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 INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL
TO ACCOMPANY

David M. Kroenke | David J. Auer | Scott L. Vandenberg | Robert C. Yoder

40th Anniversary Edition

DATABASE PROCESSING
Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation
15th Edition

Chapter 7
SQL for Database Construction and Application Processing

Prepared By
David J. Auer
Western Washington University
Instructor's Manual to accompany:

Database Processing: Fundamental, Design, and Implementation (15th Edition)

David M. Kroenke | David J. Auer | Scott L. Vandenberg | Robert C. Yoder

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
 Chapter Seven – SQL For Database Construction and Application Processing

❖ CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
• To be able to create and manage table structures using SQL statements
• To understand how referential integrity actions are implemented in SQL statements
• To be able to create and execute SQL constraints
• To understand several uses for SQL views
• To be able to use SQL statements to create, use, and manage views
• To gain an understanding of how SQL is used in an application program
• To understand how to create and use functions
• To understand how to create and use triggers
• To understand how to create and use stored procedures

❖ IMPORTANT TEACHING NOTE – READ THIS FIRST!

Chapter 7 is intended to be taught in conjunction with one of these downloadable online
chapters depending on which DBMS product you are using:
• For Microsoft SQL Server 2017, use online Chapter 10A.
• For Oracle Database 12c Release 2 or Oracle Database XE, use online Chapter
10B.
• For MySQL 5.7, use online Chapter 10C.
For each topic discussed in Chapter 7, there is a more detailed and DBMS specific
treatment of the same topic in online Chapters 10A, 10B, and 10C.
When you teach a topic in Chapter 7, extend the coverage with the associated material
in online Chapters 10A, 10B, and 10C.
Assignments from the end of chapter Review Question, Project Questions, Cases and
Projects also can and should be coordinated between Chapter 7 and the online DBMS
specific chapters.
The online Chapters are available for downloading at
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/kroenke/.

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Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc.
 Chapter Seven – SQL For Database Construction and Application Processing

❖ ERRATA
[05-MAY-2018 – David Auer] Page 412. The Queen Ann Curiosity Shop Project
Question M has a misspelled word. The corrected question text is:
Write an SQL statement to create a view called EmployeeSupervisorView that shows who, if anyone,
supervises each employee at The Queen Anne Curiosity Shop, and which contains E1.LastName as
EmployeeLastName, E1.FirstName as EmployeeFirstName, E1.Position, E2.Lastname as
SupervisorLastName, and E2.FirstName as SupervisorFirstName. E1 and E2 are two aliases for the
EMPLOYEE table, and are required to run a query on a recursive relationship. Include employees
who do not have a supervisor. Run the statement to create the view, and then test the view with an
appropriate SQL SELECT statement.

[05-MAY-2018 – Scott Vandenberg] Page 416. There is an error in the list of values for
the STORE.Country column. Based on Figure 7-61, possible values should include the
People’s Republic of China, but not Hong Kong because Hong Kong is now part of the
People’s Republic of China. The corrected question text is:
Values of the Country column in the STORE table are restricted to: India, Japan, People’s Republic of
China, Peru, Philippines, Singapore, and United States.

[05-MAY-2018 – David Auer] Page 412. The Queen Ann Curiosity Shop Project
Question M has a misspelled word. The corrected question text is:
Write an SQL statement to create a view called EmployeeSupervisorView that shows who, if anyone,
supervises each employee at The Queen Anne Curiosity Shop, and which contains E1.LastName as
EmployeeLastName, E1.FirstName as EmployeeFirstName, E1.Position, E2.Lastname as
SupervisorLastName, and E2.FirstName as SupervisorFirstName. E1 and E2 are two aliases for the
EMPLOYEE table, and are required to run a query on a recursive relationship. Include employees
who do not have a supervisor. Run the statement to create the view, and then test the view with an
appropriate SQL SELECT statement.

[06-MAY-2018 – Bob Yoder] Page 412. The Queen Ann Curiosity Shop Project
Question Q has an incorrect SQL view name. The corrected question text is:
Write an SQL statement to create a view called CustomerFirstNameFirstSaleSummaryView that
contains SALE.SaleID, SALE.SaleDate, CUSTOMER.CustomerID, the concatenated customer name
using the FirstNameFirst function, SALE_ITEM .SaleItemID, SALE_ITEM.ItemID,
ITEM.ItemDescription, and ITEM.ItemPrice. Run the statement to create the view, and then test the
view with an appropriate SQL SELECT statement.

Page 7-4
Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc.
 Chapter Seven – SQL For Database Construction and Application Processing

❖ TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
• If your students have been using Access, now is really the time to switch to Microsoft
SQL Server 2017, Oracle Database, or MySQL 5.7. Refer your students to the
beginning of Online Chapter 10A for Microsoft SQL Server 2017, Online Chapter 10B
for Oracle Database (Oracle Database Express Edition 11g Release 2, aka Oracle
Database XE is heavily recommended), and Online Chapter 10C for MySQL 5.7
setup instructions.
• The SQL examples shown in Chapter 7 and the questions in the end of chapter
material work the best with the Transact-SQL (T-SQL) used in Microsoft SQL Server
2017. If your students are using Microsoft SQL Server 2017, they should be able to
create the tables, populate the tables and run the other SQL commands with little
trouble. The SQL used in Microsoft Access 2016, Oracle Database (PL/SQL), and
MySQL 5.7 varies in their ability to support all the SQL commands used here.
Oracle Database and MySQL do a better job of supporting standard SQL, while
Microsoft Access has significant variations from the standard. In the answers to the
end of chapter questions I have often shown the solution using two or more of the
three DBMSs. Otherwise, I primarily use Microsoft SQL Server 2017. If your
students are using Microsoft Access 2016, Oracle Database, or MySQL 5.7 check
the solutions to the questions before you assign them so that you can tell your
students what to watch out for!
• As discussed in the IM Chapter 2 suggestions, there is a useful teaching technique
that will allow you to demonstrate the SQL queries in the text using MS SQL Server if
you have it available.
• Create a new SQL Server database named Cape-Codd.
• Use the SQL statements in the *.sql text file DBP-e15-MSSQL-Cape-Codd-
Create-Tables.sql to create the Cape Codd database tables (the additional
tables used in the Chapter 2 Review Questions, are also created).
• Use the SQL statements in the *.sql text file DBP-e15-MSSQL-Cape-Codd-
Insert-Data.sql to populate the Cape Codd tables (the additional tables used
in the Chapter 2 Review Questions, are also populated).
• Open the Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio and select the Cape-
Codd database.
• In the Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio, open the *.sql text file DBP-
e15-MSSQL-Cape-Codd-Query-Set-CH02.sql. This file contains all the
queries shown in the Chapter 2 text.
• Highlight the query you want to run, and then click the Execute Query button
to display the results of the query. An example of this is shown in the
following screenshot.
• All of the *.sql text files needed to do this are available in the Instructor’s
Resource Center on the text’s Web site
(www.pearsonhighered.com/kroenke).

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Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc.
 Chapter Seven – SQL For Database Construction and Application Processing

• The trick shown for SQL Server 2017 also works for Oracle Database using the
Oracle SQL Developer and for MySQL 5.7 using the MySQL workbench.
• Remind your students that Microsoft Access does not support all SQL constructs.
• Because of the complexity of the SQL statements to construct the View Ridge
Gallery VRG database, the necessary SQL scripts are included in the set of student
data files available at the text’s Web site (www.pearsonhighered.com/kroenke).
• Review Questions 7.04-7.40 are specifically designed to reinforce the most important
basic ideas of creating and populating tables, with a bit on SQL views also included.
These exercises are based on our recent classroom teaching experience, which
taught us the need for some very basic exercises in creating and populating tables
before going on to more complex assignments. This set of exercises is very heavily
recommended!
• Tell your students that a check constraint that provides an enumerated list is often
implemented with a table and a relationship. For example, the constraint CHECK
(Rank IN (‘FR’, ‘SO’, ‘JR’, ‘SR’)) could be implemented by creating a Rank table and
placing the list in that table. Now the Rank attribute becomes a foreign key and
referential integrity enforces the constraint. Changing the list means adding and
deleting from the RANK table.
• The relationship of database applications and the DBMS is sometimes confusing.
For a simple application using a personal DBMS such as Microsoft Access, the
application and the DBMS are nearly indistinguishable. If an application has only a
few forms and reports, and all of these are created using DBMS facilities, then the
application and the DBMS are the same. On the other hand, for an organizational
database processed by say, Oracle Database, any application elements discussed in
this chapter would be provided by application program code completely separate

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Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc.
 Chapter Seven – SQL For Database Construction and Application Processing

from the DBMS. It’s easier to understand all of this by focusing on application
functions that must be provided — in some cases by facilities in the DBMS and in
other cases by separate application programs.
• It is important to distinguish between an SQL view (the logical structure of data
elements) and a materialization of the view (a form or report). One SQL view can
have many materializations. While this distinction has always been important, it has
become even more so in light of three-tier architecture.
• Remind students that views can be used to implement certain types of security. Most
commonly, they are used to restrict access to attributes and to restrict actions on
tables. This is discussed in detail in Chapter 9.
• You might also remind students that sometimes SQL views are necessary to
complete certain queries.
• Too often students understand how SQL can be used for interactive query, but do
not really understand its role in application processing. In fact, SQL is far more
frequently used for SQL view processing as described here than it is as an
interactive query tool.
• SQL/Persistent Stored Modules (SQL/PSM), stored procedures and triggers
complete a student’s understanding of how database systems work. Often, we talk
about designing database systems to enforce business rules but find many rules that
we cannot enforce through design alone. Triggers will help enforce most rules that
design cannot enforce.
• SQL *sql files containing the solutions to the questions and projects at the end of the
chapter are available on the text’s Web site (www.pearsonhighered.com/kroenke).

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Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc.
 Chapter Seven – SQL For Database Construction and Application Processing

❖ ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS

7.1 What does DDL stand for? List the SQL DDL statements.

DDL stands for Data Definition Language. DDL statements include:

• CREATE TABLE

• ALTER TABLE

• DROP TABLE

• TRUNCATE TABLE

7.2 What does DML stand for? List the SQL DML statements.

DML stands for Data Manipulation Language. DML statements include:

• INSERT

• UPDATE

• DELETE

• MERGE

7.3 Explain the meaning of the following expression: IDENTITY (4000, 5).

The IDENTITY keyword is used to modify a column name, and is used to specify surrogate keys.
The first number parameter after IDENTITY specifies the starting value for the surrogate key,
and the second number specifies the increment value for each additional record. Thus a column
named RelationID and modified by IDENTITY (4000, 5) will be a surrogate key named
RelationID with an initial value of 4000 (for the first record in the relation), and with following
values incremented by 5: 4000, 4005, 4010, etc.

