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notes of triangle

A triangle is a polygon with three sides, angles, and vertices, classified by sides (equilateral, isosceles, scalene) and angles (acute, right, obtuse). Key properties include the angle sum property, exterior angle theorem, and triangle inequality theorem. Important formulas for area and special triangles are also provided.

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11 views

notes of triangle

A triangle is a polygon with three sides, angles, and vertices, classified by sides (equilateral, isosceles, scalene) and angles (acute, right, obtuse). Key properties include the angle sum property, exterior angle theorem, and triangle inequality theorem. Important formulas for area and special triangles are also provided.

Uploaded by

Kalyani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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🔺 Triangle: Basic Definition

A triangle is a polygon with three sides, three angles, and three vertices. It is the simplest
form of a polygon.

🔢 Types of Triangles by Sides:

1. Equilateral Triangle
o All sides are equal
o All angles are 60°
2. Isosceles Triangle
o Two sides are equal
o Two equal angles
3. Scalene Triangle
o All sides are different
o All angles are different

🔭 Types of Triangles by Angles:

1. Acute Triangle
o All angles are less than 90°
2. Right Triangle
o One angle is exactly 90°
o The side opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse
3. Obtuse Triangle
o One angle is more than 90°

📐 Properties of Triangles:

 Angle Sum Property: The sum of all interior angles is 180°.


 Exterior Angle Theorem: An exterior angle is equal to the sum of the two opposite
interior angles.
 Triangle Inequality Theorem: The sum of the lengths of any two sides must be greater
than the third side.

📏 Important Triangle Formulas:


1. Area (using base and height)

Area=12×base×height\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \


text{height}Area=21×base×height

2. Area (using Heron’s formula)


For sides a,b,ca, b, ca,b,c:

s=a+b+c2Area=s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)s = \frac{a + b + c}{2} \quad \text{Area} = \sqrt{s(s - a)


(s - b)(s - c)}s=2a+b+cArea=s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)

3. Pythagorean Theorem (Right Triangle):

a2+b2=c2a^2 + b^2 = c^2a2+b2=c2

(where ccc is the hypotenuse)

📊 Special Triangles in Geometry:

 30°-60°-90° Triangle: Side ratios = 1 : √3 : 2


 45°-45°-90° Triangle: Side ratios = 1 : 1 : √2

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