Chapter 4 (APPLICATIONS AND USE OF COMPUTERS)

Q1. Explain the role and uses of computers in our life.

Ans. ROLE OF COMPUTER: The role of computer in our lives is increasing day by day. We
are living today in the information era and the information has become one of the most valuable
assets. To process this information, we make use of computers in various fields in our daily life.
Computers have been integrated in our life in different shapes and sizes like desktops, laptops,
mobile phones, gaming consoles and smart devices. Our lives have become so dependent of
computers that we cannot work even a single day without the help of it. We have automated
many of the repetitive tasks with the help of more advanced, faster and accurate computers and
brought our routine tasks, office works, businesses, researches and industrial applications to a
new level.
Use In Daily Life:
(a) Mobile Phone apps
Computers are playing an important part in our daily life. Mobile phone app helps in:
(i) Gathering News and weather updates
(ii) Travelling information and bookings
(iii) Money transfer, billing and banking
(iv) Taxi bookings
(b) Online Services: are becoming a trend in our society too, like:
(i) Food home delivery and
(ii)Online shopping
(c) Use To Perform Managerial Task: Many managerial tasks are also done by computer
software, like:
(i) Schools management
(ii) Library and
(iii) Hospital management
(d) Entertainment fields: Computers are also providing variety of choices for entertainment.

Q2. Define some productivity tools used in business, offices and home.
Ans. There are some of the most popular productivity tools.
1. Word Processing:-Word processing software is one of the most common technology
tools in the world, capable of creating, storing, printing text documents, CVs, covering
letters, business correspondence and much more. It allows users to write and modify text,
display it on a screen, and print it out.
2. Desktop Publishing:-Desktop publishing software creates layouts of text and media files
for publishing in print or digital formats, such as newspapers, magazines, brochures,
ebooks, blogs, and online publications.
3. Spreadsheet:- A spreadsheet is a computer program that can capture, display and
manipulate data arranged in rows and columns. A spreadsheet is generally designed to
hold numerical data and short text strings.
4. Database:-Database software is used to create, edit, and maintain database files and
records, enabling easier file and record creation, data entry, data editing, updating, and
reporting. The software also handles data storage, backup and reporting, multi-access
control, and security.
 5. Graphics:-Graphics software is a type of computer program that is used to create and
edit images.
6. Communication:-Communication software is an application or program designed to
pass information from one system to another.

Q3. How is computer beneficial in bank.

Ans. In today’s digital era, computers have become an indispensable part of the banking sector,
instantly logged into a customer's account. Accurate monthly bank statements are generated with
the help of computer. Computer networks allow amount of bill to be transferred from customer's
bank account to the store.
Automated Teller Machine (ATM):People can obtain cash any time anywhere through
Automated Teller Machine (ATM).
Faster Transaction Processing Computers have paved the way for faster and more efficient
transaction processing. Whether it’s depositing or withdrawing money, transferring funds, or
making payments, computer systems facilitate real-time processing, providing customers with
instant updates on their account balances and transaction history.
Accurate Financial Calculations:-Computer technology has eliminated human errors in
financial calculations. Complex interest computations, loan repayments, and other financial
operations are now accurately and swiftly calculated by computer systems.
Enhanced Customer Experience:-Online Banking Services, computers have empowered banks
to offer online banking services, revolutionizing the way customers interact with their accounts.
Through secure websites and mobile applications, customers can conveniently access their
accounts from anywhere at any time. They can perform a wide range of transactions, such as
checking balances, transferring funds, paying bills, and even applying for loans, without the need
to visit a physical branch.