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 Chapter Seven – SQL For Database Construction and Application Processing

For this set of Review Questions, we will create and use a database with a set of tables that will
allow us to compare variations in SQL CREATE TABLE and SQL INSERT statements. The
purpose of these questions is to illustrate different situations that call for specific uses of various
SQL CREATE TABLE and SQL INSERT options.

The database will be named CH07_RQ_TABLES and will contain the following six tables:

CUSTOMER_01 (EmailAddress, LastName, FirstName)

CUSTOMER_02 (CustomerID, EmailAddress, LastName, FirstName)

CUSTOMER_03 (CustomerID, EmailAddress, LastName, FirstName)

CUSTOMER_04 (CustomerID, EmailAddress, LastName, FirstName)

SALE_01 (SaleID, DateOfSale, EmailAddress, SaleAmount)

SALE_02 (SaleID, DateOfSale, CustomerID, SaleAmount)

EmailAddress is a text column containing an email address, and is therefore not a surrogate
key. CustomerID is a surrogate key that starts at 1 and increments by 1. SaleID is a surrogate
key that starts at 20150001 and increases by 1.

The CH07_RQ_TABLES database has the following referential integrity constraints:

EmailAddress in SALE_01 must exist in EmailAddress in CUSTOMER_01

CustomerID in SALE_02 must exist in CustomerID in CUSTOMER_04

The relationship from SALE_01 to CUSTOMER_01 is N:1, O-M.

The relationship from SALE_02 to CUSTOMER_04 is N:1, O-M.

The column characteristics for these tables are shown in Figures 7-35 (CUSTOMER_01), 7-36
(CUSTOMER_02, CUSTOMER_03, and CUSTOMER_04), 7-37 (SALE_01), and 7-38
(SALE_02). The data for these tables are shown in Figures 7-39 (CUSTOMER_01), 7-40
(CUSTOMER_02), 7-41 (CUSTOMER_04), 7-42 (SALE_01), and 7-43 (SALE_02).

7.4 If you are using Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database, or MySQL, create a folder in
your Documents folder to save and store the *.sql scripts containing the SQL statements
that you are asked to create in the following Review Questions about the
CH07_RQ_TABLES database.

• For SQL Server Management Studio, create a folder named CH07-RQ-TABLES-

Database in the Projects folder in your SQL Server Management Studio folder.

• For Oracle SQL Developer, create a folder named CH07-RQ-TABLES-Database

in your SQL Developer folder.

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 Chapter Seven – SQL For Database Construction and Application Processing

• For SQL Workbench, create a folder named CH07-RQ-TABLES-Database in the

Schemas folder in your MySQL Workbench folder.

• If you are using Microsoft Access 2016, create a folder named CH07-Databases
in your DBPe15-Access-2016-Databases folder.

This is self-explanatory. The student will create the appropriate folder to hold the *.sql scripts
created in these Review Questions

7.5 Create a database named CH07_RQ_TABLES.

This is self-explanatory. The student will create the appropriate database base upon which DBMS
product they are using. For further guidance on creating a new database:

• For Microsoft SQL Server 2017, see online Chapter 10A.

• For Oracle Database, see online Chapter 10B.

• For MySQL 5.7, see online Chapter 10C.

7.6 If you are using Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database, or MySQL, create and save an
SQL script named CH07-RQ-TABLES-Tables-Data-and-Views.sql to hold the answers to
Review Questions 7.7–7.40. Use SQL script commenting (/* and */ symbols) to write
your answers to Review Questions that require written answers as comments.

If you are running Microsoft Access 2016, create and save a Microsoft Notepad text file
named CH07-RQ-TABLES-Tables-Data-and-Views.txt to hold the answers to Review
Questions 7.7–7.40. After you run each SQL statement in Microsoft Access 2016, copy
your SQL statement to this file.

This is self-explanatory. The student will create an *.sql script named CH07-RQ-TABLES-
Tables-Data-and-Views.sql, unless the student is using Microsoft Access 2016 (which they really
shouldn’t be at this point!), in which case they will create a text file named CH07-RQ-TABLES-
Tables-Data-and-Views.txt to hold certain answers.

7.7 Write and run an SQL CREATE TABLE statement to create the CUSTOMER_01 table.

For Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database, and MySQL 5.7:

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER_01(
EmailAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
LastName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
FirstName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_01_PK PRIMARY KEY(EmailAddress)
);

Page 7-10
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 Chapter Seven – SQL For Database Construction and Application Processing

7.8 Write and run an SQL CREATE TABLE statement to create the CUSTOMER_02 table.

For Microsoft SQL Server:

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER_02(
CustomerID INT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1, 1),
EmailAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
LastName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
FirstName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_02_PK PRIMARY KEY(CustomerID)
);

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 Chapter Seven – SQL For Database Construction and Application Processing

For Oracle Database:

Oracle creates primary key surrogate values by using sequences.

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER_02(

CustomerID INT NOT NULL ,
EmailAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
LastName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
FirstName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_02_PK PRIMARY KEY(CustomerID)
);

CREATE SEQUENCE seqC02 INCREMENT BY 1 START WITH 1;

For MySQL 5.7:

MySQL creates primary key surrogate values by AUTO_INCREMENT, which always
increments by 1. The starting value may be set using an SQL ALTER TABLE statement.

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER_02(

CustomerID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
EmailAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
LastName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
FirstName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_02_PK PRIMARY KEY(CustomerID)
);

7.9 Are there any significant differences between the CUSTOMER_01 and CUSTOMER_02
tables? If so, what are they?

CUSTOMER_02 uses a surrogate primary key, while CUSTOMER_01 uses a non-surrogate

primary key.

7.10 Write and run an SQL CREATE TABLE statement to create the CUSTOMER_03 table.

For Microsoft SQL Server:

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER_03(
CustomerID INT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1, 1),
EmailAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
LastName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
FirstName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_03_PK PRIMARY KEY(CustomerID)
);

Page 7-12
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 Chapter Seven – SQL For Database Construction and Application Processing

For Oracle Database XE:

Oracle creates primary key surrogate values by using sequences.

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER_03(

CustomerID INT NOT NULL ,
EmailAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
LastName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
FirstName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_03_PK PRIMARY KEY(CustomerID)
);

CREATE SEQUENCE seqC03 INCREMENT BY 1 START WITH 1;

For MySQL 5.7:

MySQL creates primary key surrogate values by AUTO_INCREMENT, which always
increments by 1. The starting value may be set using an SQL ALTER TABLE statement.

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER_03(

CustomerID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
EmailAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
LastName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
FirstName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_03_PK PRIMARY KEY(CustomerID)
);

7.11 Are there any significant differences between the CUSTOMER_02 and CUSTOMER_03
tables? If so, what are they?

The table structure is the same, so there are no significant differences between the
CUSTOMER_02 and CUSTOMER_03 tables.

7.12 Write and run an SQL CREATE TABLE statement to create the CUSTOMER_04 table.

For Microsoft SQL Server:

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER_04(
CustomerID INT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1, 1),
EmailAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
LastName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
FirstName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_04_PK PRIMARY KEY(CustomerID)
);

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Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc.
 Chapter Seven – SQL For Database Construction and Application Processing

For Oracle Database XE:

Oracle creates primary key surrogate values by using sequences.

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER_04(

CustomerID INT NOT NULL ,
EmailAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
LastName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
FirstName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_03_PK PRIMARY KEY(CustomerID)
);

CREATE SEQUENCE seqC04 INCREMENT BY 1 START WITH 1;

For MySQL 5.7:

MySQL creates primary key surrogate values by AUTO_INCREMENT, which always
increments by 1. The starting value may be set using an SQL ALTER TABLE statement.

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER_04(

CustomerID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
EmailAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
LastName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
FirstName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_04_PK PRIMARY KEY(CustomerID)
);

7.13 Are there any significant differences between the CUSTOMER_03 and CUSTOMER_04
tables? If so, what are they?

The table structure is the same, so there are no significant differences between the
CUSTOMER_03 and CUSTOMER_04 tables.

7.14 Write and run an SQL CREATE TABLE statement to create the SALE_01 table. Note
that the foreign key is EmailAddress, which references CUSTOMER_01. EmailAddress.
In this database, CUSTOMER_01 and SALE_01 records are never deleted, so that there
will be no ON DELETE referential integrity action. However, you will need to decide how
to implement the ON UPDATE referential integrity action.

For Microsoft SQL Server:

CREATE TABLE SALE_01(
SaleID INT NOT NULL IDENTITY(20150001, 1),
DateOfSale DATE NOT NULL,
EmailAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
SaleAmount NUMERIC(7,2) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT SALE_PK_01 PRIMARY KEY(SaleID),
CONSTRAINT S_01_C_01_FK FOREIGN KEY(EmailAddress)
REFERENCES CUSTOMER_01(EmailAddress)
ON UPDATE CASCADE
);

Page 7-14
Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc.
 Chapter Seven – SQL For Database Construction and Application Processing

For Oracle Database:

Oracle creates primary key surrogate values by using sequences.

CREATE TABLE SALE_01(

SaleID INT NOT NULL,
DateOfSale DATE NOT NULL,
EmailAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
SaleAmount NUMERIC(7,2) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT SALE_PK_01 PRIMARY KEY(SaleID),
CONSTRAINT S_01_C_01_FK FOREIGN KEY(EmailAddress)
REFERENCES CUSTOMER_01(EmailAddress) );

CREATE SEQUENCE seqS01 INCREMENT BY 1 START WITH 20150001;

For MySQL 5.7:

MySQL creates primary key surrogate values by AUTO_INCREMENT, which always
increments by 1. The starting value may be set using an SQL ALTER TABLE statement.

);
CREATE TABLE SALE_01(
SaleID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
DateOfSale DATE NOT NULL,
EmailAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
SaleAmount NUMERIC(7,2) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT SALE_PK_01 PRIMARY KEY(SaleID),
CONSTRAINT S_01_C_01_FK FOREIGN KEY(EmailAddress)
REFERENCES CUSTOMER_01(EmailAddress)
ON UPDATE CASCADE
);

ALTER TABLE SALE_01 AUTO_INCREMENT =20150001;

7.15 In Review Question 7.14, how did you implement the ON UPDATE referential integrity
action? Why?

The ON UPDATE referential integrity action is implemented as CASADE. This is because the
primary key of CUSTOMER_01 (EmailAddress) is not a surrogate key, and may therefore be
changed. Any changes to EmailAdress in CUSTOMER_01 must also be made to corresponding
values in SALE_01.

