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A Python dictionary

A Python dictionary is a key-value data structure where keys must be unique and immutable, while values can be of any type. Dictionaries can be created using curly braces or the dict() constructor, and items can be added, updated, or removed using various methods. Iteration over dictionaries can be done through keys, values, or key-value pairs, and common problems related to dictionaries include checking key existence, removing keys, and counting element frequencies.

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2 views

A Python dictionary

A Python dictionary is a key-value data structure where keys must be unique and immutable, while values can be of any type. Dictionaries can be created using curly braces or the dict() constructor, and items can be added, updated, or removed using various methods. Iteration over dictionaries can be done through keys, values, or key-value pairs, and common problems related to dictionaries include checking key existence, removing keys, and counting element frequencies.

Uploaded by

amitagoel0408
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A Python dictionary is a data structure that stores the value in key: value pairs.

Values in a
dictionary can be of any data type and can be duplicated, whereas keys can’t be repeated and
must be immutable.
How to Create a Dictionary
In Python, a dictionary can be created by placing a sequence of elements within
curly {} braces, separated by a ‘comma’.
d1 = {1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}
print(d1)
//{1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}
# create dictionary using dict() constructor
d2 = dict(a = "Geeks", b = "for", c = "Geeks")
print(d2)
//{'a': 'Geeks', 'b': 'for', 'c': 'Geeks'}
 Dictionary keys are case sensitive: the same name but different cases of Key will be
treated distinctly.
 Keys must be immutable: This means keys can be strings, numbers, or tuples but not
lists.
 Keys must be unique: Duplicate keys are not allowed and any duplicate key will
overwrite the previous value.
 Dictionary internally uses Hashing. Hence, operations like search, insert, delete can
be performed in Constant Time.
d = { "name": "Alice", 1: "Python", (1, 2): [1,2,4] }
# Access using key
print(d["name"])
or
# Access using get()
print(d.get("name"))

Adding and Updating Dictionary Items


We can add new key-value pairs or update existing keys by using assignment.
d = {1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}
# Adding a new key-value pair
d["age"] = 22
# Updating an existing value
d[1] = "Python dict"
print(d)
//{1: 'Python dict', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks', 'age': 22}

Removing Dictionary Items


We can remove items from dictionary using the following methods:
 del: Removes an item by key.
 pop(): Removes an item by key and returns its value.
 clear(): Empties the dictionary.
 popitem(): Removes and returns the last key-value pair.

d = {1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks', 'age':22}


# Using del to remove an item
del d["age"]
print(d)
//{1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}

# Using pop() to remove an item and return the value


val = d.pop(1)
print(val)
//Geeks

# Using popitem to removes and returns


# the last key-value pair.
key, val = d.popitem()
print(f"Key: {key}, Value: {val}")
//Key: 3, Value: Geeks
# Clear all items from the dictionary
d.clear()
print(d)
//{}
Iterating Through a Dictionary
We can iterate over keys [using keys() method] , values [using values() method] or both
[using item() method] with a for loop.
d = {1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 'age':22}

# Iterate over keys


for key in d:
print(key)

# Iterate over values


for value in d.values():
print(value)

# Iterate over key-value pairs


for key, value in d.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")

Example of Nested Dictionary:


d = {1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For',
3: {'A': 'Welcome', 'B': 'To', 'C': 'Geeks'}}
print(d)

//{1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: {'A': 'Welcome', 'B': 'To', 'C': 'Geeks'}}

Problems of Dictionary
 Length of a Dictionary

 Check if a Key Exists

 Access a Value by Key

 Remove a Key from a Dictionary

 Remove keys with substring values

 Sum All Numeric Values in a Dictionary

 Find Keys with Maximum Value

 Remove Duplicates from a Dictionary

 Filter Dictionary by Key Prefix

 Count Frequency of Elements Using Dictionary

 Check if two arrays are equal or not

 Max distance between two occurrences in array

 2 Sum – Count Pairs with target sum

 3 Sum – Count all triplets with target sum

 Count all pairs with absolute difference equal to k

 Remove minimum elements such that no common elements exist in two arrays

 Check If Array Pair Sums Divisible by k

 Longest subarray with sum divisible by K

 Longest Subarray having Majority Elements Greater Than K

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