Q4. Define computer in communication

Ans. Computer in Communication:- One of the most important uses of computers is
communication. The computer has made the world a global village. That everyone is connected
with each other. It is also playing a significant role in the defense
departments, agriculture, education, the field of chemistry, For office automation, at home,
and the market, etc. In past, people travel a lot of distances even distances of months to meet
their relatives but now computers provide the facility of communication within seconds. We can
connect with our relatives with just a single call.
1. Email:- Electronic mail, often shortened to email, sends a digital message to a recipient in a
process similar to traditional mail.
2 .Text messaging:- Text messaging is similar to email, except you use a phone number instead
of an email address to determine where to send your message.
3. Voice Over Internet Protocol messaging Voice Over Internet Protocol, also known as VOIP,
is the process of using the internet to transmit a voice message. It sends the voice message
quickly, which allows people to communicate with each other in real time without having to wait
for a message.
4. Image and video messaging:-Image and video messaging are when you take a pre-taken
picture or video message and send it to another person.
5. Video calling:-Video calls are a form of streaming computer communication that transfers
both video and sound so that you can talk to people naturally regardless of distance.
6. Forum posting:-Forums are websites dedicated to text communication between multiple
people.
7. Newsgroup use:-Newsgroups are discussion groups similar to forums that you can subscribe
to using your email address. Usually related to a specific subject, you can share posts and
multimedia messages with other members of the group.
8. Social media use:-Social media is a type of mixed communication that allows you to interact
with other people in your social network. People can connect to each other and share messages,
news and multimedia content on their personal pages.

Q5. Use computer in science, research and engineering

Science:-Computers play a vital role in the field of science and technology. They are used in
various fields such as weather forecasting, space research, medicine, etc. They help us to store,
process and retrieve large amounts of data quickly and easily. In the field of weather forecasting,
computers are used to collect data from various sources and then process it to provide accurate
predictions. They are also used to create models of weather patterns and study the impact of
different factors on the weather. Space research is another area where computers are used
extensively. They are used to store and process data related to space exploration. They are also
used to control spacecraft and satellites. Computers are also used in medicine. They help in
diagnosis and treatment of diseases. They are also used in medical research. Thus, we can see
that computers play a very important role in science and technology.
Research Center:- A computer has become an important and crucial part of every type of
research it helps the research in identifying the relevant sources of information through the
internet. In addition, the computer assists in maintaining record of data and processing. It can
perform various complex tasks, such as creating charts, preparing tables and executing difficult
calculations with accuracy in less time.
There are various software package, such as Bio- medical package (BMDP), S-PLUS statistical
programming language), statistical analysis system (SAS) and statistical for the social sciences
(SPSS) that help a researcher in performing different statistical operations in an efficient manner.
Engineering:-The impact of computer application in industrial and engineering field has both
positive and negative side. Whereas engineering field can be defined as scientific field too.
Computers plays big major roles in this field to build things to solve the problem. In today's era,
many engineers rely on computer software to ensure the accuracy of their work. Today, engineers
rely on the computer to perform most of the steps they need to perform. This is because they can
create products, design products, modify products and edit the product as they like on the same
computer without using any paper. In addition, engineers can view and sketch their products
using the 3D system. This is also known as CAD or digital design.

Q6. How are computer useful in the field of education.

EDUCATIONAL FIELD: Role of computers in education has been given a lot of importance in
the recent years. Computer technology eases the process of learning. Many programs are
available for students to learn the subjects of Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology, etc.
Multimedia software makes the process of learning interactive and interesting. It combines text,
graphics, sound and video for effective learning. Internet has enormous information on a wide
variety of subjects. Students can refer to Internet to find information on any topic. Nowadays
computers with multimedia projectors are being used in classrooms for effective teaching. All the
activities related to examinations are also being controlled using computers. Therefore, computer
plays an important role in education. Today, computer education is a part of curricula from
elementary to university level.

Q7. Discuss the use of computer in entertainment.

ENTERTAINMENT FIELD: Computers are also providing variety of choices for
entertainment like:
(a) Games: online games in which players from different parts of the world can participate
simultaneously.
(b) Movies:3D graphical software has given a new look to movies in which different comic
characters can act with human actors in cartoon movies. Animated films bring a big change in
movies industries.
Photo, sound and video editor software not only help artists and singers to produce extraordinary
creations but also inexperienced people can enjoy their productivity with ease of use.
(c) Music: Different software are developed to compose and listen music e.g Media player .
(d) Drawings and Paintings: Paint Brush (R.I.P in 2017), Photoshop and other graphic software
are used in making drawings and paintings.

