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CSharp_Advanced_Features_and_Exception_Handling

The document outlines advanced features of C# including LINQ, async/await, delegates, nullable types, generics, indexers, reflection, and the dynamic keyword, which enhance application development. It also discusses exception handling in C#, detailing the try-catch-finally syntax, types of exceptions, custom exception handling, best practices, and exception filters introduced in C# 6.0. These features collectively improve performance, maintainability, and robustness in C# applications.

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Sahil Khan
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7 views

CSharp_Advanced_Features_and_Exception_Handling

The document outlines advanced features of C# including LINQ, async/await, delegates, nullable types, generics, indexers, reflection, and the dynamic keyword, which enhance application development. It also discusses exception handling in C#, detailing the try-catch-finally syntax, types of exceptions, custom exception handling, best practices, and exception filters introduced in C# 6.0. These features collectively improve performance, maintainability, and robustness in C# applications.

Uploaded by

Sahil Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Features of C# and Exception Handling

(a) Advanced Features of C#

C# is a modern, object-oriented programming language with a rich set of advanced features that support

robust application development. These features enhance performance, maintainability, and developer

productivity.

1. LINQ (Language Integrated Query)

- Provides a consistent model for working with data across various sources (arrays, lists, databases, XML).

- Example:

int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

var evenNumbers = from n in numbers where n % 2 == 0 select n;

2. Async and Await

- Used for asynchronous programming to improve application responsiveness.

- Allows non-blocking calls to I/O operations (e.g., file system, web services).

- Example:

public async Task<string> GetDataAsync()

HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

return await client.GetStringAsync("https://example.com");

3. Delegates and Events

- Delegates are type-safe method pointers, and events are based on delegates.

- Useful in designing extensible and event-driven applications.

- Example:

public delegate void Notify();

public event Notify OnCompleted;

4. Nullable Types
Advanced Features of C# and Exception Handling

- Allow value types (like int, double) to represent null values.

- Syntax: int? age = null;

5. Generics

- Enable code reuse and type safety.

- Example: List<int> list = new List<int>();

6. Indexers

- Allow objects to be indexed like arrays.

- Example:

public string this[int index] => data[index];

7. Reflection

- Enables inspection of metadata and dynamic invocation of types/methods at runtime.

- Example:

Type type = typeof(MyClass);

8. Dynamic Keyword

- Used when type resolution is deferred to runtime.

- Example:

dynamic x = 10; x = "Now a string";

(b) Exception Handling & Error Handling in C#

C# provides structured exception handling to deal with runtime errors gracefully and robustly.

1. Basic Syntax of Try-Catch-Finally

try

int result = 10 / 0;
Advanced Features of C# and Exception Handling

catch (DivideByZeroException ex)

Console.WriteLine("Cannot divide by zero.");

finally

Console.WriteLine("This block always executes.");

2. Types of Exceptions

- NullReferenceException: Accessing members on a null object.

- DivideByZeroException: Division by zero.

- FileNotFoundException: File not found during file operations.

- IndexOutOfRangeException: Invalid array index.

3. Custom Exception Handling

- Developers can define custom exception types for application-specific errors.

- Example:

public class MyCustomException : Exception

public MyCustomException(string message) : base(message) {}

4. Error Handling Best Practices

- Catch specific exceptions first.

- Always log exceptions for debugging.

- Avoid empty catch blocks.

- Use 'finally' for cleanup operations (like closing files or database connections).

- Do not use exceptions for normal program flow.


Advanced Features of C# and Exception Handling

5. Exception Filters (C# 6.0+)

- Allows conditionally catching exceptions.

- Example:

catch (Exception ex) when (ex.Message.Contains("specific"))

// Handle specific message

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