8th Class computer notes By Hanzla Farooq Government boys high school Kajlani

Unit 1 – Introduction to Emerging Technologies

1. What is Emerging Technology?

Ans:New and smart technology that is growing fast, like AI and
robots.
2. Robotics

Ans:Robotics is the science of making and using robots to do tasks.

3. Virtual Reality (VR)

Ans:VR is a computer-made world that feels real when you wear

special goggles.

4. Computer-assisted translation (CAT)

Ans:CAT helps people translate languages using computer tools.

5. Modem

Ans:A modem is a device that connects your computer to the

internet.

1. Guided Media vs. Unguided Media

Ans:Guided uses cables (like fiber); unguided uses air (like Wi-Fi).

2. Robots vs. Robotics

Ans:Robots are machines; robotics is the study of making them.

3. MAN vs. LAN

Ans:MAN covers a city; LAN covers a building or room.

 4. Coaxial Cable vs. Fiber-Optic Cable

Ans:Coaxial uses copper wires; fiber-optic uses glass and is faster.

5. Cellular vs. Satellite Communications

Ans:Cellular uses towers on land; satellite uses signals from space.

6. PAN vs. WAN

Ans:PAN is small (like Bluetooth); WAN is large (like the

internet).

1. Why are emerging technologies important?

They make life easier and help us do things faster and smarter.

2. How is 5G different from 4G?

5G is faster, supports more devices, and has less delay.

6. Define Machine Learning

Ans:It helps computers learn from data and improve on their own.
7. Define Bluetooth
Ans:Bluetooth connects devices wirelessly over a short distance.
8. Why is a server important for distributed applications?
Ans:A server helps many users share data and work together.
9. Why is the internet a good example of a WAN?
Ans: it connects computers all over the world.
 10. List three companies offering cellular communication in
Pakistan.
Ans:Jazz, Telenor, Zong.
11. Do you think robots will replace humans in the
workplace? Why?
Ans:,: because robots can't think like humans.
12. Why do we use a VPN?
To keep our online data safe and private.
13. What is the role of a server in a network?
It gives data and help to other computers.
14. Write three benefits of artificial intelligence.
15. Saves time
16. Works fast
17. Reduces mistakes

Unit 2 – Spreadsheet Basics

1. What is a Spreadsheet?
A program to organize and calculate data.
2. What is Data Manipulation?
Changing data to make it more useful.
3. What is a Cell Address?
It shows the location of a cell like A1.
4. What is a Cell Range?
A group of selected cells, like A1 to A5.
5. What is the Formula Bar?
It shows the formula or data in a cell.
6. What is an Active Cell?
The cell that is currently selected.
7. Differentiate Rows and Columns
Rows go side to side, columns go up and down.
8. Differentiate Functions and Formulas
Functions are built-in like SUM, formulas are made by users.
 9. Differentiate Workbook and Worksheet
Workbook has many worksheets; worksheet is a single page.
10. Differentiate Cell and Active Cell
A cell is any box; an active cell is the selected one.
11. Differentiate Alignment and Borders
Alignment arranges text; borders draw lines around cells.
12. How is the SUM function used?
To add numbers in cells.
13. Why is the SQRT function used?
To find the square root of a number.
14. Why is the MAX function used?
To find the biggest number.
15. How is the PRODUCT function used?
To multiply numbers in cells.
16. What is an argument in a formula?
The values we give to a function.
17. When should a pie chart be used?
To show parts of a whole.
18. How can you enhance the outlook of a spreadsheet?
By using colors, borders, and charts.
19. How are sheet tabs useful in a spreadsheet?
They help move between different pages in a file.

