Internet of Things (IoT)

At the End of the Presentation

You will able to :
●
Understand the definition and significance of the Internet of Things
●
Understand the concepts and scope of Internet of Things (IoT)
●
Understand the key components that make up an IoT system
●
Apply the knowledge and skills required for working IoT system involving
Programming and Prototyping.
 Work Flow

11-Introduction
-Introduction 22––IoT
IoTOverview
Overview 33––IoT
IoTfor
forEveryone
Everyone

66–– Sensors
Sensorsand
and
44-Applications
-Applicationsof
ofIoT
IoT 55–– Raspberry
RaspberryPi
Pi its
itsApplications
Applications

77-- Challenges
Challengesin
inIoT
IoT 88––Live
LiveDemo
Demo

99––Question
Questionand
andAnswer
Answer
 Work Flow

11-Introduction
-Introduction 22––IoT
IoTOverview
Overview 33––IoT
IoTfor
forEveryone
Everyone

66–– Sensors
Sensorsand
and
44-Applications
-Applicationsof
ofIoT
IoT 55–– Raspberry
RaspberryPi
Pi its
itsApplications
Applications

77-- Challenges
Challengesin
inIoT
IoT 88––Live
LiveDemo
Demo

99––Question
Questionand
andAnswer
Answer
What is Internet of Things (IOT) ?
History
• 1967 – ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
• 1971 – DARPANET (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network)
• 1980 - NSFNET (National Science Foundation Network)
• 1993 – ARPANET
.
.
.
.
• Currently - Internet
 So What is Internet, Again ?

“ A global Computer Network providing a variety of

information and communication facilities, consisting of
interconnected networks using standardized communication
protocols “
So What is Computer Networks, Again ?

“A Computer Network is a set of Computers

Connected together for the purpose of sharing
resources”
 A Computer Network is a set of Computers
Connected together for the purpose of sharing
resources”
 Desktop Desktop Desktop

Laptop
Telephone
Fax
 Internet:
A global Computer Network providing a variety of information
and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected
networks using standardized communication protocols “
 Internet

Jyoti Nivas College RV College

Internet

PESIT College BMS College

 Work Flow

11-Introduction
-Introduction 22––IoT
IoTOverview
Overview 33––IoT
IoTfor
forEveryone
Everyone

66–– Sensors
Sensorsand
and
44-Applications
-Applicationsof
ofIoT
IoT 55––Raspberry
RaspberryPi
Pi its
itsApplications
Applications

77-- Challenges
Challengesin
inIoT
IoT 88––Live
LiveDemo
Demo

99––Question
Questionand
andAnswer
Answer
 Desktop
Laptop Telephone
Fax

Washing Machine TV Dog

Fan Refrigerator Tank

AC

Lights CCTV Camera Shoes Car Bike

Watch Wallet Switches

Plant Water Heater Door
 Desktop Desktop Desktop

Dog
Washing Machine Fan TV Tank
Refrigerator

AC

Lights CCTV Camera Shoes Car Bike

Laptop
Telephone
Fax
 Desktop Desktop Desktop

Dog
Washing Machine Fan TV Refrigerator Tank

AC

Lights CCTV Camera Shoes Car Bike

Laptop
Telephone
Fax
 What is Internet of Things (IoT) ?
●
“Internet of Things” (IoT) is networked connection of
physical objects (No “people” and No “process”
components of IoE). IoT is a single technology
transition. ”

●
The Internet of Things is transforming our physical
world into a complex and dynamic system of connected
devices

●
Communication between the devices through internet

●
The term “The Internet of Things” (IoT) was coined
by Kevin Ashton

The network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with
electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity that enables these objects to collect
and exchange data“ (According to Wikipedia)
Internet of Things
 Work Flow

11-Introduction
-Introduction 22––IoT
IoTOverview
Overview 33––IoT
IoTfor
forEveryone
Everyone

66–– Sensors
Sensorsand
and
44-Applications
-Applicationsof
ofIoT
IoT 55––Raspberry
RaspberryPi
Pi its
itsApplications
Applications

77-- Challenges
Challengesin
inIoT
IoT 88––Live
LiveDemo
Demo

99––Question
Questionand
andAnswer
Answer
 IoT for Everyone
Networking of people, process, data, and things.
i.e “Everything”

 Connecting People –to - People (P2P)

 Connecting Machine –to- People (M2P)

 Connecting Machine –to- Machine (M2M)