For Oracle Database:

In Oracle, the ON UPDATE option is not available, so a trigger would need to be created to
enforce this:

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER CustSalesUpdateCascade01

AFTER UPDATE OF EmailAddress ON Customer_01
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
UPDATE SALE_01 SET EmailAddress = :new.EmailAddress
WHERE EmailAddress = :old.EmailAddress;
END;
/

Page 7-15
Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc.
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Jack, William Brydone, M.A., D.C.L. The deceased Dr.

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prizes in these departments of study. Shortly after graduating with
the degree of M.A. in 1840, he was offered the professorship of
physics in the Manchester New College, in succession to the
celebrated Dr. Dalton, and about the same time the position of
professorship of mathematics, natural philosophy and astronomy in
King’s College, Fredericton (now the University of New Brunswick),
was tendered to his acceptance. Sir David Brewster, who was then
principal of the college at St. Andrews, and with whom Dr. Jack had
been a favourite pupil, thought that the duties and responsibilities of
the situation at Manchester would, at the first outset in life, be
rather hazardous and trying for one so young and inexperienced.
Accordingly, in deference to Sir David’s advice and that of other
friends, Dr. Jack accepted the professorship in New Brunswick, and
assumed its duties in September, 1840. As King’s College was at first
under the management of the Church of England, it failed to
command the confidence and sympathy of the general public, and
consequently it was never so prosperous as it should have been.
Many and violent attacks were therefore made upon it both in and
out of the legislature, till after much worry and struggle it was, in
1860, re-modelled and named the University of New Brunswick, over
which all denominations were admitted to an equal control. In 1861
Dr. Jack was appointed president of the university, and for many
years he laboured and laboured successfully in bringing the college
into repute, and securing the general acceptance and confidence of
the public. He spent his vacations largely in travelling about the
province, and by public addresses making the college known and the
benefits of the higher education appreciated. On the inauguration of
the Free School system he was made, ex-officio, a member of the
Board of Education. In 1885, after a service of forty-five years as
professor and president, failing health induced him to resign his
appointments, and seek the ease and quiet of private life. In 1886
the government was pleased to appoint him a member of the Senate
of the University, in whose progress and prosperity he continued to
take the warmest interest. Dr. Jack was always a devoted student of
astronomy, and after the establishment of lines of telegraph
communication, he was among the first to make use of them,
determining distances of longitude. By connection with Harvard
Observatory, Mass., the true longitude of Fredericton was
ascertained. Taking Fredericton as the starting point, he obtained, at
the instance and expense of the local government, the longitude of
St. John, and afterwards of some places on the boundary survey of
the province. The determinations were of service to Sir William
Logan in the construction of his geological map of Canada. Dr. Jack
died at Fredericton, New Brunswick, on the 23rd day of November,
1886, on his sixty-sixth birthday.

Cowperthwaite, Rev. Humphrey Pickard, A.M.,

Pastor of the Queen Square Methodist Church, St. John, New
Brunswick, was born in Sheffield, New Brunswick, on the 30th of
November, 1838. His father was Hugh Cowperthwaite, and his
mother, Elizabeth Ann Hunter; she was of Scotch descent. His
grandfather, on his father’s side, was a United Empire loyalist, and
came from New Jersey in 1783. His great-grandfather was an officer
in the British army, during the American revolutionary war of
independence. Humphrey received his education in the parish
school, and afterwards at Sackville College, where he graduated in
arts in 1867. He adopted the clerical profession, and is now an active
minister of the Methodist church, in connection with the New
Brunswick and Prince Edward Island conference. For several years
he was chairman of the Prince Edward Island district, and secretary
of the conference for two terms. On two occasions he visited the
province of Ontario, on matters connected with his church, and
attended as a delegate the conferences which met at Hamilton and
Belleville a few years ago. On the 19th of July, 1867, he was married
to Annie S. Buchanan, of Glasgow, Scotland, youngest daughter of
W. M. Buchanan, editor of the “Practical Mechanics’ and Engineers’
Magazine,” and for some time lecturer on geology in the Glasgow
University.

Lachapelle, Emmanuel Persillier, M.D., Montreal,

was born on the 21st December, 1845, at Sault-au-Récollet, province
of Quebec. His parents were Pierre Persillier-Lachapelle, and Marie
Zoé Toupin. Dr. Lachapelle received a classical education at the
Montreal College, and took a course in medicine and surgery at the
Montreal Medical and Surgical School, and after passing very
brilliantly his examination, was admitted to the practice of medicine
in 1869. In 1872 he was appointed surgeon to the 65th battalion,
and held that position until 1886. In 1876 he was elected, and is
still, a governor and treasurer of the College of Physicians and
Surgeons of the province of Quebec; and in 1885, during the small-
pox epidemic, he took a leading part in the working of the Central
Board of Health, and was appointed president of the first Provincial
Board of Health recently organised. Dr. Lachapelle was the promoter
and one of the founders of Notre Dame Hospital, one of the most
useful charitable institutions of Montreal to-day. In 1884, wishing to
free the hospital from debt, he, together with friends and the board
of management, organized a grand kermesse which netted about
$15,000 in one week. When the establishment of the branch of Laval
University in Montreal was decided upon, he became one of its most
ardent supporters and contributed in a great measure to its
formation. He was elected general president of the Saint Jean
Baptiste Society in 1876. As a journalist, Dr. Lachapelle is favourably
known, having been the proprietor and editor of L’Union Médicale
from 1876 to 1882. He is doctor in medicine of Laval and Victoria
Universities, secretary of the Medical Faculty of Laval University,
professor of general Pathology and Medical Jurisprudence, and an
associate member of the “Société Française d’Hygiène,” Paris. He
commenced practising in Montreal in 1869, and took a foremost rank
in the galaxy of young men who about that time were entering on
their professional life, and have since risen to high positions in
Canadian society. Dr. Lachapelle enjoys the confidence of the general
public, and through his genial disposition, has made a host of
friends. He has been closely identified with all the scientific, national
and political movements of the day, and his influence and advice
have great weight and are highly appreciated.

Allen, Hon. John C., Fredericton, Chief Justice of New

Brunswick, was born in the parish of Kingsclear, county of York, N.B.,
on the first of October, 1817. His grandfather, Isaac Allen, was a
United Empire loyalist, and resided in Trenton, New Jersey, where he
practised law. During the revolutionary war, which broke out in 1776,
he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the second battalion of New
Jersey Volunteers, one of the provincial regiments raised during the
war. At the peace in 1783, he settled in Nova Scotia, and when the
province of New Brunswick was established, he was appointed one
of the judges of the Supreme Court, a position he held until his
death, in October, 1806. His wife was Sarah Campbell, of
Philadelphia. His son, the father of the present chief justice, was
John Allen, formerly a captain in the New Brunswick Fencibles, a
corps raised in New Brunswick during the war of 1812, and
commanded by General John Coffin. This regiment was disbanded in
1817, and Captain Allen was subsequently appointed lieutenant-
colonel and inspecting field officer of the militia of New Brunswick,
and when that office was abolished, was appointed quarter-master-
general of the militia. He represented the county of York in the
House of Assembly from 1809 to 1847. He died in April, 1875, aged
ninety-one years, and his wife died in 1822. Chief Justice Allen was
educated at the Fredericton Grammar School; studied law with the
Hon. John Simcoe Saunders, son of the then chief justice in
Fredericton; was admitted as an attorney in October, 1838; and to
the bar in Michaelmas term, 1840. In 1845 he was appointed one of
the commissioners for settling the claims to lands, under the fourth
article of the treaty of Washington, 1842. While the boundary
between the province of New Brunswick and the United States was
in dispute, the portion of the country known as “the disputed
territory,” extending from near the Grand Falls of the river St. John to
the head of the river, and including the whole Madawaska settlement
on both sides of the river, was being occupied by settlers, principally
Acadian French, who held by possession only, the government
refusing to make any grants of the land. By the treaty, the channel
of the river, from a point about three miles above the Grand Falls to
the mouth of the river St. Francis, a tributary of the St. John, about
seventy miles above the falls, was fixed as the boundary between
the two countries, and the fourth article of the treaty provided that
all equitable possessory claims, arising from a possession and
improvement of any land for more than six years before the date of
the treaty, should be deemed valid, and be confirmed to the persons
so in possession. The commission was appointed to investigate and
settle the claims of the persons in possession of that portion of the
lands in dispute, which fell within the dominion of Great Britain.
During the years 1845 and 1847, they heard and determined the
claims of all the settlers between the Grand Falls and the St. Francis,
and grants of the lands were afterwards issued by the government
to the respective parties, in accordance with the report of the
commissioners. The other commissioner was the late James A.
Maclauchlan, who was formerly an officer in the 104th regiment, and
served in Canada between 1813-15, and who had for many years
acted as warden of the disputed territory, by appointment of the
British government, for the purpose of preventing the cutting of
timber upon it. The most valuable part of the “disputed territory,” the
fertile valley of the Aroostook, was awarded to the United States by
the treaty. Hon. Mr. Allen was appointed clerk of the Executive
Council of New Brunswick in November, 1851, and held that office till
January, 1856, when he resigned it, and in February following was
elected a member of the House of Assembly for York county. In May
following, was appointed solicitor-general, which position he held
until May, 1857, when the government resigned, having been
defeated at the general election of that year. In 1852 was elected
mayor of Fredericton and continued to hold the office till 1855, when
he resigned. In 1860 he was offered the position of Queen’s counsel,
but declined. He was speaker of the New Brunswick Assembly from
1862 until that house was dissolved, in 1865, for the purpose of
ascertaining the opinion of the people upon the question of
confederation, as agreed upon by the delegates assembled at
Quebec, in September previous. Having been again elected as a
representative opposed to confederation, in April, 1865, he was
appointed attorney-general, which office he held until the 21st
September following. In June of that year he was sent by the
Provincial government, with the Hon. Albert J. Smith (afterwards Sir
Albert), as a delegate to the British government, for the purpose of
urging the objections of New Brunswick to the confederation of the
provinces. Soon after his return from England, on the 21st of
September, 1865, he was appointed a puisné judge of the Supreme
Court of New Brunswick, a vacancy having been caused by the
resignation of Sir James Carter, and on the 8th of October, 1875, he
was made chief justice of New Brunswick, as successor to the Hon.
William Johnston Ritchie, who at that time was appointed a puisné
judge of the Supreme Court of Canada. On the 8th of October, 1866,
he was appointed vice-president of the Court of Governor and
Council, for determining suits relating to marriage and divorce. By an
act of the Legislative Assembly, passed in 1791, a court was
constituted, consisting of the lieutenant-governor of the province
and his Majesty’s council, for the determination of suits and
questions concerning marriage and divorce and alimony, the
governor to be president of the court. The governor was also
authorized to appoint the chief justice, or one of the judges of the
Supreme Court, or the Master of the Rolls, to be vice-president of
the court, and to act in his place. In 1860, a new court for the trial
of matrimonial causes was created by the Act 23 Vic., c. 37, and all
suits pending in the court before the Governor and Council, except
those in which evidence had been examined, which were to be
proceeded with as before, were transferred to the new court. Justice
Neville Parker was appointed the judge under this act, and we
therefore presume Mr. Allen’s appointment as vice-president of the
Court of Governor and Council was for the purpose of hearing some
case commenced under the old law, in which evidence had been
examined; but, so far as we can learn, he has never acted under his
commission. In June, 1878, he was appointed, in the place of the
late Governor Wilmot, one of the arbitrators for settling the North-
West boundary of the province of Ontario. The other arbitrators
were Sir Edward Thornton, the British Minister at Washington, and
Chief Justice Harrison, of Ontario. The time appointed for the
meeting of the arbitrators having been fixed for the early part of
July, and difficulties existing in the way of a postponement, Chief
Justice Allen was obliged to resign the appointment, as his judicial
duties prevented him from attending to it, the trial of the Osborne
family for the alleged murder of Timothy McCarthy, coming on at the
Circuit Court then about to open, at which he was to preside. Among
the most notable criminal cases which Chief Justice Allen has tried
may be mentioned that of John A. Munroe, in 1869, for the murder
of Sarah Margaret Vail and her child, at St. John; and in 1875, of a
number of persons at Bathurst, in the county of Gloucester, who
participated in the Carraquet riots, which originated in resisting the
enforcement of the Common Schools Act; also that of Chasson and
ten others, for the murder of one Gifford, who had aided the sheriff’s
officers in arresting the Carraquet rioters mentioned above. He also
tried the Osborne family twice for the alleged murder of Timothy
McCarthy, at Shediac, in the county of Westmoreland. The first trial,
in July and August, 1878, occupied six weeks. The jury having
disagreed, the prisoners were again tried in November and
December of the same year, the trial occupying nearly six weeks,
and, as before, the jury failed to agree. In 1847 Hon. Mr. Allen
published a book of the Rules of the Supreme Court of New
Brunswick, and the Acts of Assembly relating to the practice of the
courts. He has also rendered much valuable service to the legal
profession, in the compilation and publication of six volumes of law
reports, embodying the decisions of the court extending over a
number of years. In his younger days the Chief Justice took an
active interest in the militia of the province. About the year 1835 he
joined a volunteer company of artillery, in Fredericton. In 1838 the
several companies of artillery in the province, viz., at Fredericton, St.
John, St. Andrews, and St. Stephens, were formed into a regiment
called “The New Brunswick Regiment of Artillery,” under the
command of Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Hayne, formerly of the
Royal artillery, and in 1838 Mr. Allen was appointed second
lieutenant in the regiment; afterwards first lieutenant and adjutant,
and captain, in July, 1841. The militia law having been materially
altered in 1865, he has not since that had any active connection with
the force. In 1844 he was appointed Provincial aide-de-camp to Sir
William Colbrooke, the lieutenant-governor of the province, and
continued so till he resigned the government, in 1848. In 1882 the
honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on Chief Justice Allen by the
University of New Brunswick. Chief Justice Allen is a member of the
Church of England, and for nearly forty years has been a member of
the church corporation in Fredericton. He has also held the position
of churchwarden in the parish church for over twenty-five years, and
on several occasions has been elected delegate to the provincial
synod at Montreal. In 1845 he married Margaret A. Drury, daughter
of the late Captain Charles Drury, 29th Regiment of foot, who died at
St. John in 1835. He has five children living—William, Thomas
Carleton (the prothonotary of the Supreme Court), Edmund H.,
George W., and Henry.

