for photosynthesis. effects
Factors such as quality, intensity, and duration of light affect the 5.4 Moisture
vegetation or indirectly the entire forest ecosystem. Types of precipitation

Related Terminology Source of Moisture


Importance of water
• Solar constant – Energy falling in one minute on a surface area
Water-logging / Flood
of 1 cm2 at the outer boundary of the atmosphere. Value = 2
Drought
Cal/cm2/minute Water tapper, Saver and

• Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) : the portion of the light Storer plants

spectrum utilized by plants for photosynthesis, 400 nm to 700 5.5 Add-on

nm.
• Radiation’s interaction with the atmosphere : (a) Absorption,
(b) Reflection, (c) Scattering, etc.
• Insolation – the solar energy flow per unit area at the Earth's
surface is called insolation
Forestry
➢ Open Nutrient Cycling : In the agricultural system, once the nutrient goes down below the
Rhizosphere, they usually cannot return back to the production system because farm crops do not
have such a deep taproot system. So, there is a continuous leakage of nutrients from the production
system.
➢ Close Nutrient cycling : In the forest ecosystem, the vastness of the root system at different depths
makes it difficult for nutrients to leave the productive system, and often they are entirely absorbed
after their decomposition process ends.
➢ Close and leaky Nutrient cycling : in Agroforestry system.

[Forest trees make less demand on the soil for nutrients than annual crops because a large proportion of absorbed
nutrients are returned annually to the soil in leaf and fine root litter and are reabsorbed after biological breakdown of litter
materials. Also, a large portion of the nutrient requirement of trees is met through internal cycling compared with
agricultural crops].

6.6 INFLUENCE OF PARENT ROCK ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF TREE SPECIES

The trees draw (a) Moisture, (b) minerals & organic nutrients, (c) Oxygen, and (d) root stabilizing growing
medium from the soil formed. Therefore, the parent rock affects the growth and distribution of tree species.
• In the western Himalayas, Chir-pine occurs mainly on Quartzite Rocks, while Blue Pine occurs on Mica
Schist. As the Kashmir and Kulu valleys have practically no quartzite formation, Chir is conspicuous by its
absence in these valleys; if quartzite occurs at higher altitudes, Chir appears there, i.e., In Parbatti valley
(H.P.), deodar occurs at lower altitudes on old and fresh alluvium. In contrast, Chir occurs above deodar at
higher altitudes on quartzite.
• Cupressus torulosa occurs mainly on limestone rocks, as in the Petrology : Study of Rocks and Minerals
Chakrata hills of Uttarakhand. Edaphology : Study of soil, especially
• While Teak grows on Lime-Rich Rocks, Sal usually avoids them. with respect to plant growth

Teak is absent from quartz and black cotton soil and often Pedology : discipline within soil science
avoids laterite sand where found. It is usually stunted. which focuses on understanding and
characterizing soil genesis, formation,
• Xylia Xylocarpa occurs gregariously in Laterites.
distribution and potential uses of soil
resources.

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APPSC | 2024

 Cochineal insects (Dactylopius spp.) cling to the outside of


the host plant and (similar to how mosquitos function on
people) take the plant's food and moisture out, killing it. This
method is used to control the spread of Opuntia plant.

8.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANTS AND MAN


Man is one of the major factors responsible for the spread, conservation,
and extinction of many useful plant species.

• Positive relationship : In-situ and ex-situ conservation and protection of plant & animal species. Regulate
its distribution through afforestation and introduction of exotics in new areas.
• Negative relationship : Shifting cultivation, accidental Forest fire, illicit felling and encroachment, grazing
and lopping, permanent Deforestation.

EXERCISE

1. Feeding on dead and decaying organisms is 4. Insectivorous plants are found [MPPSC Forest
known as [MPPSC Forest Service (Main) 2019 Re– Service (Main) Examination 2022]
Exam] (a) In carbon-deficient places
(a) Autotropic (b) In oxygen-deficient places
(b) Holozoic (c) In phosphorus-deficient places
(c) Saprophytic (d) In nitrogen-deficient places
(d) Parasitic 5. In South India which insect is used to control
2. In which of the eastern States the insectivorous Opuntia spp, a weed, in thorn forests? [APPPSC
plant “Pitcher” is found? [MPPSC Forest Service (FRO) 2022]
(Main) Examination 2020] (a) Orthezia insignis
(a) Nagaland (b) Cosmopterix pulchrimella
(b) Assam (c) Dactylopius coccus
(c) Mizoram (d) Estigmena chinensis
(d) Meghalaya 6. ______ is a total stem-parasite [APPPSC (ACF)
Hints : Nepenthes khasiana is the only type of pitcher 2022]

