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Maze Prob

The maze problem involves finding a path in a grid-like structure using algorithms like Depth-First Search (DFS) and Breadth-First Search (BFS). The maze is represented as a 2D array where 0s are walls and 1s are paths, and the algorithms utilize recursion, stacks, or queues to explore the maze. A sample C program demonstrates the DFS approach to find a path from a starting point to a destination in the maze.

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9 views4 pages

Maze Prob

The maze problem involves finding a path in a grid-like structure using algorithms like Depth-First Search (DFS) and Breadth-First Search (BFS). The maze is represented as a 2D array where 0s are walls and 1s are paths, and the algorithms utilize recursion, stacks, or queues to explore the maze. A sample C program demonstrates the DFS approach to find a path from a starting point to a destination in the maze.

Uploaded by

kunalbajaj0911
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The maze problem in data structures, particularly using C, involves finding a path from a starting

point to a destination in a grid-like structure (maze) where some cells are blocked. Algorithms
like Depth-First Search (DFS) or Breadth-First Search (BFS) can be used to solve this, often
utilizing recursion and stacks. A common approach is to represent the maze as a 2D array
(matrix) where 0s represent walls and 1s represent traversable paths.

. Representing the Maze:

 2D Array: The maze is typically represented as a 2D array (matrix) where each cell
contains a value indicating whether it's a wall (0) or a path (1).

Algorithms for Solving the Maze:

 Depth-First Search (DFS):

 Recursion: DFS explores the maze by recursively visiting adjacent cells, marking
them as visited to avoid cycles.

 Stack (Optional): DFS can be implemented with a stack to keep track of visited
cells and paths, especially when backtracking is needed.

 Backtracking: If a dead end is reached, the algorithm backtracks to the previous


cell and tries a different path.

 Breadth-First Search (BFS):

 Queue: BFS uses a queue to explore the maze level by level, ensuring the
shortest path is found first.

 Efficiency: BFS is generally preferred when finding the shortest path is a primary
concern.

(-1, 0) - North

(-1, 1) - North-East

( 0, 1) - East

( 1, 1) - South-East

( 1, 0) - South
( 1, -1) - South-West

( 0, -1) - West

(-1, -1) - North-West

Maze problem Program:

#include <stdio.h>

#define ROW 5

#define COL 5

int maze[ROW][COL] = {

{1, 0, 1, 1, 1},

{1, 1, 1, 0, 1},

{0, 0, 1, 1, 1},

{1, 1, 0, 0, 1},

{1, 1, 1, 1, 1}

};

int visited[ROW][COL];

// Directions: N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW

int dRow[] = {-1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, -1};

int dCol[] = { 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1};

int isSafe(int row, int col) {

return (row >= 0 && col >= 0 && row < ROW && col < COL &&

maze[row][col] == 1 && visited[row][col] == 0);


}

int dfs(int row, int col, int endRow, int endCol) {

if (row == endRow && col == endCol) {

printf("(%d, %d)\n", row, col);

return 1;

visited[row][col] = 1;

for (int dir = 0; dir < 8; dir++) {

int newRow = row + dRow[dir];

int newCol = col + dCol[dir];

if (isSafe(newRow, newCol)) {

if (dfs(newRow, newCol, endRow, endCol)) {

printf("(%d, %d)\n", row, col); // Backtracking path

return 1;

return 0;

int main() {
int startRow = 0, startCol = 0;

int endRow = 4, endCol = 4;

printf("Path from start to end:\n");

if (!dfs(startRow, startCol, endRow, endCol)) {

printf("No path found!\n");

return 0;

Output:

(4, 4)

(3, 4)

(2, 4)

(2, 3)

(1, 2)

(1, 1)

(1, 0)

(0, 0)

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