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8th Lesson Introduction to Trigonometry Class 10
Important Questions with Solutions
10th Class Maths Introduction to Trigonometry 1 Mark
Important Questions
Question 1.
Find the value of θ in 2 cos 3θ = 1.
Solution:
Given 2 cos 3θ = 1
cos 3θ = 1

2
= cos 60°
3θ = 60° (∵ cos 60° = 1

2
)
θ= 60

3
= 20°

개정교과 고등내신 완벽대비

개정 교과서 중간기말 내신대비 자료 문제은행

Question 2.
Evaluate .
∘
sin 20
∘
cos 70

Solution:
∘ ∘ ∘
sin 20

cos 70
∘
= sin 20

cos(90 −20 )
∘ ∘
= sin 20

sin 20
∘
= 1 (∵ cos (90 – θ) = sin θ)
Question 3.
Prove that (1 – sin2θ) sec2θ = 1.
Solution:
LHS = (1 – sin2θ) sec2θ
= cos2θ.sec2θ (∵ 1 – sin2θ = cos2θ)
= (cos θ.sec θ)2 (∵ cos θ.sin θ = 1)
= 1 = RHS

Question 4.
Prove that cos2θ (1 + tan2θ) = 1.
Solution:
LHS = cos2θ (1 + tan2θ) (∵ 1 + tan2θ = sec2θ)
= cos2θ.sec2θ (cos θ × sec θ = 1)
= (cos θ.sec θ)2
= 12 = 1 = RHS
 개정교과 고등내신 완벽대비
개정 교과서 중간기말 내신대비 자료 문제은행

Question 5.
Prove that (1 – cos2A) cosec2A = 1.
Solution:
LHS = (1 – cos2A) cosec2A (∵ 1 – cos2A = sin2A)
= sin2 A.cosec2A
= (sin A.cosec A) = 12 = 1 (sin A.cosec A = 1)

Question 6.
Prove that (1 + cot2A) sin2A = 1
Solution:
LHS = (1 + cot2A) sin2A (∵ 1 + cot2A = cosec2 A)
= cosec2A.sin2A
= (cosec A.sin A)2 = 12 = 1 (∵ cosec A.sin A = 1)

바람의나라 다람쥐를 뿌려라

그리웠던 그 순간 다시 느껴 보기 바람
Question 7.
What is the value of sin2θ + 1
2
.
1+tan θ

Solution:
sin2θ + 1
2
1+tan θ

We know 1 + tan2θ = sec2θ

= sin2θ + sec
1
2
θ
[∴ 1

sec θ
= cosθ]
= sin2θ + cos2θ
=1
Therefore, sin2θ + 1
2
=1
1+tan θ

Question 8.
∘

=
2
1−tan 30
2
1+tan 30

Solution:

Question 9.
If tanθ = then =
5 sin θ+cos θ

2 sin θ−cos θ

Solution:

Question 10.
If cosA = 4

5
then find the value of tan A.
Solution:
cosA = 4

5
−−−−−−
BC = √52 − 42

−−−−−−
BC = √25 − 16 = √9 = 3
tanA = 3

4
.

Question 11.
(1 – cos2A) =
Solution:
(1 – cos2A) = sin2A

Question 12.
2 2
(sec θ−1) cos θ
If sinθ = 3

4
, then sin θ
=
Solution:
Question 13.
If cot θ = 1
find the value of sec2θ + cosec2θ.
√3

Solution:
cotθ = 1

√3

cotθ = cot 60°

θ = 60°
sec2θ + cosec2θ = sec260° + cosec260°
= (2)2 + ( 2
)2
√3

=4+ 4

3
= 16

3
= 5 13

Question 14.
Given that secθ = √2, find the value of .
1+tan θ

sin θ

Solution:
secθ = √2
cosθ = 1
= cos 45° ⇒ θ = 45°
√2
∘

= =
1+tan θ 1+tan 45 1+1
∘
1
sin θ sin 45
√2

= 2
1
= 2√2
√2

Question 15.
If θ is an acute angle and tanθ + cotθ = 2, then find the value of sin3θ +
cos3θ.
Solution:
tanθ + cotθ = 2
1 + 1 = 2, θ = 45°
sin3θ + cos3θ = sin345° + cos345°
=( 1
)3 + ( 1
)3
√2 √2

