Q4. What is a DataFrame?

Ans DataFrame is a 2D labeled heterogeneous,

data-mutable and size-mutable
array. The data in DataFrame is aligned in a tabular
fashion in rows and
columns therefore has both a row and column
labels
Q8. What is a data visualization?
Data visualization is the graphical representation
of information and data ie it
presents quantitative information in a graphical
form.
Q9. What is the importance of data visualization?
a. To make data easier to understand, process and
remember
b. To discover unknown facts, outliers, and trends
c. To visualize relationships and patterns quickly
d. To make better and meaningful decisions
Q10. Which library in Python is used for Data
Visualization?
Matplotlib
Q2. Which command is used to install pandas and
matplotlib modules in your sytem.
Ans. pip command
Q12. What is DDL and DML?
DDL (Data Definition Language): All the commands
which are used to create,
destroy, or restructure databases and tables come
under this category. Examples
of DDL commands are - CREATE, DROP, ALTER.
DML (Data Manipulation Language): All the
commands which are used to
manipulate data within tables come under this
category. Examples of DML
commands are - INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.
Q13. What is RDBMS?
RDBMS: A DBMS used to manage Relational
Databases is called an RDBMS
(Relational Data Base Management System). Some
popular RDBMS software
available are: Oracle, MySQL, Sybase, Ingress.
Q14. What is data inconsistency?
Data inconsistency occurs when same data present
in two different tables does not
match.
Q15. What is a relation?
Relation/Table: A table refers to a two-
dimensional representation of data
arranged in columns (also called fields or
attributes) and rows (also called records
or tuples).
Q16. What is cardinality and degree?
Cardinality: Total number of rows in a table is
called the cardinality of the table.
Arity/Degree: Total number of columns of a table
is called the Degree of the
table.
Q17. What is the difference between primary key,
candidate key and
alternate key?
Ans. Primary Key: The group of one or more
columns used to uniquely identify each
row of a relation is called its Primary Key.
Candidate Key: A column or a group of columns
which can be used as the
primary key of a relation is called a candidate key
because it is one of the candidates
available to be the primary key of the relation.
Alternate Key: A candidate key of a table which is
not made its primary key is
called its Alternate Key.
Q18. What is a foreign key?
Ans. Foreign key is a column in one table which is
the primary key of another table.
For eg. The column Deptno is the primary key of
dept table and the foreign key of
emp table.
Q20 Give a command to insert a new column into
a table? Ans. Alter table
Q 21 Give a command to delete a column from a
table? Ans. Alter table
Q22.Give a command to delete a row from a
table? Ans. Delete from
Q23.Give a command to insert a new row into a
table? Ans. Insert into
Q24. What is the difference between update and
alter command?
Ans. ALTER command is a Data Definition
Language Command. UPDATE command is
a Data Manipulation Language Command.
ALTER Command add, delete, modify the
attributes of the relations (tables) in the
database. UPDATE Command modifies one or
more records in the relations.
Q25.What happens when the drop table command
is executed?
All the records as well as the entire structure of
the table is deleted.
Q26.In SQL can MAX function be applied to date
and char type date? Yes
Q29.What is the purpose of group by clause?
Group by clause is used together with the SQL
SELECT statement to group the data
of the table based on certain type. It arranges
identical data into groups. It returns
only one single row for every grouped item.
Q30. What is the difference between where &
having?
WHERE is used to put a condition on individual
row of a table whereas HAVING
is used to put condition on individual group
formed by GROUP BY clause in a
SELECT statement.
Q31. What is the difference between a Single row
function and aggregate function?
Ans. Single row function: Single row function are
the ones that work on single row and
returs one output per row.
Example: ROUND(), MOD(), POWER(), LENGTH(),
RTRIM(), LTRIM(), SUBSTR(), INSTR(),
NOW(), MONTH(), MONTHNAME(), DAYNAME(),
DAY()
(Note: Please learn the use of each function for
VIVA)
Aggregate Functions/Multiple row functions:
These Functions work on group of rows and
return one result for each group. They are also
known as group functions.
Example: SUM(), COUNT(),COUNT(*), AVG(),MIN(),
MAX()
Q32. What is the difference between Primary Key
and Unique constraint?
Ans. A table can have only one Primary Key, but
more than one column can have a unique
constraint. Primary key does not allow a NULL
value, but unique key allows the NULL value.