Q8. Discuss the use of computer in business.

Business:- People use computer to automate the process of distribution, marketing, and
manufacturing in businesses. A computer helps speed up the business operations and produce
advanced, quality output. It also enables businesses to communicate and transact with their
customers more conveniently and easily.It is not only the online businesses that benefit in using
computers, but the brick-and-mortar businesses as well. It does not matter what kind of business
you are running, as computers are useful for all.
1. Business Communication:-The computer plays a vital role in business communication. In the
olden days, communication of your business was done by sending letters. But nowadays we can
communicate our business from one location. At present time there are many mediums through
which we can manage our business. Email, chat, video conferencing, advertising, and websites
through which we can easily do business communication. Computer contributes to all the
business growth happening today.
2. Inventory Management:-Inventory Management is the key to any company that is
successfully managed from a computer. Before the computer, any inventory was noted on paper,
which was a difficult task for humans with the help of a computer, you can easily manage
inventory like how many articles are in, and out, and how many presents are in stock. If your
inventory is accurate that can increase the production speed of your business.
3. Customer Relationship Management:-CRM is one of the Applications of Computers in
business via you can easily manage your customer information. CRM plays a vital role for any
large organization. In a real environment, CRM is a huge contribution to any business.
4. Employee Management System:-As a result o`f computerization, a large number of
employees in any business are easily managed. Much more software is available for payroll
management systems via which you can easily manage employee information. With the help of
employee management software, you can get the information of an employee like the date of
joining, name and address of the employee, salary details, attendance details, pending leave, etc.
5. Easy for Employee Hiring:-Everyone wants to have an experienced and well-qualified
employee, with help of a computer, you can do online employee hiring and get an offer from
them. The employee also can apply for a job with the help of a computer from any location.
6. Sales Analysis:-Sales play an important role in business and also decide the growth of the
company. With the help of a computer, you can do your sales analysis. You can calculate how
much sales happened in this financial, how much is an expense, and how far are behind and
ahead of last financial year.
7. Production Planning:-With the help of the application of computers in business can also be
production planning. You can decide how long your order was pending and how much stock
have available, If you have a shortage of stock then you can manage it accordingly.
8. Media and Advertisement:-Media and advertisement have an important role in any business.
The computer plays an important role in media and advertising, through which you promote your
business. whether they are noticed on boards or in online advertising, every advert via any media
is fully done with a computer.
9. Data Management System:-computer plays a vital role in the data management system of a
full organization where you can store in digital format.
10. Finance and Controlling:-The contribution of finance and controlling of computers is
commendable because nowadays you cannot manage with hardcopy format. With the help of a
computer, you can manage your accounting sheet, asset, cash flow, expense, accounts payable,
accounts receivable, capital, cash flow, etc.

