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Database Management System

Normalization in DBMS is the process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve integrity, involving the division of large tables into smaller, related tables. It is carried out in various normal forms (NF) including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF, and 5NF, each with specific criteria for structuring data. The document provides examples of tables before and after normalization for each normal form.

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Yashwanth Ram
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3 views21 pages

Database Management System

Normalization in DBMS is the process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve integrity, involving the division of large tables into smaller, related tables. It is carried out in various normal forms (NF) including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF, and 5NF, each with specific criteria for structuring data. The document provides examples of tables before and after normalization for each normal form.

Uploaded by

Yashwanth Ram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database

Management
System
NORMALISATION

INSPIRED BY
Introduction:
Normalisation in DBMS is the process of
organizing data in database to reduce
redundancy and improve data integrity
It involves dividing large tables into smaller
relative tables
Normalisation is typically carried out in
normla forms (NF) such as:
1NF (First Normal Form)
2NF (Second Normal Form)
3NF (Third Normal Form)
4NF (Fourth Normal Form)
5Nf (Fifth Normal Form)
BCNF (Boyce-Code Normal Form)
1 NF

First Normal Form


A table is in 1NF if all it’s attributes have
atomic (individual) values and thereare
no repeating groups
Example Table
Before 1NF:

StudentID → StudentName, Courses


After 1NF:
2 NF

Second Normal Form


A table is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and non
prime attribute is partially on any
candidate key.
Example Table
Before 2NF:

StudentID → StudentName
(StudentID, Course) → StudentName (trivial since StudentName depends
only on StudentID)
After 2NF:

Student-Course Table

Course-Instructor Table
3 NF

Third Normal Form


A table is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and no
transitve dependency exists between
non prime attributes.
Example Table
Before 3NF:

StudentID → StudentName, AdvisorID


AdvisorID → AdvisorName
After 3NF:

Student Table

Advisor Table
BC NF

Boyce-Codd Normal
Form
A relation is in BCNF if it is in 3NF
and every non trival functional
dependency has a super key as its
determinant.
Assume Hobby-> Trainer, and
Hobby is not a candidate key in a
more complete version.
Example Table
Before BCNF:

(ProfessorID, Subject) → Department


ProfessorID → Department
After BCNF:

Professor Table

Professor-Subject Table
4 NF

Fourth Normal Form


A relation is in 4NF if it’s in BCNF and
has no multivalued dependencies.
Example Table
Before 4NF:

StudentID →→ Hobby
StudentID →→ Language
After 4NF:

Student_Hobby Table

Student_Skill Table
5 NF

Fifth Normal Form


Also called Project-Join Normal Form. A
relation is in 5NF if it is in 4NF and every
join dependency is it is simplied by
candidate keys.
Example Table
Before 5NF:

Join Dependency:
Project ⨝ Supplier ⨝ Part
After 5NF:
Project-Supplier Table

Project-Part Table

Supplier-Part Table
Nishitha Shri
RA2311026010242

Nithissh
RA2311026010226

Ajay Surya

THANK YOU! RA2311026010244

Yashwanth
RA2311026010248

Pranesh Kandha
RA2311026010235

Lalith
RA2311026010220

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