Chapter-02 (INFORMATION NETWORKS)

Q1. What are the main reasons to develop a computer network? OR Define network.
Ans. Computer networking is connecting computers and other digital devices together to share
resources and exchange information. It involves the use of hardware and software technologies
that enable communication between computers and other devices, whether they are located in the
same location or are remote location. A computer network allows for the sharing of resources
such as printers, files, and data storage, as well as the ability to communicate with other
computers and access the internet. Networking also enables collaboration between individuals
and groups, and supports the transfer of data and information across a variety of platforms and
devices. There are several types of computer networks, including local area networks (LANs),
wide area networks (WANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wireless networks. Each
type of network has its own characteristics and benefits, and can be used in different settings
depending on the needs of the users.

Q2. Define LAN, MAN and WAN and their characteristics. OR Define WAN, Discuss its
main objectives. OR Define the benefits of LAN.
Local Area Network (LAN):LAN stands for Local-area Network. It is a computer network that
covers a small area such as within a building or campus of up to a few kilometers in size. LANs
are generally used to connect personal computers and workstations in company offices to share
common resources, like printers, and exchange information.
Example:- Networking between two computers. Networking in the home, school, library,
laboratory, college / university campus or office. Wi-Fi which is also known as wireless LAN.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):In MAN, computer network can spread across an entire
city, college campus, or a small region. It can cover the area of several miles and may include
multiple small networks or LANs. MANs offer very fast communication but they are expensive
to establish. Therefore, only large business organization or universities set up MAN. It also
requires security measures to prevent unauthorized access.
Example: Cable TV network, Telephone networks providing high speed DSL lines. IEEE 802. 16
or WiMAX, that provides high-speed broadband access with Internet connectivity to customer
premises.
Wide Area Network (WAN):A Wide Area Network is used for long distance transmission of
data. WAN helps to cover a larger geographical area and connect cities, provinces or even
countries. Using WAN technology, computers may be linked together in different countries using
satellites, microwaves or telecommunication links. Therefore, large business, research and
educational organizations situated at longer distances use WAN.A WAN may include multiple
MANs and LANS. WANs are set up with expensive devices and need some dedicated
connections.
Example: Internet is the example of WAN.
Features/characteristics/advantages/benefits of LAN:
1. The LAN has the advantage of high speed for data transfer.
2. File transfer and recovery are more manageable in a LAN network because backup files
are stored in a server.
3. It has no connection with the external system, which ensures privacy.
4. The LAN network is a private network, it doesn’t own by any government bodies.
 5. Unlimited data sharing via Wi-Fi, USB, and popularly shorter length ethernet cable,
between computers and printers; this reduces costs.
6. It is cheaper for each client to use the same software on the network instead of buying
separately licensed software.
7. All the data of users is saved on the server’s database, one should not worry about losing
the data and documents. Since there is a backup option to avoid such errors.
8. Local area network facilitates the sharing of a single Internet connection among all the
users who are connected with the LAN.
9. The network ranges from 1m to 1.5km.
Features/characteristics/advantages/benefits of LAN:
1. The network coverage of MAN is more massive than LAN but smaller than WAN.
2. It is bounded in large geographical areas such as a town, city.
3. The data transmission speed is moderate.
4. Its ownership can be public or private parties.
5. The network ranges from 5 to 60km.
6. MAN provides high-speed communication via fiber optic cable.
7. This provides a good backbone for large networks and gives WANs more access.
8. It serves many towns and cities and thus provides great inter-connectivity in large areas at
a low cost.
9. The dual bus used in MAN helps in the transmission of data in both directions
simultaneously.
Features/characteristics/advantages/benefits of LAN:
1. It is generally used for voice and data for mobile and landline phone applications.
2. A large number of people can communicate with one another in this single network.
3. The network range or coverage area of a WAN is more massive, from which we can
transfer the data across the world.
4. It covers a large geographic area so that long-distance businesses and companies are able
to connect on a single network.
5. Shares software and resources with connecting workstations.
6. Messages can be sent very fast to someone else on the system, the rate of transmission is
very high even if we send large-sized files of more than 10 MB.
7. All clients associated through WAN will stay in synchronization with each other
constantly, accordingly, there will be no odds of a correspondence hole between them