Unit 3 – Computational Thinking

1. Differentiate Simple and Complex Problems

Simple problems are easy to solve; complex are harder.
2. Differentiate Computational and Design Thinking
Computational solves with logic; design thinking focuses on
people.
3. Differentiate Decomposition and Abstraction
Decomposition breaks down problems; abstraction removes extra
details.
 4. Differentiate Pattern Recognition and Algorithms
Pattern recognition finds repeated ideas; algorithms are steps to
solve.
5. Differentiate Constant and Variable
Constant doesn't change; variable can change.
6. Define Nested Loops
A loop inside another loop.
7. Define Iteration
Repeating a task again and again.
8. Define Pseudocode
Simple English used to plan programs.
9. How can computational thinking solve problems?
It helps break big problems into small steps.
10. Why are algorithms used in computational thinking?
To give clear steps to solve problems.
11. Why is decomposition important?
It makes hard problems easier to understand.
12. Describe nesting in algorithmic thinking.
Putting one loop or step inside another.
13. Why do we use loops in code?
To repeat tasks without writing again.
14. Why are nested loops used in algorithms?
To repeat tasks inside another loop.
15. Why is design thinking human-centered?
It focuses on people’s needs.
16. How is design thinking non-linear?
You can go back to improve at any step.
17. Why is testing stage common for looping?
Because we test and fix problems again and again.
18. How can feedback help in solutions?
Feedback helps improve the idea.

Unit 4 – Visual Programming

 1. Define Visual Programming
Making programs using blocks or pictures.
2. Define Scratch
A program where you learn coding using blocks.
3. Define Sprite
Characters or objects in Scratch.
4. Define Script
A set of blocks to do a task.
5. Define Functions
A group of steps given a name.
6. Why is Scratch used to teach programming?
Because it is fun and easy to use.
7. Write applications of C++
Games, apps, and software.
8. What is the advantage of cloning?
To copy a sprite to save time.
9. How are functions different from cloning?
Functions do tasks; cloning copies sprites.
10. Why are conditional movements used in Scratch?
To control actions with conditions.

Unit 5 – Cyber Safety

1. Differentiate Cyberstalking and Identity Theft

Cyberstalking is following online; identity theft is stealing personal
info.
2. Differentiate Copyrights and Plagiarism
Copyright is legal ownership; plagiarism is copying without
permission.
3. Differentiate Social Engineering and Phishing
Both trick people, but phishing uses fake emails or links.
4. Differentiate Illegal Content and PUPs
Illegal content is banned stuff; PUPs are unwanted programs.
5. Define Internet of Things (IoT)
Devices that connect to the internet.
6. Define Cybercrime
Crime done using computers.
7. Define Media Bias
When media supports one side more.
8. Define Online Scams
Tricks to steal money or info online.
9. Define Ethics
Knowing what is right or wrong.
10. Define Piracy
Using or sharing software without permission.
11. Why avoid illegal content?
It is unsafe and against the law.
12. How to identify an online scam?
Look for fake links and offers.
13. Why are PUPs dangerous?
They slow down and harm the computer.
14. Why avoid plagiarism?
Because it is stealing someone’s work.
15. Why is social engineering dangerous?
Because it tricks people into sharing secrets.
16. How to protect from identity theft?
Use strong passwords and don’t share personal info.
17. Why are IoT devices easy to hack?
They often have weak security.
18. What are copyrights?
Rights to protect original work.
19. What is two-factor authentication?
Two steps to log in for safety.
20. Why learn about media bias?
To know if the news is fair or not.
Unit 6 – Digital Marketing