= 1
+ 1

2√2 2√2

= 2
= 1

2√2 √2

sin3θ + cos3θ =
√2

Question 16.
If acotθ + bcosecθ = p and bcotθ + acosecθ = q, then p2 – q2 =
Solution:
p2 = (acotθ + bcosecθ)2
= a2cot2θ + 2abcotθ cosecθ + b2cosec2θ
q2 = (bcotθ + acosecθ)2
= b2cot2θ + 2abcotθ cosecθ
+ a2cosec2θ
p2 – q2 = a2cot2θ + 2ab cotθ cosecθ + b2 cosec2θ
– (b2cot2θ + a2 cosec2θ + 2ab cotq cosecθ)
= cot2θ (a2 – b2) + cosec2θ (b2 – a2)
= cot2θ (a2 – b2) + cosec2θ (b2 – a2)
= cosec2θ (b2 – a) – cot(b2 – a2) [∵ cosec2θ – cot2θ = 1 ]
= b2 – a2 (1)
= b2 – a 2

Question 17.
The value of (sin2θ + 1
2
)=
1+tan θ

Solution:
sin2θ + 1
2
= sin2θ + 1
2
1+tan θ sec θ

2 2
sin θ + cos θ
=1

Question 18.
The value of (1 + tan2θ) (1 – sinθ) (1 + sinθ) = ……………
Solution:
(1 + tan2θ) (1 – sinθ) (1 + sinθ)
= sec2θ (1 – sin2θ)
sec2θ × cos2θ = 1
2
.cos2θ = 1.
cos θ

Question 19.
If sinA + sin2A = 1, then find the value of the expression (cos2A + cos4A).
Solution:
sinA + sin2A = 1
sinA = 1 – sin2A
sinA = cos2A
cos2A + cos4A = cos2A + (cos2A)2
= cos2A + sin2A = 1.

Question 20.
8cot2θ – 8cosec2A =
Solution:
8 cot2A – 8 cosec2A
= 8 (cot2A – cosec2A)
= 8 (-1) – (∵ cosec2θ – cot2θ = 1)
= -8

Question 21.
Find the value of (tan2 45° – cos2 60°).
Solution:
tan2 45° – cos2 60°
= 12 – ( 12 )2 = 1 – 1

4
= 3

Question 22.
In a right-angled triangle PQR, ∠Q = 90°. If ∠P = 45°, then find the value of
tanP – cos2R.
Solution:
∠R = 180° – 90° – 45°
∠R = 45°
tanP – cos2R = tan 45 – cos2 (45°)
=1( 1
)2 = 1 – 1

2
= 1

2
√2

Question 23.
If tanθ = 2

3
, then find the value of secθ.
Solution:

tanθ = 2

3
−−−−−−
AC = √22 + 32
−−−− −−
AC = √4 + 9 = √13
secθ =
√13

Question 24.
If sinA = 1

2
, then find the value of secA.
Solution:
sinA = 1

sin A = sin 30°

A = 30°
∴ sec 30° = 2

√3

Question 25.
What is the value of
cos 1° . cos 2° cos 3°. cos 4°…… cos 90° ?
Solution:
cos1° cos 2° cos 3°… cos 90°
= cos1° cos 2° cos 3°… 0 = 0.

Question 26.
Find the value of 2 sin2 30° + 3 tan2 60°- cos2 45°.
Solution:
2 sin2 30 + 3 tan2 60° – cos2 45°
= 2( 12 )2 + 3(√3)2 – ( 1
)2
√2

=2× 1

4
+3×3– 1

= 1

2
+9– 1

=9

Question 27.
In, ΔABC, right angled at C, if tan A = 8

7
, then find the value of cot B.

Solution:
cot B = 1

tan A

cot B = 8

Question 28.
Write the value of cot2 θ – 1
2
.
sin θ

Solution:
cot2 θ – 1
2
sin θ

= cot θ – cosec2 θ
2

= -(cosec2 θ – cot2 θ) = -1.

Question 29.
sinA = 8/17 then the value of cosA cosecA = ………………. .
Solution:

−−−−−−−
AC = √172 − 8
2

−−−−−−
AC = √289– 64
−−−
AC = √225 = 15
cosA . cosecA = 18

17
× 17

15
= 8

15

Question 30.
If cosec A + cotA = 1

3
then cosecA – cotA = ……………
Solution:
cosec A + cot A = 1/3
cosec2A – cot2A = 1
(cosec A + cotA) (cosec A – cot A) = 1
1/3 (cosec A – cot A) = 1
cosec A – cot A = 3

Question 31.
sin 2A = 1

2
tan2 45° then find the value of A.
Solution:
sin2A = 1

2
tan245°
sin2A = 1

2
(1)2
sin2A = 1

sin2A = sin30°
2A = 30°
A = 15°.