Q3. Define topology, describe the working of LAN topology with diagram and define their
advantages and disadvantages
Ans: Definition Of Topology: The physical layout in which computers are connected is called
topology. The topology of network describes the way computers are connected. Topology is a
major design consideration for computer networking.
Types Of Topology:
(i) BUS TOPOLOGY: In Bus Topology computers and other devices are connected with a single
cable. The central cable is the backbone of the network and every device communicates with the
other device through this bus. It transmits data only in one direction. When a sender sends a
message, all other computers receive it, but only the receiver accepts it (verifying the mac
address attached with the data frame) and others reject it. If a node fails, it will not affect other
nodes, but if the bus fails, the network will fail.
Advantage Or Merit of Bus Topology:
The advantages of Bus Topology are:
Simplicity
Cable required is least compared to other network topology.
Used in small networks.
It is cost effective i.e. low cost
It is easy to understand.
Easy expansion of the network i.e. easy to expand joining two cables together
Disadvantage Or Demerit of Bus Topology:
The disadvantage of the Bus Topology is that:
A breakdown in the bus cable brings the entire network down.
If network traffic is heavy or nodes are more the performance of the network decreases.
Cable has a limited length.
It is slower than the ring topology.

RING TOPOLOGY: In Ring Topology, computers are connected in a ring or circle shape. The
signal travels around the loop in one direction and passes through each computer. The recipient
of the message receives the message while another computer acts like a repeater to send it to the
next computer. If a node fails, the whole network will fail.
Advantage Or Merit of Ring Topology:
Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic or by adding more nodes, as only the nodes
having tokens can transmit data.
Cheap to install and expand.
Disadvantage Or Demerit of Ring Topology:
The failure of a link or a computer can make the entire network nonfunctional.
Troubleshooting is difficult in ring topology.
Adding or deleting the computers disturbs the network activity.

STAR TOPOLOGY: In a star topology, all the computers are individually connected to a central
device called hub or switch. To communicate with any computer, the sender must send
information to the hub or switch, then the hub/switch transmits that information to the
destination. Adding or removing devices to the network is simple and doesn’t disrupt the
network. If a node fails, it will not affect other nodes, but If the central hub, or switch fails, the
entire network computers will be disconnected from the network. Switch accepts the data
message from the sender. But it does not broadcast the data message after receiving the message,
first it itself checks the destination address and then send the message to the particular
destination. This kind of transmission is known as Uni-cast.
Advantage Or Merit of Star Topology:
The advantages of star topology are easy to set up and easy expansion of the network.
Another feature of Star Topology is that if one link to the hub breaks, only the station using that
link is affected not the whole network.
Fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic.
Hub can be upgraded easily.
Easy to troubleshoot.
Disadvantages Or Demerits of Star Topology:
Cost of installation is high.
Expensive to use.
If the hub fails then the whole network is stopped because all the nodes depend on the hub.
Performance is based on the hub that is it depends on its capacity

Q4. What are the LAN Models?

Ans. Workstations: Workstations are also called client computers. Workstations work as
subordinates to servers and send them requests to access printer, scanner, retrieve files that stored
in the server hard disks, and databases. Workstations are governed by server-defined policies.
Servers: Servers are defined as fast-processing devices that act as centralized repositories of
network files, programs, databases, and policies. Servers have huge storage space and memory
to deal with multiple requests, approaching simultaneously from various workstations. Servers
can perform many roles, such as mail server, database server, file server, and domain controller.
Peer to Peer:-The word peer denotes one who is equal in standing with another. A peer to peer
LAN is one in which all computers on the network communicate directly with one another
without relying on a server. Peer to peer networks is less expensive than client/server networks
and work effectively for up to 25 computers. Beyond that they slow down under heavy use. They
are thus appropriate for networking in small group.