Q9. State four points to show that E-Commerce is advantageous in modern business.
E-commerce is the buying and selling of goods or services via the internet, and the transfer of
money and data to complete the sales. It’s also known as electronic commerce or internet
commerce. E-commerce allows a customer to place an order via online stores, websites, or social
channels. After the customer places an order, the order details are relayed to a central backend
system – an e-commerce platform, which facilitates or performs several tasks
B2C – Businesses sell to individual consumers (end-users). The most common model with many
variations.
B2B – Businesses sell to other businesses. Often the buyer resells products to the consumer.
C2B – Consumers sell to businesses. C2B businesses allow customers to sell to other companies.
C2C – Consumers sell to other consumers. Businesses create online marketplaces that connect
consumers.
B2G – Businesses sell to governments or government agencies.
C2G – Consumers sell to governments or government agencies.
G2B – Governments or government agencies sell to businesses.
G2C - Governments or government agencies sell to consumers.
Advantages of E-Commerce
Global Marketing Reach:-Unlike a physical store that limits a business to its geographical area,
an e-commerce website allows you to reach customers anywhere. Once customers can place
orders online and you can ship a product to their location or provide a service, there’s no limit to
your reach.
Lower Operating Costs:- Building an e-commerce website and maintaining it is cheaper than
running a brick-and-mortar store. You won’t need to rent retail space or a warehouse or worry
about building maintenance or property insurance. Plus, advertising online is cheaper, especially
with organic blog posts and social media that can drive traffic to your site.
Convenience and Flexibility:-E-commerce websites provide flexibility for their owners and
customers. You can offer a wide selection of products while customers make round-the-clock
purchases, regardless of their time zone or location. And as a business owner, you can earn even
while sleeping.
Easier Management:-Customer segmentation and other marketing and sales processes are
easier for an e-commerce business. For instance, access to customer data (search and purchase
history) combined with artificial intelligence (AI) will give you insight into your target market
and help you streamline your marketing strategies, which increases your revenue.
Convenience:- E-commerce can occur 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Although E-
Commerce may take a lot of work, it is still possible to generate sales as you sleep or earn
revenue while you are away from your store.

Q10. Define use of computer in agriculture

Agriculture:-The computer is very useful in farming because it has replaced the human beings
with machinery, a computer system that integrates information about crops, soils, water, weather,
and farm management practices.
Exactness Agriculture: We use GPS and other advanced technologies to exact map and monitor
crop fields and it allows farmers to improve irrigation and fertilization.
Crop Prediction:- To predict plant health and yield they are using computer simulation and after
knowing this information farmers can make the right decision about planting and harvesting.
Livestock or Animal Farming: To monitor the health, behavior location of animals, food
consumption, and well-being they are using sensors and other advanced technologies. After
getting this facility farmers can optimize feeding and breeding etc.
Weather Monitoring: There are computer models to predict and monitor weather patterns. By
which farmers can plan and respond to changes in climate.
Agricultural Marketing: By using e-commerce and digital platforms, farmers and consumers
can connect directly. These are being used to accomplish the agricultural supply chains more
capable and transpicuous. Agricultural marketing plays an important role in connecting farmers
and consumers.
Green House Management: There are computer systems by which farmers can monitor and
control the situation in the greenhouse. Example: Temperature, Humidity, and optimizing plant
health.
Disease or Pests Control: -There are computer systems by which farmers can track the
expansion of pests and diseases in crops. And also make strategies to control them.Satellite and
aerial imagery are used to collect information about plant health and humidity etc, that can help
farmers make more efficient decisions.
Automatic Machinery Farming: There is computer-controlling farming machinery that is used
to automate works such as planting, spraying, harvesting, etc. It can reduce labor costs and also
farming will become more profitable.