Computer Vs Human
 Sense of Organs in Human

Sense of Organs for Computers

 Work Flow

11-Introduction
-Introduction 22––IoT
IoTOverview
Overview 33––IoT
IoTfor
forEveryone
Everyone

66–– Sensors
Sensorsand
and
44-Applications
-Applicationsof
ofIoT
IoT 55––Raspberry
RaspberryPi
Pi its
itsApplications
Applications

77-- Challenges
Challengesin
inIoT
IoT 88––Live
LiveDemo
Demo

99––Question
Questionand
andAnswer
Answer
 • Consumer Applications
Applications of IoT • Smart Home,
• Elder care
• Infrastructure Applications
• Monitoring infrastructures,
• Environment,
• Energy Management
• Health care [Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)]
• Remote health monitoring and
• Emergency notification systems.
• Transportation
• Smart parking,
• Traffic control,
• Toll collection
• Industrial Applications [Industrial IoT(IIoT)]
• Manufacturing ,
• Agriculture
• Military applications
• Surveillance
• Education
Smart Boards, Attention to Attendance, Adjusting Disability
 Work Flow

11-Introduction
-Introduction 22––IoT
IoTOverview
Overview 33––IoT
IoTfor
forEveryone
Everyone

66––Sensors
Sensorsand
and
44-Applications
-Applicationsof
ofIoT
IoT 55––Raspberry
RaspberryPi
Pi its
itsApplications
Applications

77-- Challenges
Challengesin
inIoT
IoT 88––Live
LiveDemo
Demo

99––Question
Questionand
andAnswer
Answer
 Introduction
To
RASPBERRY Pi
Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi 3
• Broadcom BCM2837 64bit ARMv7 Quad Core
Processor powered

• 1GB RAM

• Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) on board

• 40 pin extended GPIO

• 4 x USB 2 ports

• 4 pole Stereo output and Composite video port

• Full size HDMI

• CSI camera port

• Micro SD port

• DSI display port

Pin Configuration of Pi
Operating System for Raspberry Pi
• Raspbian

• Ubuntu MATE

• Snappy Ubuntu

• Pidora

• Linutop

• SARPi

• Arch Linux ARM

• Gentoo Linux

• FreeBSD

• Kali Linux

• RISC OS Pi
LANGUAGES USED FOR IoT

Arduino IDE: The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and
Linux operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to Windows. The
Arduino software is a open source tools, The language can be expanded through C++
libraries.
Python: Scripting Language, It's free Complete Object-Oriented, Portable. A broad
standard library, Mixes good features from Java, Perl and scheme, Easy to use and
Learn, supports databases.
Java: features that make JAVA favorable for the Internet of Things (IoT) Development
is Write Once, Run Anywhere, Object Oriented, extensive built-in library, highly
interoperable.
Golang: open-source statically typed programming language, ability for the maximum
usage of the hardware that makes it more compatible and relevant for the IoT
development.
 Introduction
To
NodeMCU ESP8266
NodeMCU ESP8266
NodeMCU ESP8266

• NodeMCU Stands for Node MicroController Unit

• NodeMCU is open-source software and hardware

development environment
• NodeMCU is built using inexpensive System-on-a-Chip
(SoC) called ESP8266
• NodeMCU contain Following Elements

•
CPU
•
RAM
•
WiFi
•
Operating System
• NodeMCU has 16 general purpose input-output pins on
its board
 NodeMCU ESP8266
NodeMCU ESP8266 Specifications & Features
●
Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU Xtensa LX106
●
Operating Voltage: 3.3V
●
Input Voltage: 7-12V
●
Digital I/O Pins (DIO): 13
●
Analog Input Pins (ADC): 1
●
UARTs: 2 (Universal Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter) for uploading code
●
SPIs: 1
●
Flash Memory: 4 MB
●
SRAM: 64 KB
●
Clock Speed: 80 Mhz
●
USB-TTL based on CP2102 is included onboard, Enabling
Plug n Play
●
PCB Antenna
●
Small Sized module to fit smartly inside your IoT projects
NodeMCU ESP8266
NodeMCU ESP8266 Types