Q5. What are the components of LAN? OR What are the functions of bridge, router and
gateway in data communication.
Ans: Component of a LAN: Computer, local area networks are made up of several standard
components.
Connection or Cabling System: LANs do not use the telephone networks instead, they use
some other cabling or connection system either wired or optic cable. Wired connections may be
twisted pair cable, coaxial cable or fiber optic cable. Wireless connections may be infrared, radio
wave transmission, Bluetooth or Wifi.
Micro Computers with Network Interface Card: Network cards also known as Network
Interface Cards (NICs) are hardware devices. They are installed on the mother board. Modern
motherboards have built-in NICs. It connect a computer with the network. They are responsible
for establishing a physical connection between the network and the computer. Computer data is
translated into electrical signals and sent to the network via Network Interface Cards.
Network Operating System: A network operating system connects multiple computers and
devices on network to allow sharing files and resources by connection and communication over a
network, It ensures that data flow properly between network devices. It manages user access to
ensures that authorized users can access network resources, it provides network security by
implementing authentication, encryption, and access control measures. It protects from
unauthorized access of data and threats. It also provide troubleshooting capabilities and acts like
network administrators, manages, update, and configure network devices, perform load
balancing on network and provides facilities of backup and recovery features to protect against
data loss.
Examples of popular network operating system software are Novell's Netware, Microsoft
Windows NT/2000, Unix and Linux.
Other Shared Devices: Printers, fax machines, scanners, storage devices and other peripherals
may be added to the network as necessary and shared by all users.
A router: A Router is a layer-3 network connecting device, it works on the physical, data-link
and network layer of the OSI model. Routers are a combination of hardware and software. A
Router is a device that connects two or more networks. The main function of a router is to
determine the optimal data path and transfer the information through that path using routing
table. A routing table lists all networks for which routes are known. Each router’s routing table is
unique and stored in the RAM of the device. A router can be used both in LANs (Local Area
Networks) and WANs (Wide Area Networks). Routers use the Internet Protocol (IP) to send IP
packets containing data and IP addresses of sending and destination devices located on separate
local area networks.
A bridge:- Bridges are connected between two LANs in which some devices are connected in
LAN A and LAN B. The bridge is basically used in a bus topology, and it takes all the connected
computers’ Mac addresses and stores them. It works to transfer data from one device to another
with the help of a bridge. The data is first passed to the bridge and also the MAC address is
scanned read and later decides where the data needs to be sent either LAN A or LAN B. it
broadcast the data to all the connected devices in that network.
A gateway is an interface that enables dissimilar networks to communicate, such as LAN with a
WAN or two LANs based on different topologies or network operating systems.
They basically works as the messenger agents that take data from one system, interpret it, and
transfer it to another system. Gateways are also called protocol converters and can operate at any
network layer. A gateway can translate information between different network data formats or
network architectures. It can translate TCP/IP to AppleTalk so computers supporting TCP/IP can
communicate with Apple brand computers.

Q6. What is internet define uses and abuses? and what are the main components of
internet?
Ans. Internet / Global Area Network (GAN):-Internet is a Global Area Network that connects
billions of computers across the world with each other. It uses standard internet protocol suite
(TCP/IP) to connect billions of computer users worldwide. It is set up by using cables such as
optical fibers and other wireless and networking technologies like LAN, WAN, and MAN, are
used to set up the internet. At present, internet is the fastest mean of sending or exchanging
information and data between computers across the world. It is believed that the internet was
developed by "Defense Advanced Projects Agency" (DARPA) department of the United States.
And, it was first connected in 1969. Internet is called a network as it creates a network by
connecting computers and servers across the world using routers, switches and telephone lines,
and other communication devices and channels.
However, it is indirectly connected to the internet through an Internet Service Provider (ISP) and
is identified by an IP address. The IP address is provided by your ISP.
When we turn on our computer and type a domain name in the browser search bar, our browser
sends a request to the DNS server to get the corresponding IP address. After getting the IP
address, the browser forwards the request to the respective server.
Advantages of the Internet/ Usage of Internet:
Instant Messaging: You can send messages or communicate to anyone using internet, such as
email, voice chat, video conferencing, etc.
Get directions: Using GPS technology, we can get directions to almost every place in a city,
country, etc. we can find restaurants, malls, or any other service near our location.
Online Shopping: It allows you to shop online such as we can buy clothes, shoes, book movie
tickets, railway tickets, flight tickets, and more.
Pay Bills: We can pay our bills online, such as electricity bills, gas bills, college fees, etc.
Online Banking: It allows you to use internet banking in which we can check our balance,
receive or transfer money, get a statement, request cheque-book, etc.
Online Selling: We can sell our products or services online. It helps us reach more customers
and thus increases our sales and profit.
Work from Home: In case we need to work from home, we can do it using a system with
internet access. Today, many companies allow their employees to work from home.
Entertainment: we can listen to online music, watch videos or movies, play online games.
Cloud computing: It enables you to connect your computers and internet-enabled devices to
cloud services such as cloud storage, cloud computing, etc.
Career building: We can search for jobs online on different job portals and send our CVs
through email if required.
Education, Online Jobs, Freelancing: Through the Internet, we are able to get more jobs via
online platforms like Linkedin and to reach more job providers. Freelancing on the other hand
has helped the youth to earn a side income and the best part is all this can be done via the
INTERNET.
GPS Tracking and google maps: Yet another advantage of the internet is that we are able to
find any road in any direction, and areas with less traffic with the help of GPS on your mobile.