Question 32.
If sinθ = 0.8 then find the value of cosθ.
Solution:

sinθ = 0.8 = 8

10
= 4

5
−−−−−−
x= √52 − 42
−−−−−
x = √25– 16 = √9 = 3
∴ cosθ = 3

Question 33.
How much value of the angle ‘θ’ in the figure ?
Answer:
30°

Question 34.
Observe the following:
(I) sin220° + sin270° = 1
(II) log2 (sin 90° = 1
Which one is CORRECT?
Answer:
(I) only

Question 35.
In the figure find tan x.
Answer:
15

Question 36.
From the figure, find sin C.
Answer:

Question 37.
Statement (A): sin2 67° + cos2 67° = 1
Statement (B): For any value of θ, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
i) Both A and B are true
ii) A is true, B is false
iii) A is false, B is true
iv) Both A and B are false.
Answer:
i) Both A and B are true

Question 38.
Statement (A) : sin 47° = cos 43°.
Statement (B): sin θ = cos(90 + θ),
where θ is an acute angle.
i) Both A and B are true
ii) A is true, B is false
iii) A is false, B is true
iv) Both A and B are false, (ii)
Answer:
ii) A is true, B is false

Question 39.
In ΔABC, ∠B = 90°, AB = 3 cm and BC = 4 cm, then match the column.

A) sin C i) 3/5

B) tan A ii) 4/5

 C) cos C iii) 5/3

D) sec A iv) 4/3

Answer:
A – (i), B – (iv), C – (ii), D – (iii)

A) sin C i) 3/5

B) tan A iv) 4/3

C) cos C iii) 5/3

D) sec A iv) 4/3

Question 40.
Match the following.

A) tan (90 – A) i) sin 2A

2

B) ii) cos2A . sin2A

1−tan A
2
1+tan A

C) cos (90 – A) iii) sin A

D) 2 tan A
2
iv) cot A
1+tan A

Answer:
A – (iv), B – (ii), C – (iii), D – (i)

A) tan (90 – A) iv) cot A

2

B) ii) cos2A . sin2A

1−tan A
2
1+tan A

C) cos (90 – A) iii) sin A

D) 2 tan A
2
i) sin 2A
1+tan A

Question 41.
Match the following.

A) i) cosec A + cot A
cos A 1+sin A
+
1+sin A cos A

B) ii) 2sec A
cos A−sin A+1

cos A+sin A−1

−−−−−
C) √ 1−sin A iii) sec A + tan A
1+sin A

D)
2

iv)
sin A 1+sec A

1−cos A sec A
Answer:
A – (ii), B – (i), C – (iii), D – (iv)

A) cos A

1+sin A
+
1+sin A

cos A
ii) 2sec A

B) i) cosec A + cot A
cos A−sin A+1

cos A+sin A−1

−−−−−
C) √ 1−sin A iii) sec A + tan A
1+sin A

D)
2

iv)
sin A 1+sec A

1−cos A sec A

Question 42.
If sin θ = 7

25
, then

A) cos θ i) 24/25

B) cosec θ ii) 7/24

C) tan θ iii) 25/7

D) sec θ iv) 25/24

Answer:
A – (i), B – (iii), C – (ii), D – (iv)

A) cos θ i) 24/25

B) cosec θ iii) 25/7

C) tan θ ii) 7/24

D) sec θ iv) 25/24

Question 43.
Match the following.

A) sin2 37° + sin2 53° + sin2 90° i) 0

B) tan 35°.tan 45°.tan 55° ii) 3

∘ ∘ ∘ ∘

C) iii) 1
sec 72 ⋅sin 18 +tan 72 ⋅cot 18
∘
cos 60

D) tan 60°/tan 30° iv) 2

E) sin2 30° + cos2 30° – sin2 60°- cos2 60° v) 4

Answer:
A – (iv), B – (iii), C – (v), D – (ii), E – (i)

A) sin2 37° + sin2 53° + sin2 90° iv) 2

B) tan 35°.tan 45°.tan 55° iii) 1

∘ ∘ ∘ ∘

C) v) 4
sec 72 ⋅sin 18 +tan 72 ⋅cot 18
∘
cos 60

D) tan 60°/tan 30° ii) 3

E) sin2 30° + cos2 30° – sin2 60°- cos2 60° i) 0

Question 44.
If x = 2019°, then what is the value of sin2 x + cos2 x ?
Solution:
If x = 2019°, then
sin2x + cos2x = sin22019° + cos22019°
= 1 [v sin2θ + cos2θ = 1]

