Processing technique

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 Compression molding
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• conventional method for processing acrylic resin

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• after wax elimination, the acrylic resin dough is packed in the gypsum mold
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• flasks are placed under pressure in a water bath to initiate polymerization of the resin
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• cons : polymerization and thermal shrinkage, dimensional changes of denture base and
changes in occlusal vertical dimension
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Fluid resin
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Fluid resin technique

• developed in 1955
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• chemically cured
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pourable acrylic resins with

hydrocolloid molds
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• Now : Curing temperature is 45 °C with a
pressure chamber for 30-45 mins
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• resin is the smaller size of the powder > results in
a more fluid mix in first - low viscosity resin
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 Fluid resin technique
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• Pros
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: simplification of flasking , deflasking and finishing , decreased probability of
damage to prosthetic teeth and denture bases during flasking
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• Cons : shifting of prosthetic on now abondwdenture
teeth during processing , air entrapment
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within the denture

base , poor bonding between denture base & acrylic resin teeth and technique
sensitivity
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Injection-molding
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Meenarin Panittaveekul
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 Injection-molding technique
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• a special flask with sprue for injection the resin after wax elimination

• As it polymerizes, additional resin is injected into the mold cavity and reduced
polymerization shrinkage

• constant injection pressure compensates for the gradual shrinkage of the acrylic resin
as the denture base is cured under heat and pressure
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Injection-molding technique
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Pros : smaller degree of error , no need to open and press , better accuracy and
adaptation to soft tissue , less changes in vertical dimension and reduced need for
occlusal adjustment after processing , more strength and density in denture base

• pot
maintainnee
: high cost and a
training equipment
Cons technique sensitivity , some researcher reported no significant
advantages over conventional method

• Example : SR Ivocap , IvoBase

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 Light polymerized technique
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• composite matrix of Urethane dimethacrylate , micro fine silica & high molecular weight
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• activated with high intensity visible light 400 to 500nm for about 10 minutes
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• Camphoroquinone as an initiator (Photoinitiator)
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• Pros : no MMA monomer , less polymerization shrinkage , good adaptation

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• Cons : deformation during function , less strength compare to PMMA
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Microwave
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activated resin

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 Microwave activated resin
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• special glass fiber-reinforced plastic flask (no metallic flask)

• Microwaves are electromagnetic waves in the megahertz frequency range

• radio waves with a short curing cycle of about 3 minutes at 500 to 600 W/cycle
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• Pros : cleaner , denture tooth movements is lower , equal distribution of temperature
throughout the resin and gypsum mold , and increased homogeneity of the dough
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• Cons :bin
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high equipment expenses and fragility of the plastic flasks
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technique
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 CAD/CAM technique
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• additive (RP) or subtractive (milling)
rapidprinting
• RP physical models is build up from 3D electronic information by layered manufacturing

• Subtractive technique is done by milling from a block

 CAD/CAM technique
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• Pros : pre-polymerized acrylic resin = decreased shrinkage , increase strength and fit ofsbbwuGno'y
dentures , also ability to form complex anatomic features especially in maxillofacial
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prosthesis
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• Cons : some challenges due to impression-taking and OVD recording procedures and
maintenance of lip support and mandibular occlusal plane , which are same as
conventional process , expensive materials and increased laboratory cost
Compression molding with
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heat activation
 Compression molding
with heat activation

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1. finish the clinical wax try-in (clinical step) 7. wax elimination / boil out
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2. seal the denture to the cast 8. packing

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3. finalized occlusion 9. processing / polymerization
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4. finish waxing / festooning 10. deflasking

5. cast separation from mounting

6. flasking
 Flasking
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• the act of investing a flask

• the process of investing the cast and a wax replica of the desired form in a flask
preparatory to molding the restorative material into the desired product

Flask : a metal case or tube used in investing procedures

 upper half
Upper : Maxillary denture
lower half

Flask Lower : Mandibulary denture

lower half
Lid

Meenarin Panittaveekul
Lid
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• the act of filling a mold

• the act of pressing a denture base material into a refractory mold within a flask

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 PMMA
• Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)

• Strong bU7 Anastasia 83

plastic stage
The reaction passes through 3 stages
• reasonably stable in the oral environment
1. activation and initiation
• adequate biocompatibility
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• good esthetics

• relatively inexpensive 3. ago

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• quick and easy fabrication to a custom fit Torino
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Heat-activated PMMA
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monomer

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• Methyl methacrylate (MMA)monomer PMMA spheres
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• glycol dimethacrylate (1-2 vol%) • benzoyl peroxide powder (initiator)
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• copolymer-cross linking agent • coloring and characterization
materials to mimic gingiva
• increases craze resistance

• Hydroquinone
Powder : Liquid
• inhibitor to provide shelf life
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in the monomer , cannot be handled
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3. Dough : mix becomes a workable non-sticky dough , suitable for packing into a
mold
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4. Rubbery : too late too adapt to the mold , rebound
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 Denture processing
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terminology
• the means by which the denture base materials are polymerized to the form of a
denture

• the conversion of the wax pattern of a denture or a portion of a denture into resin or
other material
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• Short cycle : process at 74 °C for 2 hr and increasing to 100 °C for 1 hr

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• Full cycle : constant temperature water bath at 74 °C for 8 hr or more with no terminal
boiling treatment or increase to 100 °C for 1 hour
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• Follow with bench cooling 30 mins follow with 15 mins in cool water to prevent denture
base warping

• Boiling point of unreacted monomer : temperature about 100.8 - 101 °C

 Denture processing
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• Inadequate pressure during flask closure, an insufficient amount of dough

packing of the mold, or improper mixing of powder/liquid components may also result in
denture porosity

• The resulting porosity will inevitably compromise the physical properties and denture
esthetics and may promote the accumulation of denture deposits, which could
adversely affect the health of the denture-supporting tissues
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