Chapman, Robert Andrew, Dorchester, New

Brunswick, was born in Dorchester, county of Westmoreland, New
Brunswick, on the 2nd of February, 1835, where he has resided ever
since. His father was Robert B. Chapman, and his mother, Margaret
Weldon. Both Mr. Chapman’s great-grandfather and grandfather
emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1775, and both represented
the county of Westmoreland in the New Brunswick legislature. The
wife of the latter was Sarah Black, sister to William Black, commonly
known as “Bishop Black,” the father of Methodism in the Maritime
provinces. Margaret Weldon’s grandfather on the paternal side, came
to America from North Allerton, Yorkshire, in 1770, and her
ancestors on the maternal side—the Killams—were United Empire
loyalists. Robert A. Chapman received his primary education in the
public schools, and afterwards studied under an Irish teacher, who
was noted as a mathematician. When he grew up to manhood, he
adopted mechanical pursuits, went largely into ship building, and
from 1860 to 1878 built upwards of thirty vessels, principally
barques and ships, varying from 600 to 1,500 tons burthen. Mr.
Chapman holds a captain’s commission in the reserve militia. He has
been a justice of the peace for a long time; and was high sheriff of
the county of Westmoreland from 1879 to 1886. On the organization
of the municipal council for Westmoreland county, he was, along
with Hon. P. A. Landry, elected a member by acclamation for
Dorchester parish, and continued to sit in this body until he was
made high sheriff; and again, in 1886, he was elected to this council.
He was an unsuccessful candidate in his county for a seat in the
New Brunswick legislature in 1872; and again in 1878, against Sir A.
J. Smith, for a seat in the House of Commons, at Ottawa. On both
occasions, however, he polled a large vote. In politics, Mr. Chapman
is a Conservative; and in religion, is an adherent of the Methodist
church. He was married on the 18th of October, 1859, to Mary E.
Frost, daughter of Stephen Frost, late of Chatham, New Brunswick.

Steele, Rev. D. A., A.M., Baptist Minister, Amherst, Nova

Scotia, was born in the village of Barewood, Herefordshire, England,
on the 17th September, 1838, and came to America in 1845. His
ancestry on the paternal side came from Annandale, Scotland. He
was educated at Acadia College, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, from which
institution he graduated with the degree of A.M. He was ordained to
the ministry there, on the 20th June, 1865. He took charge of the
Baptist Church in Canso for two years; and then, in 1867, removed
to Amherst and took the pastorate of the church which had for many
years been presided over by the late Rev. Charles Tupper, D.D.,
father of Sir Charles Tupper, finance minister of Canada. The Rev. Mr.
Steele was one of the promoters of the independent foreign missions
of the Baptist church in the Maritime provinces, and is a member of
the Foreign Mission Board. He is a member of the Senate of Acadia
College, and also chairman of the Board of School Commissioners for
Cumberland county. Rev. Mr. Steele has been an active worker ever
since he assumed the pastoral office, and has left his mark for good
on his adopted county. In 1865 he was married to Sarah Hart, the
only surviving daughter of Spinney Whitman, whose ancestors came
from New England to Annapolis on the expulsion of the Acadians.

Flint, Thomas Barnard, M.A., LL.B., Yarmouth, Barrister,

and Assistant Clerk to the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, was
born on the 28th April, 1847, at Yarmouth, N.S. His parents were
John Flint and Ann S. Barnard, who were married in 1834, and were
respectively descended from Thomas Flint, of Marblehead,
Massachusetts, and of Benjamin Barnard, of Salem, in the same
state. Thomas Flint, the ancestor of all the family of that name in the
western portion of Nova Scotia, came to Yarmouth, in 1771, and his
descendants are very numerous in that part of the country. Benjamin
Barnard, of Salem, came to the same part of Nova Scotia, in 1770,
and although his descendants in Yarmouth are numerous, yet the
family name has completely died out. It is however perpetuated in
the names of Barnard street and Barnard lane in the town of
Yarmouth. Both these families were, of course, thoroughly identified
with the history of Yarmouth town and county, which were mainly
settled from New England, and which still retain many of the New
England characteristics. Thomas B. Flint, the subject of our sketch,
received his early education at Yarmouth, and subsequently went to
Wesley College, Sackville, New Brunswick, where he took the degree
of B.A. in 1867; and of M.A. in 1875; and in the same year he
carried off the “Moore” prize for the best essay on “John Milton.” He
also took a course at the Harvard Law School, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, in 1872, and received the degree of LL.B. from that
university. He adopted law as a profession, and studied in the office
of Senator (now ex-judge) Ritchie, and on being admitted to the bar
he began the practice of his profession in 1872. For years Mr. Flint
has taken an active interest in educational matters, and in the
temperance reform movement. For a long period he held office as a
school trustee, and was secretary of the High School committee
several years. He is a member and secretary of the Board of
Governors of the Yarmouth Seminary. He was appointed high sheriff
of the county of Yarmouth in the autumn of 1883, but resigned the
same at the end of the year 1886. At the opening of the session of
1887 he was elected assistant clerk of the House of Assembly of
Nova Scotia, in the place of the late assistant clerk, who was
promoted to the chief clerkship. Mr. Flint, a Liberal and anti-
Confederate in politics, was defeated as a candidate for the local
legislature in 1873, when he contested the county against a former
representative, who was declared returned by a majority of two
votes. Although the return was contested by Mr. Flint, his opponent
was confirmed in his seat. He was also a candidate for the House of
Commons in 1878, in opposition to Frank Killam. Mr. Killam was
elected by a substantial majority. As both gentlemen were
supporters of the Liberal party, merely personal and local issues
were involved in the contest. He was again a candidate for the local
legislature in 1882 on the Liberal ticket, but was unsuccessful,
having been defeated by a small majority. Mr. Flint was for many
years engaged in shipbuilding; the management of shipping and
various public enterprises; a stockholder in the Western Counties
Railway Company, and other corporations. He is prominent in the
Masonic fraternity, and is a past master of Scotia lodge, No. 31,
R.N.S.; past district deputy grand master of District No. 3, and
secretary of Scotia lodge. Since 1872 he has taken an active part, in
the Liberal interest, in political discussions through the press and on
the platform, particularly on occasions of general elections, and
assisted in obtaining the Liberal repeal victory in Yarmouth county in
February, 1887, when, however, the province generally returned a
majority of representatives in opposition to the further continuance
of the repeal agitation. He married, on October 14th, 1874, Mary
Ella, daughter of Thomas B. Dane, of Yarmouth, who was also a
descendant of a New England family that settled in Yarmouth county
in 1789.