Question 45.
If x is in first quadrant and sin x = cos x, then what is the value of x?
Sol.
Given, sin x = cos x
We know, sin (90°- θ) = cos θ
So, cos x = sin(90° – x)
⇒ sin x = sin(90° – x)
[note : If sin A = sin B, then A = B]
⇒ x = 90° – x
⇒ 2x = 90°
∴ x = 45°

Question 46.
tan θ =
2
√1−sin
A)
θ

sin θ

B) 1

sec θ

C) sin θ
2
√1−sin θ

D) 1

√1+cot2 θ

Answer:
C) sin θ
2
√1−sin θ

Question 47.
If sin θ = cos θ, then the value of sin 2θ = _________
Answer:
2 sin2θ

Question 48.
Assertion : tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° ……………… tan 89° = 1
Reasoning : In ΔABC if A + B = 90°, then tan A = cot B.
A) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
C) A is true but R is false
D) A is false but R is true
Answer:
A) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.

Question 49.
Which of the following is not true ?
(A) sin (90° – θ) = cosec θ
(B) sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
(C) cosec θ. sin θ = 1
(D) sin 90° = 1
Answer:
A) sin (90° – θ) = cosec θ

Question 50.
Match the following :

A) tan θ = i) cos θ

sin θ

−−−−−−−−
B) cot θ = ii) √1 + cot2 θ
−−−−−−−−
C) cosec θ = iii) √sec2 θ − 1

a) A → (i), B → (ii), C → (iii)

b) A → (ii), B → (iii), C → (i)
c) A → (iii), B → (i), C → (ii)
d) A → (ii), B → (i), C (iii)
Answer:
c) A → (iii), B → (i), C → (ii)

−−−−−−−−
A) tan θ = iii) √sec2 θ − 1

B) cot θ = i) cos θ

sin θ

−−−−−−−−
C) cosec θ = ii) √1 + cot2 θ

Question 51.
Write the relation between cos θ and sec θ.
Answer:
sec θ = 1

cos θ
Question 52.
Value of cot2 θ – cosec2 θ is _________
Answer:
cot2 θ – cosec2 θ = -1

Question 53.
Match the following :

√1−cos2 θ
P) i) sec θ
cos θ

q) tan θ cosec θ cot θ ii) cosec θ

r) cosec (90° – θ) iii) tan θ

A) p → i, q → iii, r → ii
B) p → iii, q → ii, r → i
C) p → ii, q → i, r → iii
D) p → iii, q → i, r → ii
Answer:
B) p → iii, q → ii, r → i

√1−cos2 θ
P) iii) tan θ
cos θ

q) tan θ cosec θ cot θ ii) cosec θ

r) cosec (90° – θ) i) sec θ

Question 54.
Match the following :

P) sin θ i) 1

sec θ

−−−−−−−−
Q) cos θ ii) √sec2 θ − 1
−−−−−−
iii) √
2

R) tan θ
sec θ−1
2
sec θ

Choose the correct answer.

A) P → (i), Q (ii), R → (iii)
B) P → (iii) Q → (i), R → (ii)
C) P → (iii), Q → (ii), R → (i)
D) P → (i), Q → (iii), R → (ii)
Answer:
B) P → (iii) Q → (i), R → (ii)

−−− −−−
iii) √
2

P) sin θ
sec θ−1
2
sec θ
 Q) cos θ i) 1

sec θ

−−−−−−−−
R) tan θ ii) √sec2 θ − 1

10th Class Maths Introduction to Trigonometry 2 Marks

Important Questions
Question 1.
Find the value of x of 2 sin 3x = √3.
Solution:
Given 2 sin 3x = √3
sin 3x = = sin 60°
√3

3x = 60° (∵ sin 60° = )

√3

x= 60

3
= 20°

Question 2.
Find θ, if sin (θ + 36) = cos θ where θ + 36 is an acute angle.
Solution:
Given sin (θ + 36) = cos θ
sin (θ + 36) = sin (90 – θ)
θ + 36 = 90 – θ
θ + θ = 90 – 36 = 54
20 = 54
θ= = 27°
√54