plant found in India. It is mostly found in (a) Viscum


Meghalaya. It is one of the endangered species of (b) Cuscuta
the country which is becoming extinct due to (c) Loranthus
mining and other human activities (d) Arceuthobium
7. Loranthus is a _____ which causes damage to
3. Insectivorous plants are adaptable to [MPPSC
forest trees [APPSC Forest Section Officer 2019]
Forest Service (Main) Examination 2021]
(a) Epiphyte
(a) Dry environment
(b) Weed
(b) Cold environment
(c) Parasite
(c) Environment with low nutrients
(d) Climber
(d) Environment with high nutrients

(1) C, (2) d, (3) c, (4) d, (5) c, (6) b, (7) c

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CHAPTER

16 CHOICE OF SPECIES

In artificial regeneration, one of the most critical decisions is the


Chapter Outline
selection of species. The choice of species deserves thoughtful
consideration as it controls the success of artificial regeneration.
16.2 Factors
A minor error in the selection of species may result in the
16.3 Hardwood v/s Softwood
plantation's failure, which will lead to a huge loss of money, time,
16.4 Indigenous v/s Exotic
and energy. Several factors need consideration in the selection of
16.5 Pure Crop v/s Mixed
species for artificial regeneration. Essential factors to be taken
Crop
under consideration in the choice of species are as follows -
16.6 Cover crop v/s Nurse
(A) Site factors = 4
Crop
(B) Purpose of plantation? = Commercial + Envi + Social?
16.7 Fast Growing v/s Slow
(C) Silvicultural characteristics of a species.
Growing Species
(D) Economic factors.

Extra Notes : Hardwood v/s Softwood; Indigenous v/s Exotics


species; Fast-growing v/s Slow-growing species; Pure crop v/s Mix
crop; Nurse crop & Cover crop. Controversies - Poplar,
Eucalyptus, and P. Cineraria, etc.

16.2 FACTORS

A. SITE FACTORS

 Climatic factors : Every species requires a specific


environment for its growth and development and we
have to choose accordingly. For sites located in hot, dry
conditions like the semi-arid region of Rajasthan, we
have to choose species like Acacia, Albizzia, Prosopis (in
short AAP, jhaduwale ☺ ). whereas, for cold deserts,
we have to choose species like Salix, Populus &
Juniperus spp. We can't interchange these species.
Species were suitable for wetland afforestation (Water
logging areas) : Eucalyptus, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia
nilotica, etc.
CHAPTER

24 MANGROVES

Mangroves form the coastal and estuarine wetland ecosystem in the tropical and subtropical regions of
the world. This unique intertidal ecosystem acts as a safeguard to the coastlines from the disastrous
effects of storm surges, erosion, and floods. Some mangroves occur along open coasts, subject to
moderate wave processes, while most of them grow in sheltered, muddy tracts that are either regularly or
occasionally immersed by tides

▪ DEFINITION : Mangroves are the diverse group of salt-tolerant plant communities found in the
tropical and subtropical coastal and intertidal zone of the world, occurring mainly between latitude
240 N and 380 S.

24.1 | HABITAT

• The intertidal zone of the coastal and estuarine mudflat.


• Diurnal tidal inundation of marine water = loose & highly
water-saturated soil with High salinity and Anaerobic soil
condition (Lack of O2).
• Un-availability of minerals = N P K, Fe, S, etc.
• Intense wind ← Cyclone + Tsunami.
• Average 25 - 35oC temperature range and 100 to 300 cm
rainfall.
• Rich biodiversity because of the edge effect. Figure 22.1 : Mangroves habitat

24.2 | DISTRIBUTION

► WORLD : The total Mangrove cover in the world is 15 million ha which is 1% of the Tropical Forests of
the World.
▪ Distribution : South East Asia (About 33% of the world's Mangrove Cover) > South America (15.6
%) > North and central America (14.7 %).

► INDIA : 4975 km2, which is 0.15% of the country's total geographical area.