Wickwire, William Nathan, M.D., Halifax, Nova

Scotia, was born at Cornwallis, Kings county, N.S., on the 18th
November, 1839. His parents were Peter and Eliza Wickwire. Dr.
Wickwire received his education, chiefly at Horton Academy and
Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., and graduated at the latter in 1860,
taking the degree of B.A. In 1863 Acadia College also conferred
upon him the degree of M.A. He studied medicine at the University
of Edinburgh, Scotland, from 1860 to 1864, and there received the
degree of M.D. In the autumn of 1864 he formed a medical co-
partnership with Dr. Tupper (now Sir Charles), at Halifax, which
partnership existed till Dr. Tupper took up his residence at Ottawa, in
1870. For several years he was surgeon to a volunteer company;
from 1867 to 1872 he held the office of assistant inspecting
physician for the port of Halifax, and since that date to the present
time has held the position of inspecting physician for the same port.
For several years the doctor has been vice-consul for the
Netherlands at Halifax. He enjoys a good practice. In politics Dr.
Wickwire is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion an adherent of the
Episcopal church. He was married in 1870 to Margaret Louisa,
daughter of the late Hon. Alexander Keith, of Halifax.

Mathieu, Hon. Michel, Judge of the Superior Court,

Montreal, was born at Sorel, Richelieu county, on the 20th
December, 1838, from the union of Joseph Mathieu, farmer, and
justice of the peace, residing at Sorel, and Edwidge Vandal. Mr.
Mathieu the elder was a farmer of little means, but had his son
educated under the care of the Rev. Messire Augustin Lemay,
formerly curé of the parish of Ste. Victoire (which was founded by
the dismemberment of the old parish of St. Pierre de Sorel), where
Mr. Mathieu had resided. His ancestors were of an ancient French
family. The subject of our sketch completed his course of classical
studies at the college of St. Hyacinthe. Leaving that institution in
1860, he matriculated, and was admitted to the study of the
profession of a notary in the office of Jean George Crébassa, notary
public, of the town of Sorel, and was admitted to practice on the
20th of January, 1864. In 1861 he had been also admitted to the
study of law. He practised as a notary for a year, when he was
admitted to the bar of the province of Quebec, and abandoned his
former profession to engage exclusively in law practice. On the 11th
of June, 1866, he was appointed sheriff of the district of Richelieu, in
the place of Pierre Rémi Chevalier, who had resigned in his favour,
and held that position until the 14th of August, 1872. The entrance
of Mr. Mathieu into political life dates from that period, when he
entered the lists and was elected to the House of Commons over his
opponent, George Isidore Barthe, who, in turn, defeated him in
1874. In the following year he was elected by acclamation member
of the Legislative Assembly of the province of Quebec for Richelieu
county; and again, on the 1st of May, 1878, by a majority of 186
over Pierre Bergeron, a physician of St. Aimé. Mr. Mathieu always
wielded a powerful influence in his county, and was mainly
instrumental in securing the election of L. H. Massue to the House of
Commons at Ottawa in the election of the 1st of September, 1878.
In politics he is a Conservative, and has always been a faithful
adherent and a strong supporter of the late Sir George Etienne
Cartier and Sir John A. Macdonald. On the 11th of October, 1880, he
was made a Queen’s counsel, and on 3rd October, 1881, he
accepted the position of justice of the Superior Court of the province
of Quebec, and removed to Montreal, where he resides at the
present time. Until his elevation to the judicial bench, he was one of
the directors of the Montreal, Portland and Boston and of the South-
Eastern Railway Companies. He also published La Revue Légale for
many years. Of undaunted energy, and possessed of sterling
capacities, Hon. Mr. Mathieu always took a deep interest in the
advancement of his native town, and occupied its civic chair during
seven years, from 1875 to 1881. He was also one of the founders of
the College of Sorel. As a private citizen he is esteemed for his
affability and kindness of manners to all who require his advice, or
have business to transact with him, and his courteousness has made
him hosts of friends everywhere. Justice Mathieu was twice married
—the first time, on the 22nd of June, 1863, to Marie Rose Délima
Thirza, a daughter of the late Captain St. Louis, of Sorel; she died on
the 23rd of March, 1870. By his first marriage he has three children,
one son and two daughters, living. On the 30th October, 1881, he
married Marie Amélie Antoinette, a daughter of the Hon. David
Armstrong, member of the Legislative Council of the province of
Quebec, and of Léocadie de Ligny. The fruit of his second union was
one son, living. Madame Mathieu’s name is always to be found
among the charity workers of the city of Montreal, and she is blessed
by the poor.
 Johnston, Hon. James William, Judge in Equity,
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. The late Judge Johnston was by descent a
Scotchman, and by birth a West Indian. His grandfather, Dr. Lewis
Johnston, was born in Scotland, and claimed to be entitled to the
now long dormant title of Marquis of Annandale, but never pressed
his claim in the courts. He married Laleah Peyton, a lady of
Huguenot descent, and settled in Savannah, Georgia, then a British
colony, where he owned an estate called Annandale. Previous to the
rebellion, Dr. Johnston filled the office of president of the council and
treasurer of the colony of Georgia. On the breaking out of the
revolutionary war his sons all entered the British army and fought on
the side of the king. His eldest son, William Martin Johnston, the
father of Judge Johnston, held the rank of captain of the New York
volunteers in the year 1775. He was engaged in the defence of
Savannah, was at the capture of Fort Montgomery on the Hudson,
and took part in various other engagements during the war. At its
close Dr. Johnston returned to Scotland, and Captain Johnston, who
had lost all his property in consequence of espousing the cause of
Britain, studied medicine, and graduated in the University of
Edinburgh. He married Elizabeth Lichtenstein, the only daughter of
Captain John Lichtenstein, of the noble and ancient Austrian family
of that name. Captain Johnston subsequently removed to Kingston
in the island of Jamaica, where his son James was born on the 29th
of August, 1792. He was early sent to Scotland for his education,
and was placed under the care of the late Rev. Dr. Duncan, of
Ruthwell. The family afterwards settled permanently in Nova Scotia.
James William Johnston studied law in Annapolis in the office of
Thomas Ritchie, afterwards one of the judges of the Common Pleas,
and was admitted to the bar in 1815. He commenced the practice of
his profession in Kentville, the shire town of Kings county, but shortly
after removed to Halifax and entered into partnership with Simon
Bradstreet Robie, at that time the leading practitioner in the
province. Mr. Johnston rose rapidly in his profession, and soon
attained the highest rank, which he continued to hold unchallenged
until his elevation to the bench of the Supreme Court. In cross-
examination he displayed peculiar tact and skill, extracting from the
most reluctant and perverse witness the minutest facts within his
knowledge. Among the intellectual features that marked his
professional career may be noted a strong and comprehensive
grasp, a memory that seemed ever obedient to his will, together
with a rapidity of perception, that gave wonderful readiness at
repartee, seizing like lightning on the mistakes or unwise or weak
arguments of an opponent, and turning them to the disadvantage of
the opposite side, and to the manifest advantage of his own. This
mental superiority, aided as it was by untiring perseverance and
industry, was alone sufficient to win the highest honours of the bar.
Few, if any, of Mr. Johnston’s forensic efforts have been preserved;
but in cases where the battle was to be fought against wrong and
oppression, he was especially powerful; rising to the occasion his
bursts of impassioned eloquence swept with the force of a tornado
carrying all before it. In the year 1835 Mr. Johnston was appointed
solicitor-general of the province, which office was then non-political;
but in the year 1838, at the earnest solicitation of Sir Colin Campbell,
then lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, he entered the Legislative
Council and commenced his political life, and at once became the
acknowledged leader of the Conservative party. On the elevation of
the Hon. S. G. W. Archibald to the Court of Chancery as master of
the rolls in 1843, Mr. Johnston was appointed attorney-general, and
at the general election held in that year, resigned his seat in the
Legislative Council, and stood for the important county of Annapolis,
for which he was returned by a large majority, and which
constituency he continued uninterruptedly to represent in the House
of Assembly until 1863, when he took his seat on the bench. One of
the first acts he placed on the statute book was the Simultaneous
Polling Act, which provided for the holding of elections throughout
the province on one and the same day, instead of being as
theretofore held at different times, and the polls moved round in
different places in each constituency, entailing large additional
expense and much loss of time. He also successfully advocated the
introduction of denominational colleges, and their partial endowment
by the state. Hon. Mr. Johnston was one of the delegates selected to
meet Lord Durham, the high commissioner for settling the difficulties
in Canada, and to confer with him on the contemplated changes in
colonial government. Hon. Mr. Johnston might justly have claimed
the honour of being the first statesman who in the halls of
legislature advocated the union or confederation of the North
American colonies. In the year 1854, on the floor of the Nova Scotia
House of Assembly, in a speech which for breadth of conception,
deep research, fervent patriotism, and glowing eloquence, has rarely
been equalled, and which by many has been considered his greatest
effort, Hon. Mr. Johnston moved: —

That the union of the British North American provinces on just principles,
while calculated to perpetuate their connection with the parent state, would
promote their advancement and prosperity, increase their strength and
influence, and elevate their position.

