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Java_8_Interview_Problems

Java 8 introduces lambda expressions, which enhance code readability and flexibility by providing a concise syntax for functional interfaces and reducing boilerplate code. The Stream API allows for high-level processing of sequences with operations like filter and map, promoting functional programming and lazy evaluation. Additionally, Java 8 supports default and static methods in interfaces, enabling evolution without breaking existing implementations, though they should be used judiciously to maintain design clarity.

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3 views

Java_8_Interview_Problems

Java 8 introduces lambda expressions, which enhance code readability and flexibility by providing a concise syntax for functional interfaces and reducing boilerplate code. The Stream API allows for high-level processing of sequences with operations like filter and map, promoting functional programming and lazy evaluation. Additionally, Java 8 supports default and static methods in interfaces, enabling evolution without breaking existing implementations, though they should be used judiciously to maintain design clarity.

Uploaded by

pbecic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java 8 for Strong Senior Developers

How do lambda expressions improve code readability and flexibility in Java 8?


 Lambdas provide a concise syntax for implementing functional interfaces.
 They reduce boilerplate code associated with anonymous inner classes.
 Example:
 Before: new Runnable() { public void run() { System.out.println("Run"); } }
 After: () -> System.out.println("Run")
 Benefits:
 Improved readability and maintainability.
 Encourages functional programming paradigms.
 Common use cases:
 Collections, Streams, event handlers, and concurrency utilities.

What are functional interfaces and how are they used in Java 8?
 Functional interfaces have a single abstract method and can be implemented using
lambdas.
 Examples:
 Runnable, Callable, Comparator, Function, Consumer, Supplier, Predicate.
 You can annotate them with @FunctionalInterface (optional but recommended).
 Custom example:
 interface Converter<F, T> { T convert(F from); }
 Used heavily in stream operations, callbacks, and APIs like CompletableFuture.

How does the Stream API work and what are the benefits of using it?
 Streams provide a high-level abstraction for processing sequences of elements in a
declarative style.
 Key operations:
 Intermediate: filter, map, sorted, distinct.
 Terminal: collect, forEach, reduce, count, anyMatch.
 Streams can be sequential or parallel.
 Advantages:
 Encourages functional composition.
 Reduces boilerplate loops.
 Enables lazy evaluation and potential parallelism.

What are the differences between map() and flatMap() in streams?


 map():
 Transforms each element using a function.
 Output is a stream of the same size with transformed elements.
 flatMap():
 Flattens nested structures by mapping each element to a stream and flattening the
result.
 Useful for processing collections of collections.
 Example:
 List<List<String>> → flatMap(List::stream) → Stream<String>

What are default and static methods in interfaces and how do they impact
design?
 Java 8 allows interfaces to have default and static methods.
 default:
 Provides a method implementation within the interface.
 Used to evolve interfaces without breaking existing implementations.
 static:
 Utility methods that belong to the interface itself, not instances.
 Design impact:
 Breaks strict separation of interface and implementation.
 Should be used carefully to avoid bloating interfaces.

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