∴ θ = 27°

Question 3.
−−−−−
Prove that , √ 1+sin θ = sec θ – tan θ.
1−sin θ

Solution:
−−−−−
LHS = √ 1+sin θ
1−sin θ

= sec θ – tan θ = RHS

Question 4.
Prove that cot4A – 1 = cosec4A – 2 cosec2A.
LHS = cot4A – 1
= (cot2A)2 – 1
We know cot2A = cosec2A – 1
cot2A – 1 = (cosec2A – 1)2 – 1
= (cosec2A)2 – 2cosec2A + 1 – 1
= cosec4A – 2cosec2A = RHS

Question 5.
Prove that sin4A – cos4A = 2sin2A – 1 = 1 – 2cos2A.
Solution:
LHS = sin4A – cos4A
= (sin2A)2 – (cos2A)2
= (sin2A – cos2A) (sin2A + cos2A)
= sin2A – cos2A (∵ sin2A + cos2A = 1)
= sin2A – (1 – sin2A) (∵ cos2A = 1 – sin2)
= sin2A – 1 + sin2A
= 2sin2A – 1 = RHS
= 2(1 – cos2A) – 1 (∵ sin2A= 1 – cos2A)
= 2 – 2cos2A – 1
= 1 – 2cos2A = RHS

Question 6.
Prove that tan2θ.cos2θ = 1 – cos2θ.
Solution:
LHS = tan2θ.cos2θ (∵ tanθ = sin θ

cos θ
)
= .cos2θ sin2θ cos2θ
2
sin

cos
2
θ

θ
(∵ =1–
= sin2θ = 1 – cos2θ) = RHS

Question 7.
If tan θ = , find the value of
3 1−cos θ

4 1+cos θ

Solution:
Given tan θ = 3

4
, then cos θ = 4

5
Question 8.
If √3 tan θ = 3 sin θ, find the value of sin2θ – cos2θ.
Solution:
Given √3 tan θ = 3 sin θ
tan θ

sin θ
= 3

√3
sin θ

= ×
cos θ 3 √3

sin θ
√3 √3
1

sin θ

cos θ
× 1

sin θ
= √3
cos = 1

√3

sin2 θ – cos2 θ [∵ sin2 θ = 1 – cos2 θ]

= 1 – cos2 θ – cos2 θ
= 1 – 2cos2 θ
= 1 – 2( 1
)2
√3

= – = =
1 2 3−2 1

1 3 3 3

Therefore, sin2θ – cos2θ = 1

3
.

Question 9.
Find the area of quadrant of a circle whose circumference is 22 cm.
Solution:
Let radius = 4 cm
Circumference C = 2πr = 22 cm
=2× 22

7
× r = 22
r= 22×7

2×22
= 7

2
cm
Area of a quadrant = 1

4
πr2
= 1

4
× 22

7
× 7

2
× 7

Therefore, area of quadrant = 77

8
= 9.625 cm2

Question 10.
If a cosθ + bsinθ = m and asinθ – bcosθ = n then show that a2 + b2 = m2 +
n 2.
Solution:
acosθ + b sinθ = m
(a cosθ + b sinθ)2 = m2
a2 cos2θ + 2ab cosθ sinθ + b2 sin2θ = m2 …….. (1)
a sinθ – b cosθ = n
(asinθ – bcosθ)2 = n2
a2 sin20 – 2ab sin0 cos0 + b2 cos20 = n2 ……… (2)
(1) + (2) ⇒
a2 (cos2θ + sin2θ) + b2 (sin2θ + cos2θ) = m2 + n2
a2 (1) + b2 (1) = m2 + n2
a 2 + b2 = m 2 + n2 .

Question 11.
Prove that
−−−−−− −−−−−−
= 2cosec A.
sec A−1 sec A+1
√ + √
sec A+1 sec A−1

Solution:

= 2cosec A = RHS
∴ LHS = RHS.

Question 12.
Evaluate: sin2 60° + 2tan 45° – cos2 30°
Solution:
sin2 60° + 2 tan 45° – cos2 30
=( )2 + 2(1)2 – ( )2 = 2.
√3 √3

2 2

Question 13.
Find the value of 5
2
+ 1
2
– cot245° + 2sin2 90°
cot 30 sin 30

Solution:
5
2
+ 1
2
– cot245°+ 2sin2 90°
cot 30 sin 30
5
2
+
1

√3
2
– 12 + 2(1)2
(√3)
( )
2

= 5

3
+ 4

3
–1+2= 9

3
+ 1 = 4.