Disadvantages of the Internet:-

Time wastage: Although, Internet has a lot of advantages, it also contains some limitations.
Time wasting is one of among them. It can decrease your productivity if you are spending too
much time on the Internet using social media apps while doing nothing. Rather than squandering
time, one should use that time to do something useful and even more productive.
Bad impacts on health: You can get health related issues if you spend too much time online;
your body needs outside activities, exercise, and many other things. If you look at the screen for
a long time, it causes negative effects on the eyes.
Cyber Crimes: These days, crimes including cyberbullying, spam, viruses, hacking, and data
theft are increasing day by day. Cybercriminals can quickly break into your system, which store
all of your private information.
Effects on children: The constant watching of videos and playing games on the Internet by
young children is bad for their social and overall personality development.
Bullying and spreading negativity: Social media applications have provided a free tool to all
those people who regularly attempt to spread negativity with really repulsive and humiliating
comments and try to bully each other, which is wrong and does bad impact on society.

Components of Internet:-
There are following component of internet.
1. URL (Uniform Resource Locator): URL is the unique address of any website on internet. There
are four parts of URL of any website.
For example
http://www.tripserves.com/hotels/goa.html
a.Protocol: It is used for fetch a website from server to user. In above example http is protocol.
The full form of http is Hyper Text Transfer Protocol and https is hyper text transfer protocol
secure.
b.Domain/Server: This is the name of website like google.com, facebook.com etc. In above
example www.tripserves.com is domain.
c.Directory Path: This is the name of any folder. We use / for it and it store different types for
files. In above example hotels are the file name.
d.File Name: It is store in directory. It can be html page or jpeg.
2. Client Server: These computers are special type’s computers which provide some serves is
called server like Google.
3. IP (Internet Protocol): IP is that process by which we send data from/to one computer to
another computer in Network. Relative to internet every computer has a unique address those
known as IP Address.
4. World Wide Web (www): This is global system which manages the different website on
internet. It is use for opening website on internet.
5. Hyper Text: It is special types of text by which we take the knowledge about other text. It is
used on different website.
6. Hyperlink: Hyper link is that link by which we can reach other website after clicking the hyper
link. By defaults hyper link has blue colour and underline below the link.

Internet Connection Protocols:-

TCP/IP Network Model: The most popular protocols for linking networks are Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). Any communication is split up into a number
of packets that are sent from source to destination.
File Transfer Protocol: With the help of FTP (File Transfer Protocol), a user can transfer
documents, text files, multimedia files, program files, etc., from one device to another.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol: It is used to move a hypertext between two or more computers or
other devices. Links can be made using HTML tags and can take the form of text or graphics.
Q7. What is global village?
Ans. The term "global village" means all parts of the world as they are being brought together by
the internet and other electronic communication interconnections. Global Village is a concept
that describes how the world has become interconnected and interdependent due to advances in
technology and communication. It suggests that the world is now like a small village, where
information, ideas, and cultures are rapidly shared and exchanged across borders.

Q8. Define Arpanet to the world wide web.

ARPANET: The story of the internet begins in the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET, a
network developed by the United States Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA). ARPANET was designed to facilitate communication between research
institutions and government agencies, allowing them to share resources and collaborate on
projects. It consisted of four nodes located at universities in the United States, forming the
foundation of what would later become the internet.
Development of TCP/IP:- One of the most significant developments in the evolution of the
internet was the creation of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in the
1970s. TCP/IP standardized communication protocols used by computers to connect to the
internet, enabling perfect communication and data exchange between different networks. This
laid the groundwork for the interconnected network of networks that we now know as the
internet.
Birth of the World Wide Web:- While ARPANET laid the technical groundwork for the
internet, it was the invention of the World Wide Web by British computer scientist in the late
1980s that truly developed how we interact with information online. Berners-Lee developed the
first web browser and web server software, along with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), which allowed users to navigate and access
information on the internet using hyperlinks.

Q9. How do we make the internet connection?

