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Lab Manual Cradley Vertical Boiler

The document provides an overview of steam boilers, specifically focusing on fire tube and water tube boilers, including their efficiencies and applications. It details the specifications and construction of the Cradley Vertical Boiler, a vertical fire tube boiler, highlighting its features, mountings, and accessories. Key specifications include a maximum continuous evaporation capacity of 304 kg/hr and a working pressure of 24 kgf/cm².

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59 views3 pages

Lab Manual Cradley Vertical Boiler

The document provides an overview of steam boilers, specifically focusing on fire tube and water tube boilers, including their efficiencies and applications. It details the specifications and construction of the Cradley Vertical Boiler, a vertical fire tube boiler, highlighting its features, mountings, and accessories. Key specifications include a maximum continuous evaporation capacity of 304 kg/hr and a working pressure of 24 kgf/cm².

Uploaded by

gautamvaishnav2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB Manual- Cradley Vertical Boiler

Steam Boilers
High-pressure steam is required to develop power in steam prime movers; it can be obtained
by evaporating water into steam in a boiler. A boiler is a closed vessel, with a capacity of 25
liters or more. Boilers may be classified according to the arrangement made for burning the
fuel relative to water and its construction. Broadly, they are grouped into two classes:
(i) Fire tube boilers, and (ii) Water tube boilers.

Fire tube boilers


The shell or drum contains one or more fire tubes surrounded by water. The tubes are inclined
to increase syphonic flow. Flue gases transfer their heat to the water and leave through the
chimney. An efficiency of about 80% can be achieved between the flue gases and the
evaporating water.

Water tube boilers


It has a nest of relatively small bore tubes through which water circulates. These tubes are
surrounded by flue gases that transfer their heat to the water. Such boilers are typically used
for large plants with high steam-raising capacity. Efficiency can be as high as 80%. Examples
of water tube boilers include the Babcock and Wilcox boiler and the Stirling boiler.

Boilers may also be grouped according to the method of circulation of gases and water, as well
as position of furnace or grate.

Cradley Vertical Boiler


A typical vertical fire tube boiler of Cradley make is described below and shown in Figure.

1
Figure: Cradley Vertical Cross tube boiler

Specifications

 8hp
 Base to top of crown: 2.6 meters
 Diameter: 1.07 meters
 Water capacity up to working level: 700 liters
 Total water capacity from top to bottom: 1180 liters
 Grate area: 0.65 m²
 Total heating surface: 5.6 m²
 Maximum continuous evaporation capacity: 304 kg/hr (from and at 100°C when
burning coal with a calorific value of 7230 kcal/kg)
 Working pressure: 24 kgf/cm²
 Safety valve opens at: 7.15 kgf/cm²
 Hydraulic test pressure: 1.4 kgf/cm²

Description

2
Cradley boiler is a vertical cross-tube boiler made of mild steel. It has a cylindrical shell (1),
surrounding a cylindrical firebox (2) with a grate (3) at the bottom. A central pipe, called the
uptake (4), passes from the crown (5) of the firebox to the crown of the shell, over which the
chimney (6) is placed.

The firebox is fitted with three cross-tubes to increase the heating surface and improve water
circulation. The cross-tubes are slightly inclined for better water circulation and are flanged
and riveted to the firebox. Handholes are provided in the shell opposite the ends of each cross-
tube to give access for cleaning. At the bottom of the water space surrounding the firebox,
additional handholes are provided for cleaning purposes.

Boiler Mountings and Accessories


Various boiler mountings are provided:

1. Stop Valve (7): Mounted on the top of the boiler, it serves as the steam outlet.
2. Safety Valve (8): A spring-loaded type, it opens when the boiler pressure exceeds the
working pressure.
3. Pressure Gauge (9): Generally constructed to indicate up to double the maximum
working pressure. A siphon connects the pressure gauge to the boiler, preventing steam
from entering the gauge and keeping it comparatively cool.
4. Water Level Indicator (10): Shows the exact level of water in the boiler. Generally,
two glass tube gauges are fitted. If a glass tube breaks, the steam and water supply to
the glass tube is automatically shut off.
5. Blow-off Cock (11): Fitted to the lowest part of the boiler. Periodically, a portion of
the water from the bottom of the boiler is discharged to remove any sediment.
6. Fusible Plug (12): Fitted in the crown of the furnace, it is held in position by fusible
metal or alloy. Its purpose is to extinguish the fire when the furnace is overheated,
which occurs when the water level falls below the low-water level. Normally, the plug
is surrounded by water, keeping the temperature of the fusible metal below its melting
point.

The only accessory provided is the Feed Pump or Injector, which supplies water to the boiler
from the main supply. The feed pump or injector takes steam from the same boiler for its
operation and is mounted on the side of the boiler.

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