Official Amica
Official Amica Lolin
NodeMCU
NodeMCU NodeMCU
on Carrier Board
NodeMCU ESP8266
Introduction
To
Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE
●
The full form of Arduino IDE is Arduino Integrated Development Environment -
●
Arduino IDE is an open-source application to write and upload code to Arduino
compatible boards.
●
It is a cross-platform application that works on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
●
Arduino is a hardware programming language, basically written in C and C++.
Installing Arduino IDE
In
Ubuntu 20.04
 Installing Arduino IDE using script
Step 1: Make sure your Ubuntu system packages are up-to-date:
●
sudo apt-get update
Step 2: Download Arduino IDE and extract
●
Download the latest version of the Arduino IDE for Linux 64bit from the download page
●
mkdir arduino
●
cd arduino/
●
wget https://downloads.arduino.cc/arduino-1.8.15-linux64.tar.xz
Step 3: Extract the tar.xz file:
●
tar -xvf ./arduino-1.8.15-linux64.tar.xz
Step 4: Install Arduino using the installer script
●
cd arduino-1.8.15/
●
sudo ./install.sh
 Adding user to dialout group
Step 1: Type the following command in the terminal:
●
ls -l /dev/ttyACM*

Step 2: you will get something like:

●
crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 0 5 apr 23.01 ttyACM0
Step 3: The data we need is "dialout" (it is the group owner of the file).
Step 4: Now we just need to add our system user to the group:
●
sudo usermod -a -G dialout <username>
●
Example:
– sudo usermod -a -G dialout manjunath
Note: After this command, you should be able to run an IDE normally and upload
the sketch to your board or use the Serial Monitor.
Installing Arduino IDE
In
Windows 10
 Programming NodeMCU
using
Arduino IDE (Linux/Windows)
 Installing Arduino IDE in Windows
Step 1: Download the Arduino Software (IDE):
●
https://www.arduino.cc/en/software
 Installing Arduino IDE in Windows
Step 2: When the download finishes, proceed with the installation and please
allow the driver installation process when you get a warning from the operating
system:
 Installing Arduino IDE using script
Step 1: Copy the following Code
●
http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json
Step 2: Choose Preferences in the File menu and enter the copied code in
Additional Board Manager URLs part. Then press OK.
 Installing Arduino IDE using script
Step 3: Search the word ESP8266 in Boards>boards manager from Tools menu.
●
Then install ESP8266 boards.
●
After complete installation, you will see the INSTALLED label on ESP8266 boards.
 Installing Arduino IDE using script
Step 4: After these two steps, you can see ESP8266 based boards such as
NodeMCU in your Arduino IDE boards list, and you can choose your desired
board to upload the code..
 Installing Arduino IDE using script
Step 5: Select the port.
 Installing Arduino IDE using script
Step 6: Finally Upload the code.
 Work Flow

11-Introduction
-Introduction 22––IoT
IoTOverview
Overview 33––IoT
IoTfor
forEveryone
Everyone

66––Sensors
Sensorsand
and
44-Applications
-Applicationsof
ofIoT
IoT 55––Raspberry
RaspberryPi
Pi its
itsApplications
Applications

77-- Challenges
Challengesin
inIoT
IoT 88––Live
LiveDemo
Demo

99––Question
Questionand
andAnswer
Answer
Program - 1
Blinking LED
LED and NodeMCU Fritzing Diagram

Small
GND
Leg

Big Leg D0
 Program - 2
NodeMCU with Buzzer
LED and NodeMCU Fritzing Diagram

Small
GND
Leg

Big Leg D2
 Program - 3
Distance Measurement using
Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic Sensor

●
It is an Sensor
●
Its measures the distance using ultrasonic
sound waves.
●
Non-contact type sensor that measure distance
as well as velocity of an object
●
Ultrasonic sound travels at 340 m/s in the air
Ultrasonic and NodeMCU Fritzing Diagram

HC - SR04 ESP8266
VCC VCC

Trigger D0

Echo D1

GND GND
 Program - 4
Temperature and Humidity using
DHT11 Sensor
Temperature and Humidity Sensor

DHT11 DHT22
✔
Ultra low cost
✔
Low cost
✔
3 to 5V power
✔
3 to 5V power
✔
Good for 0-100% humidity readings with 2-
✔
Good for 20-80% humidity readings with 5%
5% accuracy
accuracy
✔
Good for -40 to 80°C temperature readings
✔
Good for 0-50°C temperature readings ±2°C ±0.5°C accuracy
accuracy ✔
once every 2 seconds
✔ once every second
Installing DHT11 Libraries for Arduino/NodeMCU
Open the Arduino IDE and click on the Sketch option. In the options listed below,
click on the ‘Include Library‘ option. You will see the list of all the libraries and
install DHT Sensor Library as shown in the figure.
Installing DHT11 Libraries for Arduino/NodeMCU
Open the Arduino IDE and click on the Sketch option. In the options listed below,
click on the ‘Include Library‘ option. You will see the list of all the libraries and
install DHT Sensor Library as shown in the figure.
Installing DHT11 Libraries for Arduino/NodeMCU
The second option of Zipped file is used when we want to install a library
downloaded from the internet. For using library manager, click on the
‘Manage Libraries‘ option
DHT11 and NodeMCU Fritzing Diagram