Ans. Connect Via An Information Service Gateway:- One way to gain access to the internet is
to subscribe to a commercial information service, such as American Online or Microsoft
Network (MSN). This method of connection is a popular choice for people working from their
home or small businesses and for those who wish to link their home PC to the Internet. AOL and
the other information services are themselves large self contained networks. Each provides an
electronic gateway to the Net.
Connect Via An Internet Service Provider:- In this method we make the connection via a
dialup connection through an Internet Service Provider. This type of connection gives us full
access to the internet. A dialup connection is a temporary connection established using a modem
to dialup the number (over a telephone line) for a line linked to a remote computer.
Direct Via Network Connection:- In this method direct connection to the internet is preferable
to a dialup link because these normally enable faster interaction with the internet. Our PC is
wired directly into the internet, via a local area network (LAN). The LAN is connected to an
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network).

Q10. What is E-Mail? Write its advantages and disadvantages.2013

Ans.E-Mail:-E-mail stands for Electronic Mail. The most commonly used feature of the
networks in the field of communication is e-mail. It is the transmission of messages from one
computer to another. Communication can take place between two to many users. It not only
sends the message in text format, but also we can add images, and documents in the form of
PDFs, videos, or other attachments.
In order to have successful communication, each user should have a unique email address. The e-
mail address may look something like this
[email protected]
The E-mail address has two part, the user name and the domain name. the user name who
receives the mail and the domain name is the computer system on which the user has an account.

Advantages of Email:
1. Emails are delivered extremely fast when compared to traditional post
2. Emails can be sent 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
3. Emails can be sent and received from any computer, anywhere in the world, that has an
Internet connection.
4. It is cheaper than traditional mail system.
5. Emails can be sent to one person or several people at once.
6. There is always a record of the exact conversation in an email until deleted.
7. People don't have to be present to receive the email.
8. Messages can be encrypted making it possible to send confidential information.
9. It is versatile. Messages, photos, videos etc can be sent easily and not need to pay extra
charge as in postal mail.
Disadvantages of Email:
1. The recipient needs access to the Internet to receive email.
2. Viruses are easily spread via email attachments.
3. Email is used for phishing. (sending an email to a user falsely claiming to be a legitimate
company to scam the user into providing information, such as personal information and
bank account numbers on a bogus website. The details will then be used for identity
theft.)
4. Minor mistake can deliver the email to wrong address.
5. No guarantee the mail will be read until the user logs on and checks their email.

Q11. Define World Wide Web.

World Wide Web (WWW):-World Wide Web, which is also known as a Web, is a collection of
websites or web pages stored in web servers and connected to local computers through the
internet. These websites contain text pages, digital images, audios, videos, etc. Users can access
the content of these sites from any part of the world over the internet using their devices such as
computers, laptops, cell phones, etc. The WWW, along with internet, enables the retrieval and
display of text and media to our device.
The building blocks of the Web are web pages which are formatted in HTML and connected by
links called "hypertext" or hyperlinks and accessed by HTTP. These links are electronic
connections that link related pieces of information so that users can access the desired
information quickly.

Q12. What is website address? Name any two websites.

Ans. A website address, also commonly known as a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), refers to
a location where a file, directory, or website page is hosted on the internet. Website addresses are
entered into a web browser’s address bar. An example of a web address would
be https://zyro.com/.
Parts of a web address
http://www.hostinger.com/blog/how-to-choose-domain-name.html
The protocol:- The protocols used for web addresses are either HTTP (Hypertext Transfer
Protocol) or HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure).A website address begins by defining
the used protocol. Its job is to help access and transport the information contained in web pages
from a web server to a browser. HTTPS is used for pages that have been made secure with the
use of an SSL (Secure Sockets Layer).
WWW:- The world wide web(WWW) is commonly known as web, the web is collection of
computers connected through a network to provide publicly accessible information.
The domain name (hostinger.com):- Domain names help identify a website on the internet. It is
a unique name pointing to a website’s location on the internet. A domain name has two parts: a
website name and a top-level domain (TLD). A TLD appears at the very end of a website
address, following a period. Common TLDs include .com, .net, .org, and many others. In this
case, hosting is the website name, and .com is the TLD.
The path (/blog/how-to-choose-domain-name/):- The part after the TLD is known as the path.
This is because it directs the browser to a specific page on the website.

Q13. How to get pages on other servers?

Ans. When we retrieve information from, say, a Gopher or FTP site through a web browser, the
character gopher or ftp will often replace http in the URL, depending on the particular interface
to be used. For example gopher//gopher.micro.umn.edu
URLs we would type into our browser to access, respectively, the university of Minnesota
Gopher site and Microsoft FTP site.

Q14. How we get information on the internet?