And though before the union was consummated he had retired from
public life, and was therefore in no way responsible for the details of
the scheme, yet his advocacy of the measure on its broad basis
tended in no slight degree to create and educate public opinion, and
smoothed the way for those who eventually succeeded in effecting
the important change in the constitution he was the first to
advocate. In the year 1857 Hon. Mr. Johnston, then attorney-general
and leader of the government, pursuant to a resolution passed in the
House of Assembly, proceeded to England to adjust the differences
that for years existed between the province and the General Mining
Association, who, as assignees of the Duke of York, to whom they
had been granted, claimed the exclusive right to the mines and
minerals of Nova Scotia, and who, by virtue thereof, possessed a
practical monopoly of the coal trade. After a protracted negotiation,
a compromise was effected and an agreement entered into by which
the General Mining Association ceded to the government all their
right and title to, and over, all the unworked mines and minerals.
Thus was a grievance of long standing amicably settled, and their
right to the great wealth hidden in the bowels of the earth secured
to the people of Nova Scotia. In the year 1863, after a labourious
and active professional life, and a somewhat turbulent political
career, Hon. Mr. Johnston accepted a seat on the bench as judge in
Equity and judge of the Supreme Court. The duties of his office were
discharged with assiduity and the strictest integrity, and his decisions
were received by the bar as clear, logical, and exhaustive expositions
of the law. In the summer of 1872, Hon. Mr. Johnston obtained leave
of absence, and proceeded to the south of France in the hopes that
a milder and more genial climate might remove a bronchial affection
from which he was suffering, but the beneficial results anticipated
did not follow. He was offered in the following year the lieutenant-
governorship of his adopted country, vacant by the demise of the
late Hon. Joseph Howe, but this position the state of his health
compelled him to decline. Early in life Mr. Johnston connected
himself with the Baptist Church, and to the end continued a member
of that communion. For years he devoted his time, energies and
talents to the advancement of that body, socially, politically and
educationally. The Baptist Academy at Wolfville, as well as Acadia
College, owe their existence in a large measure to his personal
labours, influence, and untiring exertions both in parliament and out.
Of the latter institution he was one of the first governors, and
continued to hold the office uninterruptedly, by repeated re-
elections, to the time of his death. He was several times elected
president of the Baptist Convention of the Maritime provinces, who,
on his leaving the country, marked their great appreciation of his
character and their sense of their lasting obligations to him by the
unanimous adoption of the following resolution: —

This convention, having learnt that the health of our esteemed brother,
Hon. Judge Johnston, a member of the Board of Governors of Acadia
College, has induced him to seek a residence in Europe, Therefore resolve
that we take this opportunity to tender to him the tribute which his high
character, and long continued and important services in the cause of
education seem to demand, by thus recording the sense we entertain of the
value of those services, his devoted and consecrated talents, and of his great
worth as a man, as a Christian gentleman, and especially as a Christian
legislator and judge, the influence and grateful memory of which we trust
will not be effaced; and although at his advanced age it may almost seem to
be hoping against hope, yet this convention would still trust that a perfect
restoration to health and strength may yet, in the good providence of God,
return our valued brother, as well as his excellent lady, to their former
position and relations in this country.

Hon. Mr. Johnston was twice married. His first wife was Amelia
Elizabeth, daughter of the late William James Almon, surgeon, who
was assistant surgeon to the Royal Artillery in New York, in June,
1776, and Rebecca Byles, granddaughter of the Rev. Dr. Byles, of
Boston, Massachusetts. By her he had three sons, the eldest of
whom is now the judge of the County Court for the metropolitan city
and county of Halifax, and three daughters. Of these, two sons and
one daughter are alive. His second wife was Louise, widow of the
late Captain Wentworth, of the Royal Artillery, by whom he had one
daughter and three sons; the daughter and two sons are living. Mr.
Johnston’s physicians advised that his state of health would not
permit of his return to Nova Scotia, and he determined to pass the
winter of 1873 at Cheltenham, England, where, on the 21st day of
November, in that year, at the ripe age of eighty-one years, and in
the full possession of his mental faculties, he died, full of honours,
leaving behind him a name untarnished, a character above reproach,
and a reputation as a statesman, jurist and judge worthy of
emulation by those who shall hereafter fill the places vacated by
him.

Macdonald, Charles John, Post Office Inspector for

the Province of Nova Scotia, Halifax. Lieut.-Colonel Macdonald, the
subject of this sketch, is of Scotch descent, his father, the late
Robert Macdonald, having been a native of Dornoch,
Sutherlandshire, Scotland, and for many years a resident of Halifax.
Charles was born at Halifax, Nova Scotia, on the 4th April, 1841, and
received his education at Dalhousie College. He studied law in the
office of the Hon. J. S. D. Thompson (now minister of justice at
Ottawa), and was called to the bar in 1872. In 1878 he presented
himself for parliamentary honours, and was returned a member of
the Nova Scotia legislature as representative of the city and county
of Halifax, and occupied the position of member of the Executive
Council in 1878 and 1879 without portfolio. Lieut.-Colonel
Macdonald, commander of the 66th battalion Princess Louise
Fusiliers, served as major in the Halifax Provincial battalion during
the North-West rebellion, having had under his command a
detachment of one hundred and eighty men from the 63rd Rifles and
Halifax Garrison Artillery. He occupied the position of paymaster for
the volunteers from 1872 to 1878; and has been an alderman of the
city of Halifax; president of the North British Society; deputy
grandmaster of the Grand Lodge of Freemasons; grand high priest of
the Grand Chapter, and representative of the Grand Lodge of Ohio.
In 1879 he was appointed to the office of inspector of post offices
for the province of Nova Scotia, and this position he still occupies. In
politics he leans towards Liberal-Conservatism, and in religion he is a
Presbyterian. The colonel has been twice married—first to Mary
Tamson, daughter of William Evans, and second to Annie, daughter
of James McLearn.

Berryman, Daniel Edgar, M.D. C.M., and A.R.S. (Edin.),

is a native of New Brunswick, having been born in the city of St.
John, on the 16th of August, 1848. His father, John Berryman, sen.,
was born in 1798, in the parish of Castle Dowson, Antrim county,
Ireland, where his ancestors, who came from Devonshire, England,
with the army of Oliver Cromwell, settled in the seventeenth century.
He emigrated to this country about the year 1816, and settled in St.
John, and died on the 2nd January, 1880. His wife, the mother of
the subject of this sketch, whom he married in February, 1826, was
Maria Wade, grand-daughter of Colonel Ansley. Her father was a
merchant in St. John, and her mother came as a child with her
parents, who were U. E. loyalists when St. John was first settled.
The dates and particulars of the family history were destroyed in the
great fire of 1877. To this worthy couple were born a family of
thirteen children, eight sons and five daughters, and of those nine
still survive, and are filling important positions in various parts of the
world. Daniel E., who was the youngest son, was educated at the
High School of Edinburgh, under Drs. Bryce and Smidtz, and also at
Acadia College, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, where he attended the art
classes. In 1868 he again went to Edinburgh, and entered the
university of that city as a medical student, and during the
curriculum he took honours in several classes, besides receiving a
special honorary diploma from the professor of midwifery and
diseases of children (Simpson). Dr. Berryman was then appointed
house surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, and also acted as private
assistant for over a year to Sir Robert Christison, baronet, D.C.L.,
professor of materia medica, Sir Robert having at that time been
physician to H.M. the Queen, for Scotland. He also acted as, and
held the position of, hospital surgeon and physician, assistant to Dr.
Joseph Bell, surgeon to the Eye and Ear Hospital, and was besides
surgeon to the Edinburgh Maternity Hospital for nine months, and
Hospital for Children, and held temporary appointments under Sir
Joseph Lester and Doctors Gillespie, Saunders, and John H. Bennett;
and also occupied the position of class assistant to Professor A. R.
Simpson, professor of midwifery and diseases of children. On his
return to his native city he began the practice of his profession, and
has succeeded in building up a lucrative business. In 1880 he was
appointed police surgeon for the city; in 1883 he was gazetted
coroner; and in 1886 he was made a justice of the peace. Outside
the practice of his profession, Dr. Berryman has devoted
considerable time to other matters, and we find him occupying the
position of member of the Canada Medical Society; St. John Medical
Society; treasurer of the New Brunswick Medical Society; a provincial
Medical Examiner; a member of the executive of the Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; the corresponding secretary of the
St. John Agricultural Society; a member of the St. John Historical
Society; a member of the order of Oddfellows, and a member of the
Masonic fraternity. The doctor is a Liberal in politics, being
corresponding secretary of the St. John Liberal Society, and in
religious matters is an adherent of the Baptist church.
 Bell, John Howatt, M.A., Barrister, M.P.P. for the Fourth
District of Prince, Summerside, Prince Edward Island, was born at
Cape Traverse, Prince Edward Island, on the 13th December, 1846.
His father, Walter Bell, emigrated from Dumfries, Scotland, in 1820,
and settled at Cape Traverse. His mother was Elizabeth Howatt,
daughter of Adam Howatt. Mr. Bell received his education at the
Prince of Wales College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, and at
Albert University, Belleville, Ontario, at which latter institution he
took the degrees of B.A. and M.A. He studied law as a profession
with Thomas Ferguson, Q.C., Toronto, and was called to the bar of
Ontario in 1874. He then went to Ottawa, and in partnership with R.
A. Bradley, practised his profession for eight years in that city. In
1882 Mr. Bell removed to Emerson, Manitoba, and was admitted a
member of the bar of Manitoba, in 1882, and practised in Emerson
for two years. In 1884 he went to Prince Edward Island, and having
passed the necessary examination, he became a member of the bar
of that island, and has since resided at Summerside successfully
engaged in his profession. At the last general election held in Prince
Edward Island Mr. Bell was returned to represent the fourth electoral
district of Prince in the island House of Assembly. In politics he is a
Liberal, and in religion he belongs to the Presbyterian church. On the
7th July, 1882, he was married to Helen, daughter of Cornelius
Howatt, of Summerside, P.E.I.

Mackay, Norman E., M.D., C.M., M.R.C.S., Eng., etc.,

Surgeon Victoria General Hospital, Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born in
Upper Settlement, Baddeck, Victoria county, Cape Breton, in March,
1851. His father was Neil Mackay, and mother Catharine McMillan.
The family were among the first settlers in the district, and farmed a
considerable portion of land. Dr. Mackay received his primary
education in the Baddeck and Pictou academies, and for some time
taught school. He then chose the medical profession, and in the
winter of 1875-6 began to study with this end in view. He applied
himself diligently to his allotted tasks, and in the second year was
chosen prosector for his class. At the end of his third year he was
awarded the prize for passing the best primary examination. In April,
1879, the Halifax Medical College conferred upon him the degree of
M.D., C.M., and the University of Halifax, that of B.M. in May of the
same year. After graduating, he began the practice of his profession
with success at North Sydney, Cape Breton, and after residing in this
place for a year, he removed to Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island,
where he remained for three years. In April, 1884, he was appointed
surgeon to the Prince Edward Island Hospital. In 1883-4 he took a
post graduate course in the London (England) hospitals and medical
schools, and was admitted a member of the Royal College of
Surgeons in January, 1884. He began to practice medicine in Halifax,
N.S., in January, 1885, and was appointed surgeon to the Victoria
General Hospital of that city in October of the same year. In January,
1886, he received the appointment of physician to the Halifax
Dispensary; and in October following was elected a member of the
Provincial Medical Board. In politics Dr. Mackay is a Liberal, and in
religion a Presbyterian. He was married on the 9th July, 1884, to
Isabella, eldest daughter of Lemuel Miller, principal of West Kent
School, Charlottetown, P.E.I.

