Please include the codes, and the plots formulas, analysis together with your answers to
support your answer. If you plot figures, explain what it means.
No team work, no copy paste answers from AI.
1) We have learned in class that the scaling laws can be applied to study random
formations. Scaling laws allow connecting one object's topological properties with random
walks. In this assignment, we will study if the scaling laws can be applied to the folded paper
(image below).
To do so, take one A3 paper and gently fold it such that it looks like a ball as in the above image
and report its radius. Repeat your experiment by cutting the page into two (forming A4) then half
the size to A3/2, A3/4, A3/8, and so forth.
To develop a Scaling Law, we measure, the average length of the paper, which we estimate
as where and are the dimensions of your paper and the radius of the
folded paper.
a) Take a picture of your objects and report.
b) Using the scaling law, find the scaling coefficient and exponent of your objects.
c) How does the size of the object grow (sub-linear, linear, or super-linear).
d) Compared to Geoffrey West's analysis of cities and biology what does this level of
growth mean?
e) Find the fractal dimensions of your object.
f) Estimate how many A3 paper is needed to create a paper ball when it folds forming a
ball of ?
2) Using the Geoffrey West Scaling analysis, estimate the number of heart beats per minute and
the amount of calories consumed per day for the following animals. Compare your answer with
the internet (give source of your info).
a) A cat with 6 kg weight
b) A shrew 2 gr
c) A male elephant 5 ton.
4) We discussed the Britain fractal dimension in class, find the fractal dimension of the UAE
using the following map and the approach we used in class. Show all your work and graphs
(following the lecture notes).
3) Fractals are the geometry of life. Lindenmayer systems are recursive formulas that generate
fractals. Using L-system grammar described in:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-system
Design three fractals using http://piratefsh.github.io/p5js-art/public/lsystems/. There will be a
competition, the first two will win an extra 10 points from their homework
4) Given that r is the box size and N(r) is the number of boxes filled by dots (r=1, N=1 the first
one on the left; r=½, N=3 the second one;.. etc) one can determine if the formed pattern is self-
similar using the fractal dimensions (slope of log(N(r)) versus Log (1/r) as r approaches to zero).
By plotting the ratio, check if this object is self-similar. Find the fractal dimension.
5) Using Hurst exponent analysis* for determining the fractal dimension, analyse Bitcoin and
NVDIA for the last 15 years.
*https://www.econ.kobe-u.ac.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/1637.pdf
What are the fractal dimensions of each?
6) Throughout this course, we have explored various aspects of randomness and stochasticity,
examining their role in natural phenomena, probability theory, and real-world applications. For
this assignment, you will write a two-page reflective essay discussing what you have learned,
how your understanding of randomness has evolved, and how these concepts apply to the
world around us. Your essay should address the following points:
Summarize the most important ideas about randomness and stochasticity covered in class.
Explain how this course has changed or refined your understanding of randomness. Were there
any misconceptions you had before? What surprised you the most?
Discuss what questions you have about the topic. What real-world applications have you been
envisioning in this topic?