1. Define Search Engine

A website to search for information, like Google.
2. Define Social Media Marketing
Using apps like Facebook to sell products.
3. Define Digital Marketing
Selling things using internet tools.
4. Define Digital Entrepreneurship
Running a business using online tools.
5. Define Payments and Transactions
Sending and receiving money online.
6. Differentiate Influencer and Affiliate Marketing
Influencers promote; affiliates earn by sharing links.
7. Differentiate Email Marketing and PPC
Emails send ads; PPC pays when ads are clicked.
8. Differentiate Marketing and Business Plan
Marketing plan is for ads; business plan is full plan of a company.
9. Differentiate Digital Channels and Brand Awareness
Channels are tools like social media; awareness means people
know your brand.
10. Differentiate Mobile Marketing and SEO
Mobile marketing uses phones; SEO helps show your website on
Google.
11. Why is digital marketing important?
It helps reach more people easily.
12. Describe three social media sites.
Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube.
13. Why is a business plan important?
It guides how to run the business.
14. Describe three digital marketing channels.
Email, social media, and websites.
15. How to spread brand awareness fast?
Use social media and influencers.
 16. Who are influencers?
People who affect others' choices online.
17. How to use influencer marketing?
Ask influencers to promote your product.
18. Why is SEO important?
It helps your website appear in search results.
19. What are some traditional marketing methods?
TV ads, newspapers, and flyers.
20. Describe three benefits of digital media.
Saves money, reaches many people, and is fast.

Important questions
(i) Enlist any four emerging technologies:
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
2. Robotics
3. Virtual Reality (VR)
4. Blockchain

(ii) Write down four benefits of 3D holographic imaging:

1. Makes learning more fun and real
2. Helps in medical operations
3. Used in product displays
4. Useful in training and education

(iii) Define computer network with example:

A computer network connects computers to share data.
Example: Internet or school computer lab.
 (iv) Write down four applications of GPS:
1. Finding locations
2. Car navigation
3. Tracking deliveries
4. Using maps on mobile phones

(v) Differentiate LAN and MAN:

LAN connects computers in one building.
MAN connects computers in a city.

(vi) Define active cell:

An active cell is the selected cell where data is entered.

(vii) Differentiate function and formula:

Function is built-in like SUM();
Formula is made by the user like =A1+B1.
 (viii) Define Nested loop:
A nested loop is a loop inside another loop.

(ix) What is computational thinking?

It is a way to solve problems using logic and steps.

(x) What is script?

A script is a group of coding blocks used to do a task.

(xi) Define IoTs (Internet of Things):

IoT means smart devices connected to the internet.

(xii) What is cybercrime?

Cybercrime is using computers to do illegal activities.
 (xiii) Define online scam:
An online scam is a trick to steal money or information through the
internet.

(xiv) Define digital marketing:

Digital marketing means selling products using the internet.

(xv) Differentiate marketing plan and business plan:

Marketing plan is about ads and sales.
Business plan is the full plan of how a business works.

(xvi) Why do we use Email?

To send and receive messages quickly through the internet.
3. Explain the components of computer networks:
A computer network has several parts that help computers connect
and share data:
Devices: Computers, printers, and servers that use the network.
Network Interface Card (NIC): A part inside each device that
connects it to the network.
Switches and Hubs: These connect many devices and let them talk
to each other.
Router: Sends data between different networks, like from your home
to the internet.
Cables or Wi-Fi: These carry the data from one device to another.

4. Why is SQRT function used?

The SQRT function is used in spreadsheets to find the square root of
a number.
Example:
If you use =SQRT(25), it gives the answer 5, because 5 x 5 = 25.
This function is helpful in math and science calculations.

5. What are the advantages of cloning?

Cloning is used in visual programming (like Scratch) to make a copy
of a sprite.
Advantages include:
Saves time: You don’t have to create the same sprite again.
Easy animations: You can make many moving objects using clones.
Efficient coding: Reduces repeating the same code.
Better control: You can give different tasks to each clone.

6. How should you avoid plagiarism?

Plagiarism means copying someone else’s work without giving
credit.
To avoid it:
Use your own words and ideas.
Give credit by writing the name of the original author or source.
Use quotation marks if you copy exact words.
Use plagiarism-check tools to be sure your work is original.

7. Describe 3 social media sites:

1. Facebook: A site to share posts, photos, and connect with
friends.
2. Instagram: Used for sharing pictures and short videos.
3. YouTube: A platform to watch and upload videos, and follow
creators.
Hanzla farooq ([email protected])