VCC VCC

GND GND

OUT D1
 Program - 5
Single Channel Relay
Relay Module
●
Relay is a electrically operated switch. Generally used relay modules are 5v / 12v.
●
The relay uses an electromagnet to mechanically switch electric appliances.
●
A relay can be operated by a relatively small electric current that can turn ON or OFF a much larger electric
current.
●
Using relays is safe as there is no any physical contact between NodeMCU and AC devices.
How Relay Module Works
●
As mentioned above, the relay is an electrically operated switch where the relay
opens when the two contacts are disconnected, while the relay is closed when the
two contacts touch.
●
When set to high, the relay will close allowing current to flow.

●
They consist of coils, armatures, and contacts
●
When the coil is energized, the induced magnetic field moves the armature, which opens
or closes the contact.
How Relay Module Works
●
Relay is basically act a switch between electrical load and NodeMCU.
●
Relay have two configuration NO (Normally Open) & NC (Normally Close).
●
Relay have coil which is energized by 5v, when coil energized switching action
takes place, based on NO-NC configuration.
●
If relay is NO configuration then when coil is energized switching action takes
place from NO-NC then load will be connected.
Relay and NodeMCU Fritzing Diagram

Relay Module
VCC VCC

GND GND

OUT D4
 Program - 6
Passive Infrared Sensor
PIR Sensor
●
PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has moved in or out of
the sensors range.
●
They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use and don't wear out.
●
For that reason they are commonly found in appliances and gadgets used in homes or businesses.
●
They are often referred to as PIR, "Passive Infrared", "Pyroelectric", or "IR motion" sensors.
PIR Sensor
●
PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has moved in or out of
the sensors range.
●
They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use and don't wear out.
●
For that reason they are commonly found in appliances and gadgets used in homes or businesses.
●
They are often referred to as PIR, "Passive Infrared", "Pyroelectric", or "IR motion" sensors.
PIR and NodeMCU Fritzing Diagram

PIR Sensor
VCC VCC

GND GND

PIR OUT D7

LED Light

Small
GND
Leg

Big Leg D6
Program - 7
Rain Sensor
Rain Sensor
●
Rain Sensors also called raindrop sensors are very handy sensors that are used in a variety of
use cases.
●
Alone a rain sensor can only detect if it is raining and how strong it rains but in combination
with other electrical devices you can build useful applications.
●
The rain sensor consists of 2 components, which we consider in more detail below:
– Rain drop module to detect if it is raining or not
– Control board to process the data from the rain drop module
How Rain Sensor Works
●
Raindrop sensor is basically a board on which nickel is coated in the form of lines.
●
It works on the principal of resistance.
●
When there is no rain drop on board.
●
Resistance is high so we gets high voltage according to V=IR.
●
When rain drop present it reduces the resistance because water is conductor of electricity and
presence of water connects nickel lines in parallel so reduced resistance and reduced voltage
drop across it.
Rain Sensor and NodeMCU Fritzing Diagram

NODEMC
Rain
U
VCC VCC

GND GND

A0 A0
Program - 8
Servo Motor
Servo Motor

●
Its an actuator
●
Its a rotary actuator
●
It requires Control signal and Energy source
●
Control Signal :is a low energy which is
converted into the mechanical motion by
the actuator.
Servo Motor and NodeMCU Fritzing Diagram

Servo
NodeMCU
Motor
VCC VCC

GND GND

D2 Input
 Program - 9
RGB LED Light
RGB LED
●
An RGB LED is a combination of 3 LEDs RED, Green and Blue.
●
These three colors Red, green and blue can make any color.
●
By varying supplied voltage to RGB LEDs different colors are formed.
●
In the NodeMCU different voltage are supplied using analog output function
●
An RGB LED has 4 pin interfaces. 3 Pins are for Red, Blue and Green. There is a common pins for all three LEDs
●
An RGB LED can be two types-
– Common Anode:-Anode (+) pin is common.
– Common Cathode:- (Cathode-/GND) pin is common.
RGB LED