▪ STATE/UTS-WISE : West Bengal = 2100 km2 (42.5 % of total mangroves in India) > Gujarat =
1175 km2 (23.66 %) > A & N = 600 km2 (12.5 %). Means, Sundarbans possess almost half of
the mangroves area of India.
CHAPTER
IMPORTANT TREE SPECIES
25 OF ANDHRA PRADESH

Unit-VI (C) : Silviculture of the following economically important species grown in Andhra Pradesh such as
– (1) Acacia nilotica (2) Azadirachta indica, (3) Dendrocalamus strictus, (4) Casuarina
equisetifolia, (5) Dalbergia sisoo, (6) Emblica officinalis, (7) Eucalyptus spp., (8) Gmelina
arborea, (9) Pterocarpus marsupium, (10) Pterocarpus santalinus (11) Santalum album (12)
Tectona grandis, (13) Melia dubia and (14) Leucaena leucocephala

25.1 ACACIA NILOTICA (BABOOL)

• Syn. Acacia arabica*** = Gum arabic*** Lomentum


• Family : Mimosaceae*** (Leguminosae).
• Distribution : A tree of Semi-arid region***. Hardy to handle damages
created by cracking in black cotton soil***, drought, and moderate frost, so,
widely distributed over the north Indian plains, Rajasthan, MP, MH, etc.
• Fruit : Lomentum*** type
• Phenology : medium-size deciduous tree with brood shape crown
o Leaf fall : April – May
o Leaf renewal : May - June
o Flowering : January to March
o Fruiting : ripen from April to June
o Thorny branches.
• SILVICULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
o Drought hardy.
o Frost resistant
o Light demanded Phenology*** is the seasonal changes in the plant
behaviors over a year; it is the study of when plants
o Good copper
start flowering, fruiting, leaves shedding, etc.
o Root suckers
• UTILIZATION : Gum*** (Ladoo making), leaves Fodder, Fuelwood***, and Timber for farm implements.
Tannins from Bark and Pods***.

25.2 AZADIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM)

• Family : Meliaceae*** [Non-Leguminous = Rhizobium × = Nitrogen Fixation ×]***


FORESTRY

• Distribution : Neem generally grows in tropical dry deciduous


and thorn forests in drier parts up to 1500 m.
• Phenology : Neem is a medium size (12 – 15 m) with a broad
rounded crown.

o It is an almost evergreen tree but becomes near leafless in


dry localities for a short period during February – march
[Deciduous Tree*** ]
o Flowing occurs from January to March. In south India, it is in
January and progressively delayed toward the north up to
the Himalayan subtract where it is in 1st week of May.
o Fruiting followed the flowering and generally ripened in
June to August.

• Silviculture characteristics : it is a light-demander species but


sensitive to frost and fire. However, it is drought-hardy, so it can
quickly grow in the semi-arid tract of Rajasthan.

o Coppicer well
Neem pesticides kill the insect through
o Produce root suckers [WII (M.Sc.) Entrance Examination (2003)
• Uses : Medicinal purpose (seed oil) - Nimbicide, Nimbin, Forestry]

Azadirectin, etc.; Neem coated urea ***, etc. (a) Blocking their metamorphosis
(b) Saponaceous action due to
• Azadirachtin*** disrupts the normal function of insects. It mimics
bitterness
the insect molting hormone, ecdysone, causing disruption of the
(c) It kills the insect eggs
molting process. Immature insects are unable to shed their (d) It checks the laying down of the
exoskeleton, preventing them from growing and eventually eggs by the insect
leading to death.

25.3 DENDROCALAMUS STRICTUS (MALE BAMBOO)

► Family : Gramineae*** ( Old name Poaceae***)


► Distribution : The most commonly distributed bamboo of the Indian peninsula is Dendrocalamus Strictus
or Male Bamboo*** which is easily growing in the tropical dry deciduous locality. The culms in this bamboo
are solid = having high commercial value. The other common bamboo of the Indian peninsula is B.
Arundinaria (B. bamboo) which is often grown in moist soil, along the river beds.

Some of the important bamboo with its growing region

SN Scientific name Common name Distribution

The low-level bamboo of the western Himalayas**, at


elevations between 1000-2200 m. It grows
1. Arundinaria falcata Ringal***
gregariously, forming an undergrowth in the forests
of deodar, oak, etc., usually in moist shady locations.

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Test Series Leader In Forest Services


Personalised Feed back and A leading institutes in forest services
Suggestions to each candidates covering IFoS, ACF, RFO, and
ICFRE/ASRB/ICAR Exams

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