Proudfoot, Hon. William, Justice of the Chancery

Division of High Court of Justice of Ontario, Toronto, was born near
Errol, a village in Perthshire, Scotland, on the 9th of November,
1823. He is the son of the late Rev. William Proudfoot, who for many
years was superintendent of the Theological Institute of the United
Presbyterian church, at London, Ontario. The Rev. Mr. Proudfoot was
one of the earliest missionaries sent out to this country by the
United Secession Church of Scotland, as it was then called, and
reached Canada with his family in 1832, and after a few months
spent in Toronto (then Little York), he removed to London, where he
organized a church, in which he officiated until his death, in January,
1851. This old secession minister was a staunch Reformer, and
naturally came under suspicion, when almost everybody who dared
to differ from the dominant party during the troubles of 1837 was
suspected. He, however, boldly met the aspersions of his political
enemies, and secured himself from molestation. The subject of our
sketch, the Hon. Vice-Chancellor Proudfoot, is the third son of this
venerable minister, and he received his educational training under
the paternal roof, never having entered a public institution of
learning. Having resolved to adopt law as a profession, and having
passed his preliminary examination before the Law Society of Upper
Canada, Mr. Proudfoot entered the office of Blake & Morrison,
barristers, Toronto, Mr. Blake afterwards becoming chancellor of
Upper Canada, and Mr. Morrison a justice of the Court of Appeal,
both now deceased, where he remained the five years prescribed as
the period of study for an articled clerk, and during the Michaelmas
term in 1849, he was called to the bar of Upper Canada. He then
entered into partnership with the late Charles Jones, and practised
his profession with this gentleman in Toronto until 1851, when he
was appointed the first chancery-master and deputy-registrar at
Hamilton. This appointment was rendered necessary by the
thorough re-organization of the Equity Court, accomplished on the
representation of chancellor W. H. Blake. After retaining this position
for three years, Mr. Proudfoot, preferring to return to the active work
of his profession, resigned his office, and entered into partnership
with Freeman & Craigie, under the style of Freeman, Craigie &
Proudfoot, barristers. This firm stood at the head of the Hamilton
bar, and Mr. Proudfoot had charge of the equity practice. In 1862, he
left the firm and practised with other partners until 1874, when he
succeeded Vice-Chancellor Strong (who had been promoted to the
Supreme Court) upon the bench. In 1872, he was appointed a
Queen’s counsel by the Ontario government. Prior to his elevation to
the bench, he was an active Reformer in politics; and he still remains
true to the church of his fathers, as a member of a Presbyterian
Church in Toronto. As a lawyer and judge, Hon. Mr. Proudfoot is
deeply read, and continues still to be a devoted student of the great
authorities on equity. Being very conversant with the Latin and
French languages, he is well-grounded in the Roman and civil law,
and his judgments are models of lucid expression and technical
accuracy. He is, what is supposed still better, thoroughly judicial in
the extent of his mind, and has proved himself a distinguished
ornament to the Ontario bench. In 1853, Judge Proudfoot married
Miss Thomson, a daughter of the late John Thomson, of Toronto,
and by this lady he had a family of six children. She died in 1871. He
married his second wife in 1875. She was Miss Cook, daughter of the
late Adam Cook, of Hamilton, and she died in 1878, leaving one son.

Wilkinson, William, of Bushville, Chatham, New

Brunswick, the present judge of the County Courts of
Northumberland, Gloucester, and Restigouche, son of John and
Catherine Wilkinson, both now deceased, was born at Liverpool,
England, on the 11th February, 1826. He came out to New
Brunswick in 1840, arriving at Chatham on the 11th September, after
a long passage of forty-nine days, by the encouragement of, and to
be with his half-brother, the late James Johnson, who had arrived in
the country about six years before, and who had then lately entered
into business as a merchant on his own account. He remained with
his brother as apprentice clerk for two years, and then with the
sanction and good will of all friends, he entered the law office of the
late Hon. John M. Johnson, jun., as a law student, and was entered
as such in Michaelmas term, 1842. In the same term of 1847, having
satisfactorily passed the necessary examinations as to his fitness, he
was duly sworn in and enrolled as an attorney of the Supreme Court
of New Brunswick, and also received his commission to act as notary
public. In Michaelmas term, 1849, he was duly called to the bar. For
a few years after his admission he practised alone, but on the 20th
December, 1852, he entered into partnership with the late Hon. John
M. Johnson, jun., which partnership continued up to the time of Mr.
Johnson’s death, November, 1868. During its continuance they were
engaged in many very important and interesting causes, and always
had the reputation of being very careful, successful, practitioners.
The first governmental office Mr. Wilkinson received was that of
surrogate and judge of Probates for the county of Northumberland,
which was on the resignation of the office by the late Hon. Thomas
H. Peters, on the 8th July, 1851. This office he resigned in the spring
or summer of 1870, with the view of becoming a candidate for the
New Brunswick legislature. And it may be mentioned that during all
the time Mr. Wilkinson held the office, no appeal was ever made
from any decision or judgment made by him in any cause before
him. In the spring or summer of 1852, Mr. Wilkinson was appointed
(under the first Education Act of New Brunswick authorising
inspectors, passed in the previous winter) inspector of schools for his
county, Northumberland, which office he held for several years, until,
fearing that the increasing professional demands on his time and
attention might induce a less careful and thorough performance of
his duties as inspector, or interfere with professional duties, he
resigned the office into the hands of the government, stating these
reasons. But his resignation was much to the regret of the then
superintendent, Marshal D’Avary, who was most desirous that he
should continue in office and become a district inspector under the
new act then, or about to be, passed. On the 8th November, 1870,
he was appointed by the commissioners of the Intercolonial Railway
for examining and reporting upon the titles of lands taken for railway
purposes through the county of Northumberland, and later by the
railway authorities to perform a similar duty in regard to many
unsettled and disputed cases in the adjoining counties of Gloucester
and Restigouche. And at intervals for several years after his first
appointment as railway solicitor, he was appointed one of the
appraisers with one or other of the paymasters of the Intercolonial
Railway, for the time being, to appraise and (after the preparation
and execution of the proper transfer of title) pay the land damages
for rights of way, water courses, and conduits taken for the railway
purposes through all these counties. In the fall of 1872 he was
appointed by the Dominion government immigrant agent for
Northumberland, on the resignation by John G. G. Layton. This office
he held for a few years, when, on a change of government, a new
policy in regard to immigration was inaugurated. But on the
cessation of the office, courteous and full acknowledgment was
made by the then government of the ability and zeal with which the
duties had been performed. On the 2nd April, 1873, he was
appointed by the Dominion government one of Her Majesty’s
Counsel Learned in the Law. On the 6th March, 1877, he was
appointed surrogate of the Vice-Admiralty Court of New Brunswick,
by the Vice-Admiralty Court, and on the 11th March, 1881, on the
resignation of Judge Williston, he received the appointment of judge
of the County Courts of Northumberland, Gloucester, and
Restigouche, and on the next day was duly sworn in and held his
first county court at Bathurst, Gloucester county. On the 12th
February, 1884, he was ex-officio appointed first commissioner under
the Liquor License Act of 1883, for the several license districts of
Northumberland, Gloucester, and Restigouche, and held the same till
the decision of the Privy Council declared the act ultra vires. On the
26th October, 1885, he was appointed under separate commissions
the revising officer of the electoral districts of the counties of
Northumberland and Restigouche respectively, under the Electoral
Franchise Act, passed in 1884. Judge Wilkinson is a member of the
Church of England, adhering strongly to the views developed by the
Oxford movement. For thirty years, and without a break, he was the
vestry clerk of the church corporation in Chatham, where he has
always lived, and only resigned the office a few years ago, because
of his necessary frequent absence from home, to fill judicial
appointments. For a like period, with very rare exceptions, he has
been a delegate to the Diocesan Church Society, and to the Diocesan
Synod at, and ever since its formation, and on several occasions has
been elected by the Diocesan to the Provincial Synod. At the
formation of the Diocesan, he strongly espoused the right of
concurrence of the bishop in all acts of the synod, so in the
Provincial he was with those who held and voted that the House of
Bishops should have a veto power on all nominations to the
episcopate, both of which views, though not without much
opposition, ultimately carried. On St. James’ day, 1850, he was
married to Eliza Lovibond, only child of the Rev. Samuel Bacon, D.R.
(the first rector of Chatham, and who continued such for the long
period of forty-seven years, dying at his post on the 16th February,
1869), and granddaughter of the celebrated sculptor, the elder John
Bacon, by whom he has had six children, only three of whom are
now living: namely, Eliza Bacon, wife of John P. Burchill, M.P.P.; the
Rev. William James, rector of Bay du Vin; and Mary Edith, the wife of
William R. Butler, B.E., professor of mathematics at, and vice-
president of, King’s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. It is said that
after the marriage of the latter, it was observed by the Bishop of
Fredericton, the present Metropolitan of Canada, that he could say in
this instance what, perhaps, could not be said by any other in
Canada of any one else, that it had been his great happiness to
marry the mother as well as her two daughters.

Cargill, Henry, Manufacturer of Lumber, Cargill, Ontario,

M.P. for East Bruce, was born in the township of Nassagaweya,
Halton county, on the 13th August, 1838. His father, David Cargill,
and mother, Anne Cargill, were natives of the county of Antrim,
Ireland, and having emigrated to Canada in 1824, settled in the
county of Halton, Ontario, over sixty years ago. Henry received his
primary education at the schools in his native county, and afterwards
took a course at Queen’s College, Kingston. He commenced the
lumber business in 1861; and in 1878 removed from Nassagaweya
to Guelph, and in April of the following year to Greenock township,
east riding of Bruce county, where he still resides. Although the
manufacture of lumber has been Mr. Cargill’s chief business, he has
engaged, to a limited extent, in mercantile pursuits, and has done
some farming. He has also a flour mill and a sash and door factory,
and on the whole has succeeded very well in all he has undertaken.
He was for some time the postmaster at Cargill; and for the last
three years has been the reeve of the township of Greenock. Mr.
Cargill has been an active politician for many years; and in 1887, on
presenting himself for parliamentary honors, was elected to
represent East Bruce in the Dominion parliament. In 1879 he
generously gave to the Wellington, Grey & Bruce (now the Grand
Trunk) Railway a piece of land on which he built a station, and this
was the starting of the village of Cargill, which is named after him.
In politics he is a Conservative; and in religion he belongs to the
Presbyterian denomination. On the 11th March, 1864, he was
married to Margaret Davidson, daughter of William and Anne
Davidson, of Halton, and has a family of four children.