Q11. Computer uses in government sectors, training, Arts, Health care and medicine,
Hospital and robotics?
Government Sectors:-Like businesses, state and federal government offices use computers.
Government employees must set up meetings and distribute various reports. Computers help
these workers expedite these tasks. Computer uses in government offices also include various e-
mail functions, payment distribution, record keeping and even coordinating mailings.
Government offices that have computers usually have some type of email system in place.
Emails enable government workers to compose, send or read emails from other workers and
people outside the company. Some government agencies or offices might use computers to
produce various direct-mail advertising campaigns. To keep track of tax payments, forms filed by
individuals and corporations, people entering and leaving the country, and the status of
government contracts. They also gather statistical information in such areas as society, education,
the environment, commerce, and the economy. Computers have taken the place of sending agents
and collecting documents, because the coordination and examination of information
electronically is thousands of times faster and cheaper.
Training:-Many organizations use computer-based training to train their employees, to save
money and improve performance. Video conferencing through computers allows saving of time
and travelling costs by being able to connect people in various locations.
Arts:-Computers are extensively used in dance, photography, arts and culture. The fluid
movement of dance can be shown live via animation. Photos can be digitized using computers.
Health Care and medicine:-The delivery of health care facilities has been one of the notable
areas in which computer applications have proved most beneficial to mankind. The computer is
used to conduct fast and accurate laboratory tests for blood, urine, stool and so on. The computer
is used in the diagnosis and physiological monitoring of patients life during surgical operation
and intensive care program. There is also a wide range of application packages for the scientific
preparation and administration of drugs, x-ray techniques, blood bank management and so on.
An equally important application of the computer is the computer simulation provided in the
training of medical and paramedical staff and students. Computers are being used to perform
routine clerical functions in hospitals such as keeping records of hospital admission and
discharges, administration of drugs and prescriptions and other hospital administrative functions.
Furthermore, the computer is used to provide a data bank of medical history to meet the data
needs of health insurance schemes and vital health care statistical reports
Hospital
Monitoring the patients:-The computers even used for monitoring a patient. Hospitals attach
patients to machines that use necessary statistics monitoring software to record their pulse, blood
pressure, and oxygen levels. The monitoring computers are customized to notify the staff when
any of these statistics fluctuate from particular limits.
2. X-rays and CT (Computed Tomography) scanning:-Employs radiation to generate images
of a patient’s internal structure to monitor the injuries, deformities, illnesses, etc. X-rays
authorize complete scanning of the internal structure of the patient from one perspective.
Contrarily, CT scanning employs a computer to exert several X-ray images that are 2-D cross-
sections. After taking the single X-rays, medical professionals use computer programming to
merge them into a multi-dimensional image, which accurately reassembles the structure that is
internally damaged. Doctors then use this image to make an analysis.
3. Surgery:-If the doctor is absent during an emergency, medical professionals can employ
computerized robotics to conduct surgery on patients. Furthermore, they can observe safe and
accurate surgeries with the use of video networking and real-time monitoring tools, which allows
staff doctors and medical students to enhance their medical skills. Furthermore, these robotics
enable surgeons to perform surgery without physically being present at the site, allowing doctors
to save the lives of patients located miles away. Overall, computer-controlled surgeries have
become a valuable tool in the healthcare industry.
4. Spectroscopy:-Spectroscopy is a method used to examine a substance, such as a biopsy tissue
or suspected harmful substance. All substances absorb and reflect only certain types of
electromagnetic radiation. A computer analyzes the transmitted radiation to see if any particular
types of radiation are present or not. The computer matches the pattern of radiation to a database
of substances to identify the substance involved. This helps doctors quickly determine if any
foreign substance is present, and based on the results, they can proceed with appropriate
treatment.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):-Magnetic Resonance Imagining or MRI is the
technique of using powerful magnetic fields to draft the patient’s internal structure and activity.
The entire procedure and the output enables doctors to monitor the physical and operational
defects in patients without direct surgery. MRI is used for generating detailed images of soft
tissue in the body without using radiation. The bio-electrical activity in the scanned body part is
detected by the MRI machine. The method further presents a 3-D image of electrical action in the
scanned portion.
6. Computers in Medical Research:-Medical researchers use computing platforms to run
simulations and search for cures to diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, AIDS, etc. This
computerized software enables millions of networks to connect mutually, rapidly enhancing the
speed at which potential remedies can be discovered.
7. Maintain and secure Data Storage:-In the past, before the prominence of computers,
healthcare providers kept sensitive patient data in bulky, easily breakable closets. Nowadays,
computer technology enables medical experts to manage patients’ files and detailed data, which
are further secured with encryption systems. Computer systems even enable the organizations to
install the files off-site, for additional security and substitute purposes.
8. Diagnostic Databases:-Medicine involves a comprehensive field of science that is continually
growing. Computer databases enable doctors to store diagnostic information and make them
digitally accessible. This enables medical records from the former cases and scrutinized
documents to be promptly accessible to medical experts no matter whenever and wherever
they’re needed.
9. Internet Connectivity:-Doctors and researchers often use personal computers for real-time
consultations and independent evaluations. This reduces the time needed for the diagnosis
process, which can lead to better lab results or life-saving treatments. In addition, using small
computing devices like personal digital assistants (PDAs) or handheld smartphones allows
doctors to practice in remote areas where there is no internet connection.
10. Medical Practice Software Applications:-Computer software is used to track and project
virtually all aspects of medical practice. Patient files, profit and loss statements, and billing and
insurance forms are all handled using computer software that traces the office work of medical
practice and allows doctors more time to spend with their patients.
Robots: Robots are the machines that can be controlled by a computer and are capable of
carrying out a complex series of actions automatically. Robots can be controlled by an external
control device or through programming. Robotics deals with designing, creating and
programming of the robot and enhancing it by taking sensory feedback and processing
information. Robots are commonly used in manufacturing, industry, science, medicine and
education.