Ans. The information on the internet is out there, but getting to it is challenging and fun. We can
search for it or just roaming around the internet until we find it.
Searching and browsing the internet:- The internet has thousands of databases, such as the
universities records, clinical information, a list of jobs for the entire world, the music etc. there
are three ways to search the internet, search, browse, or ask someone.
Searching the Net:- It offers a variety of resource discovery tools, called search engines, to help
us to find the information or service we need. By keywords or phrase in the search engine we can
find our information.
Browsing the Net:- Web guides let us browse through menu trees of categories. Web guides
such s Yahoo.
Asking someone:- People on the Net are a family, ready to help those in need. We should not
hesitate to post an inquiry to the Net when we need help. The Net is full of FAQ (Frequently ask
questions) pages and files that we can view or download.

Q15. Define web browser.

Ans. A web browser is a software that enables users to access and view content on the World
Wide Web. Its primary function is to locate and retrieve web pages, images, videos, documents,
and other files from servers and display them on the user’s device. The famous web browsers are
Mozila Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera, internet explorer etc.
Example: When we type the website’s URL into the browser’s address bar and hit Enter,
browser sends a request is passed to a domain name servers (DNS). The domain name server
holds a list of system names and IP addresses. Thus it is converted into a number that determines
the computer to which the search results are to be displayed. All of these requests are routed via
several routers and switches and access to the server where the website’s files are stored. This
communication happens over protocols such as HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) or
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), which defines how text, images and video are transmitted
on the web. On receiving request, the server sends back the website’s files. These files are often
written in languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, browser’s job is to interpret this code and
render it into the web page we see.

Q16. Define the property of web browser.

Ans. The main properties of web browsers include:
1. Web Rendering Engine: The browser's core component responsible for HTML, CSS,
and JavaScript to display web pages.
2. User Interface: The visual elements of the browser such as the address bar, tabs, buttons,
and menus that allow users to interact with and navigate the web.
3. Performance: The speed and efficiency with which the browser loads and renders web
content, including factors like JavaScript execution, layout, and resource fetching.
4. Security: The browser's ability to protect users from threats like malware, phishing, and
privacy violations through features like sandboxing, content filtering, and certificate
validation.
5. Extensions / Plugins: The capability to extend browser functionality through add-ons
developed by third-party vendors or the browser vendor itself.
6. Cross-Platform Compatibility: The availability and consistency of the browser
experience across different operating systems and devices.
7. Privacy and Data Management: Options for controlling data collection, cookies, and
browsing history to protect user privacy.
8. Developer Tools: Debugging and inspection features to aid web developers in building
and troubleshooting websites and web applications.

Q17. Define the following terms?

(i) World Wide Web (WWW), (ii) Web Page, (iii) Website, (iv) Web Browser, (v) Uniform
Resource Locator (URL), (vi) Search Engine, (vii) Home Page, (viii) Web Hosting, (ix) Web
Server
Ans: Definition of Terms:
(i) World Wide Web (WWW):The word world wide web (www) is commonly known as the
web. The Web is a collection of computers connected through a network to provide publicly
accessible information.
(ii) Web Page: A webpage is a document commonly written in HTML that is accessible through
internet by using internet browser.
(iii) Website: A website is a collection of web pages containing text, images, and all types of
multimedia related to a specific set of information. A website can be accessed through a Uniform
Resource Locator (URL).
(iv) Web Browser: A web browser is a software application for accessing websites on the world
wide web. Example: Most common web browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google
Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Safari.
v) Uniform Resource Locator (URL):A Uniform Resource Locator, or URL is the address of a
specific location on the web. The Web site addresses you enter into the address bar of your
browser. e.g. (https://www.google.com. It includes the following components.
It contains various elements, including the network communication protocol, a subdomain,
a domain name, and its extension.
(vi) Search Engine: A search engine is a software program that helps people find the
information they are looking for online using keywords or phrases. When a user enters a search
term, the search engine looks at the website page titles, contents and keywords uses algorithms
(step-by-step operations) to produce a list of sites .Example: Most popular search engines are
Google, Yahoo, and Bing.
(vii) Home Page: A home page is the default or front page of a site. It is the first page that
visitors see when they load a URL.
(viii) Web Hosting: A web hosting is a digital storage space where your website files are present
or exist. A web host provides server space to store your website’s files, images and code. These
servers connect to the internet, allowing people to access your website by entering your domain
name into a browser.
(ix) Web Server: A web server is the computer that is responsible for serving a website and all
of its content including text and media to a user. A web server connects to the Internet and
supports physical data interchange with other devices connected to the web.