Stennett, Rev. Canon Walter, Cobourg, Ontario, was

born in Kingston, Ontario, in 1821, of English parents, who had
emigrated, in 1811, to the West Indies, and in 1817, at the close of
the American war, passed through the United States and settled in
Kingston. His father was a typical Englishman, whose politics were
never swayed by considerations of advantage to himself; hence,
though always a staunch Conservative, he neither sought nor
received any government office or emolument, but through a long
life continued true to his principles of loyalty and integrity,
unrewarded. In 1837, when the “American sympathizers” (as they
were then called) aided the rebellion of Mackenzie, he commanded a
body of provincial artillery opposite Navy Island, and he will be
remembered by many still living as president of the officers’ mess of
the militia on the Canadian shore. His son, the subject of this sketch,
a boy of sixteen, was just ending a successful career at Upper
Canada College, where he won many prizes, both in classics and
mathematics. On the opening of King’s College University, young
Stennett was one of the first to matriculate, and soon proved that
his early promise in Upper Canada College would not disappoint
those who expected somewhat from him. Amongst these was the
Rev. Dr. McCaul, with whom young Stennett soon became a great
favorite, and who especially recognized his talent for Latin and
English verse. It was in mathematics, however, that his highest
development showed itself, so much so that the then professor of
mathematics, on leaving for England, wished young Stennett to
enter Cambridge, in which English university he assured him of a
high wranglership. While still pursuing his student career in King’s
College, the vacancy of third classical master in Upper Canada
College occurred, and Mr. Stennett was immediately chosen as one
very fit to fill it. Hence he commenced his course as master in the
institution in which he had received his earliest classical training.
After a few years, and while still completing with éclat his course at
King’s College, and reading in divinity under the late Rev. Dr. Beaven
and Professor Hirschfelder, he received his degrees of B.A. and M.A.;
but was prevented from proceeding to B.D. and D.D. by the abolition
of the chair of divinity, and with it the power of King’s College to
confer degrees in that faculty. Meanwhile, by the lamented death of
the Rev. W. H. Ripley, Mr. Stennett was made second classical master
in Upper Canada College, and afterwards, by a series of events
which caused the retirement of the then principal—the late F. W.
Barron, M.A.—Mr. Stennett was, without the least solicitation on his
own part, promoted to the vacant post, as one fitted in every way,
by his talents, disposition, and acquirements, adequately to fill the
position of principal of the Eton of Canada. A few years before, in
1852, Mr. Stennett had married the daughter of the then Ven.
Archdeacon of York, and, on returning from his marriage tour, was,
while in London, commissioned to obtain from Downing Street, and
to bring out with him, the Royal Charter of Trinity College, Toronto.
Though always by his feelings naturally inclined to the Church
University, Mr. Stennett has never taken an ad eundem degree in
Trinity College, but his name still continues on the roll of what has
ever been to him the rightful representative of his own university.
Thus has the onward tide of things not increased his academic
honors. While principal of Upper Canada College, Mr. Stennett had
the honor of personally presenting the address of that institution to
his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, then on a visit to this
country. About the sixth year of Mr. Stennett’s prosperous conduct of
Upper Canada College, contentions unhappily arose with the Senate
of the University of Toronto, the leading spirits of which desired
alterations in the classical scheme of teaching, and changes in the
mode of discipline, of which changes Mr. Stennett, from his
experience, did not approve. Under the worry produced by
conscientiously resisting these changes, and honestly upholding a
system under which some of the finest minds in the country had had
their training, Mr. Stennett’s health broke down. His honest efforts to
resist what he regarded as a mongrel and lowering system brought
on a serious brain affection, which demanded his resignation in self-
defence, and this resignation was, greatly to the indignation of Sir
Edmund Head, the then governor-general (himself a scholar and a
gentleman), accepted, though he offered Mr. Stennett a special
Royal commission. To recover from this affection of the brain (the
effects of which have never entirely left him), Mr. Stennett retired to
a small property on Lake Simcoe, where, after an interval of needful
rest, he built, and for some time conducted successfully, the private
school known as “Beechcroft.” From this Mr. Stennett was, in 1866,
at the especial desire of Bishop Strachan, promoted to the important
rectory of Cobourg, then about to become vacant by the election of
its rector to the dignity of coadjutor bishop of Niagara. For now over
twenty years Mr. Stennett has ably and successfully conducted the
affairs of the parish of Cobourg; but for some time a return of some
of the symptoms which caused his retirement from Upper Canada
College, has prevented him from actively discharging parish duties,
which he has been obliged largely to delegate to his assistant, the
Rev. Dr. Roy. It must not be supposed, however, that Mr. Stennett,
while principally engaged in teaching, neglected the higher duties of
a Christian clergyman. Called to the diaconate in 1847, and to the
priesthood in the year following, he was immediately appointed
assistant minister in the church of the Holy Trinity, Toronto, the
congregation of which church he worked hard in building up, and for
five years he served that congregation without fee or reward. He
was afterwards chiefly instrumental in building, and in collecting the
congregation for, the church at Carlton, near Toronto. He served for
long periods, in the absence of their own clergy, the church at
Norway, and the three churches of the Rev. Mr. Darling, in the
township of Scarboro’, all this without compensation of any kind.
Finally, on his retirement to Lake Simcoe, he built, and served
gratuitously for several years, the beautiful little stone church of
Christ’s Church, Keswick. In fact, until he was inducted into the
rectory of Cobourg, Mr. Stennett had never received a penny in the
way of stipend. To the efficient manner in which the affairs of his
parish in Cobourg have been managed, the records of the church
can testify. Large returns have been regularly made for all the
purposes for which the synod required collections. A beautiful
chancel has been added to St. Peter’s Church; one of the best
organs in the diocese has been placed therein, and many other
improvements are in course of being made. Canon Stennett having
had the great misfortune to lose his estimable wife by a lingering
illness, was, early in 1882, married by the Bishop of Toronto to Julia
Veronica, daughter of the late Norman Bethune, of Montreal, and
niece of the late Dean Bethune, of Christ’s Church Cathedral in that
city. Her tact, energy and ability have been prominently shown in
those parts of parochial work which need the skilled guidance of an
accomplished lady. This slight sketch would be left imperfect, did we
fail to mention that Canon Stennett’s labors were not confined
altogether to the routine duties of his own parish, but that under
three successive bishops his scholarly and theological attainments
were utilized to the benefit of the diocese at large, in his conducting,
periodically, the examinations for holy orders, until the brain malady,
from which he still suffers, obliged him to resign this portion of his
duties into the hands of his bishop.

Bélanger, Rev. François Honoré, Curé of the Parish

of St. Roch, Quebec, was born at Montreal on the 26th April, 1850.
He is the son of François Bélanger, who was manager of the Queen’s
printer’s establishment during many years, and Elmire Chalut, a
member of a family having numerous representatives in all parts of
the province of Quebec. Mr. Bélanger, sen., died in September, 1857,
and Mrs. Bélanger, in September, 1859. Having completed a course
of classical and theological studies at the Seminary of Quebec, he
determined to enter holy orders. He was ordained priest on the 28th
of May, 1876, and was appointed vicar at the Basilica, Quebec city,
on 29th of May of the same year, a position he held for nine years
and a half. On the 4th of October, 1885, he was given the charge of
the important parish of St. Roch, succeeding the Rev. Mr. Gosselin,
and the Rev. Mr. Charest, whose memory will forever survive, chiefly
in connection with the signal services he rendered his flock on the
occasions of the disastrous conflagrations Quebec has so often been
visited with, and also of the riots, when his presence and his voice
quelled the most turbulent as by magic. Rev. Mr. Bélanger has built
the St. Roch’s School, probably the finest building held by the
Christian Brothers in the Dominion. This school is the property of the
parish of St. Roch.

Joseph, Abraham,—The late Abraham Joseph, Merchant,

of Quebec, was born on the 14th of November, 1815, at Berthier,
near Montreal. He was the son of Henry Joseph and Rachel
Solomon. After the death of his father, who succumbed to the
cholera plague of 1832, he removed to Quebec, where he continued
to reside up to his death, which occurred on the 20th of March,
1886. The other branches of the family have all settled in Montreal.
Mr. Joseph married in 1846 Sophia David, daughter of Samuel David
and Sarah Hart, of Montreal, and she died in 1866, leaving a family
of eleven children, four sons and seven daughters. Of these all but
one have survived their father. Mr. Joseph was a successful man of
business throughout his long career; his name was identified with
almost every commercial enterprise of his time, and in most
instances appeared among their active directors. As president of the
Quebec Board of Trade, he appeared for several years at the head of
the business community, and in his turn presided over the then
flourishing Dominion Board of Trade. He was one of the original
directors of the Banque Nationale, where was seen the unusual
spectacle of eight men, all middle-aged or more, sitting at the same
board for over eleven years without change. The first break in the
board (since, however, much changed), was made when Mr. Joseph
resigned his position, to take the presidency of the Stadacona Bank,
then being established. This institution had a fairly successful career,
but after passing through the greater part of a period of commercial
depression, was put into liquidation by a vote of the shareholders.
The president himself never lost faith in the institution, and his
assertions of its complete soundness were amply proved by the fact,
that in spite of the losses and expenses incidental to liquidation, the
shareholders received back the whole of their capital. Mr. Joseph’s
public services, however, were not confined strictly to commercial
life. Proud of his English descent, he was a life member of the St.
George’s Society, and more than once its president. He sat in the city
council, and once stood for the mayoralty, being only defeated by a
small and very questionable majority. He took a lively interest, but
no prominent part, in politics. He served in the Quebec light infantry,
during the rebellion of 1837-8, and in time attained the rank of
major in the militia. He held the position of vice-consul for Belgium
for over thirty years. A Jew by birth and conviction, he brought up
his large family, with the assistance of his revered wife, as long as
she lived, in all the teachings of their religion, both ceremonial and
moral—a task of no slight difficulty in the absence of anything like an
organized community. Though truly religious, however, he was as far
removed as possible from any taint of bigotry, and his integrity, kind-
heartedness and intelligent sympathy, made him the friend alike of
Catholic and Protestant, rich and poor, English and French. It is
doubtful, indeed, whether in his long career he made any enemies.
It is very characteristic of the man’s liberal views, that of the only
two public legacies left by his will, one was for a Christian object, the
other for a Jewish. His habits were thoroughly domestic and
sociable, and his residence, Kincardine Place, was long known as
one of the most hospitable residences in Quebec city. He was never
happier than when surrounded by the young friends of the family, or
by his grandchildren, eight of whom he lived to see.

Pelletier, Hon. Honoré Cyrias, Puisné Judge of the

Superior Court of the province of Quebec, with place of residence at
Rimouski, was born at Cacouna, in the county of Kamouraska, on
the 28th November, 1840, from the marriage of François Pelletier,
farmer, and Françoise Caron, who lived in Cacouna, and removed
later on to St. Arsène, county of Temiscouata. Justice Pelletier was
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