NodeMCU RGB

D5 Red
GND Big Leg
D6 Green

D7 Blue
Program - 10
LDR Sensor
LDR Sensor
●
A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is a component that has a (variable)
resistance that changes with the light intensity that falls upon it.
●
This allows them to be used in light sensing circuits.
●
It is a one type of resistor whose resistance varies depending on the amount of
light falling on its surface.
●
When the light falls on the resistor, then the resistance changes.
LDR Sensor

NodeMCU LDR

Vin VCC
GND GND
A0 OUT
Program - 11
Gas Sensor
Gas Sensor
●
Gas sensors (also known as gas detectors) are electronic devices that detect and identify
different types of gasses.
●
They are commonly used to detect toxic or explosive gasses and measure gas concentration.
●
Gas sensors are employed in factories and manufacturing facilities to identify gas leaks, and
to detect smoke and carbon monoxide in homes.
●
Gas sensors vary widely in size (portable and fixed), range, and sensing ability.
Gas Sensor

NodeMCU Gas

Vin VCC
GND GND
A0 OUT
Rain Sensor and PIR Sensor

●
Its is a Sensor
●
It requires Control signal and Energy source
●
Control Signal :is a low energy which is
converted into the mechanical motion by the
actuator.

●
Its is a Sensor
●
PIR sensors allow you to sense motion
●
Passive infrared (PIR) sensors use a pair of
pyroelectric sensors to detect heat energy in
the surrounding environment.
●
PIR detect levels of infrared radiation
SENSORS AND THEIR APPLICATION

Temperature Sensors Measures the changes in the temperature.

Used in computers, mobile phones, automobiles, air conditioning
systems, industries etc Sample project: Temperature control system

Proximity Sensors Non-contact type sensor that detects the presence of an object.
Used in Mobile Phones, Cars (Parking Sensors).
Sample project: Reverse parking

Ultrasonic Sensors
Non-contact type sensor that measure distance as well as velocity
of an object..
Used in Stacking height control, liquid level control etc
Sample project: Smart charging pool
SENSORS AND THEIR APPLICATION

Light/Photo Sensors Light Dependent Resistor that measures the intensity of light
when the intensity of light increases, its resistance decreases and
vise-versa.
Used cell phones and tablets to adjust the brightness
Sample project : Light detector using LDR
Smoke & Gas Sensors
Sensor that detects gases like LPG, Propane, Butane, Methane
Useful sensors in safety related applications to protect laboratories,
large scale kitchens and industries.
Sample project: Smoke detector alarm circuit
Alcohol Sensors
Detects alcohol.
Used in in Breathalyzer devices to determine whether a person is
drunk or not. Sample project: Alcohol detector alarm circuit
SENSORS AND THEIR APPLICATION

Touch Sensors Detects touch of a finger or a stylus when the intensity of light
Used cell phones, laptops, attendance system
Sample project : Authentication system

Humidity Sensors
Sensor provide temperature as well as humidity data.
Used in agriculture, environmental monitoring, food industry
Sample project: Smoke detector alarm circuit
Installing Telegram Bot Library
Step 1: Create the Telegram Bot
Step 2: Download the Universal Arduino Telegram Bot library
Step 3: Go to Sketch > Include Library > Add.ZIP Library...
Add the library you’ve just downloaded.
Step 4: Install ArduinoJson Library
Go to Sketch > Include Library > Manage Libraries.
Search for “ArduinoJson”.
Install the library
Installing Telegram Bot Library
Step 4: Install ArduinoJson Library
Go to Sketch > Include Library > Manage Libraries.
Search for “ArduinoJson”.
Install the library
 Work Flow

11-Introduction
-Introduction 22––IoT
IoTOverview
Overview 33––IoT
IoTfor
forEveryone
Everyone

66––Sensors
Sensorsand
and
44-Applications
-Applicationsof
ofIoT
IoT 55––Raspberry
RaspberryPi
Pi its
itsApplications
Applications

77-- Challenges
Challengesin
inIoT
IoT 88––Live
LiveDemo
Demo

99––Question
Questionand
andAnswer
Answer
Challenges in IoT

• Security
• Limited Power and Bandwidth
• Scalability
• Compatibility
• Data Capturing Capabilities
Contact for Workshops/Training:
●
Computer Networks (Hands on Session)
●
Internet of Things (Hands on Session)
●
Ethical Hacking (Hands on Session)
●
Machine Learning (Hands on Session)

Dr. Manjunath M
Phone: 9535096576
Email id: [email protected]