Q12. Define advantage and disadvantage of computer in people

1. Increased Productivity and Efficiency:-The most significant advantages of computers is the
boost in productivity and efficiency they provide. Whether it’s drafting documents, creating
spreadsheets, or managing databases, computers have streamlined our workflow and made us
more efficient in our work.
2. Access to Vast Information and Resources:-With just a few clicks, we can access a vast
amount of knowledge on any subject imaginable. The internet, powered by computers, has
become a treasure trove of information, with search engines like Google providing instant access
to billions of web pages.
3. Communication and Connectivity:-Computers have revolutionized the way we
communicate and stay connected with others. The advent of the internet and social media
platforms has made it easier than ever to connect with people across the globe. Whether it’s
through emails, instant messaging, or social networking sites, computers have made
communication faster, more convenient, and more accessible.
4.Enhancing Creativity and Innovation:-Computers have become a powerful tool for
enhancing creativity and fostering innovation. Whether you are a graphic designer, a musician, or
a writer, computers provide a software and tools that can bring your ideas to life.
5. Education and Learning Opportunities:-Computers have transformed the field of education,
providing students and educators with a wealth of learning opportunities. With computers,
students can access online learning platforms, educational websites, and digital libraries,
expanding their knowledge beyond the confines of traditional classrooms.
6.Entertainment and Leisure Activities:-Computers have become our go-to source of
entertainment and leisure activities. Whether it’s watching movies and TV shows, playing video
games, or exploring virtual worlds, computers offer a wide range of entertainment options that
diverse interests and preferences.
7.Globalization and E-commerce:-Computers have fueled the growth of e-commerce, enabling
businesses to reach customers worldwide, expanding market opportunities and consumer
choices.
Example: Online retail platforms connect buyers and sellers worldwide.

Disadvantages of Computer
1. Improper use:-Although computers were invented to ease the lives of humans, however, they
are now being used for just leisure purposes. Kids these days are glued to the screen playing
games or using social media platforms. This has created a negative impact on their lives.
2. Cybercrimes:-The Internet has now become a place for conducting cybercrimes. Stealing
personal information, selling illegal products on the dark web, and unauthorized access to the
bank accounts of people are some examples where computers are proving to be a curse.
3. Unemployment:-With everything being automated computers have replaced humans on a
large scale. This has created unemployment in the market.
4. Virus attacks and hacking:-Viruses are created by hackers to steal the personal information
of the user. These viruses can be found in pen drives, movie DVDs, or even mail. Such viruses
can also prove to be harmful to the computer and can cause a breakdown.
5.Impact on the Environment:-So many components are used in the making of a computer
most of which cannot be recycled. If the system breaks down or gets old it is thrown away. Such
activities create a negative impact on the environment.
6.Health issues:- With long sitting hours, staring blankly at the screens has harmed the health of
the people greatly. Spending long hours in front of the screen can cause redness in the eyes,
weakening of the eyesight, backache due to a wrong sitting posture, and various such problems.
Thus, long usage of computers should be avoided.
7.Loss of privacy:-With so much being shared online from banking information to pictures on
social media platforms, our lives are no longer restricted to just us. While this can be entertaining
but to the extent that it is not being invaded by online frauds, hackers, or stalkers.