Question 14.
If sinθ = cosθ then prove that tan2θ + cot2θ – 2 = 0.
Solution:
Given sin θ = cos θ
θ is acute, θ = 45°
tan2θ + cot2θ – 2 = tan2 45° + cot2 45° – 2
= 12 + 12 – 2 = 2 – 2 = 0.
Question 15.
∘ ∘

Evaluate :
sin 30 +tan 45
∘ ∘
sec 30 +cot 45

Solution:

Question 16.
In a ΔADC, right angle at D, AC = 1.5 cm, DC = 3 cm; Find
i) tanθ,
ii) secθ + cosecθ.
Solution:

DC2 = AC2 + AD2

32 = (1.5)2 + AD2
9 = 2.25 + AD2
AD2 = 9 – 2.25 9
AD2 = 9 – 9

2
AD = 9(1 – 1

4
)
2
AD = 9(1 – 1

4
Question 17.
Find the value of x, if 2 sinx = √3.
Solution:
2 sinx = √3
sin x =
√3

sin x = sin 60°

∴ x = 60°

Question 18.
Evaluate
∘

(i) cos 76° – sin 14°, (ii) tan 73

cot 17
∘

Solution:
To find the values of the following :
i) cos 76° – sin 14°
We can write cos 76 as cos (90 – 14)
∴ cos 76 = cos (90 – 14) = sin 14
(∵ cos (90 – θ) = sin θ)
∴ cos 76° – sin 14°
= sin 14° – sin 14° = 0 ________ (1)

ii) =
∘
tan 73 tan(90−17)
∘
cot 17 cot 17
∘

= cot 17

cot 17
∘
= 1 (∵ tan (90 – θ) = cot θ)

Question 19.
Find the value of sin2 30° + cos2 60°.
Solution:
sin 30° = 1

2
, cos 60° = 1

sin2 30° + cos2 60° = ( 12 )2 + ( 12 )2

= 1

4
+ 1

4
= 2

4
= 1

∴ sin2 30° + cos2 60° = 1

Question 20.
If sin (A + B) = 1 and cos B = 1

2
, then find ∠A and ∠B. (0° < A + B ≤ 90°)
Solution:
sin (A + B) = 1
sin (A + B) = sin 90°
A + B = 90°
cos B = 1

cos B = cos 60°

∴ ∠B = 60°
∴ ∠A = 90° – 60° = 30°

Question 21.
Simplify cot2θ – 1
2
sin θ

Solution:
–
2
cos θ 1
2 2
sin θ sin θ
2
2 −(1−cos θ) 2

= = = = -1
cos θ−1 − sin θ
2 2 2
sin θ sin θ sin θ

Question 22.
Does sin θ = 5

3
exist for an acute angle θ? Give reason.
Solution:
Given ‘θ’ is acute ⇒ 0° < θ < 90°
So sin 0° = 0 and sin 90° = 1
So for 0° < θ < 90°,
sin θ value lies in between zero and one.
So sin θ value cannot be greater than 1.
So sinθ = 5

3
does not exist.

Question 23.
If sin x = 3

4
, then what is the value of cosec x ?
Solution:

If sin x = 3

cosec x = sin x
1
= 1
3
= 4

3
4

Question 24.
Among sin 90°, cos 90°, tan 90°, cot 90°, sec 90° and cosec 90°; which is/are
not defined ?
Solution:
sin 90° = 1
cos 90° = 0
tan 90° = not defined
cot 90° = 0
sec 90° = not defined
cosec 90° = 1
∴ tan 90°, sec 90° are not defined.

Question 25.
Express (sec2 x – 1) (cot2 x).
Solution:
(sec2 x – 1) (cot2 x)
= (tan2 x) (cot2 x) [∵ sec2A – tan2A = 1 sec2A – 1 = tan2 A]
=
2 2
sin

cos
2
x

x
⋅
cos
2
x
[∵ tan A = sin A

cos A
cot A = cos A

sin A
sin x

=1

Question 26.
From the below figure, AB = 5 cm and AC = 13 cm, then calculate BC.

Solution:
In ΔABC, AB2 + BC2 = AC2
⇒ 52 + BC2 = 132
⇒ 25 + BC2 – 169
⇒ BC2 = 169 – 25
⇒ BC2 = 144 ⇒ BC2 = (12)2
∴ BC = 12 cm

Question 27.
Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeores are sin0° and tan45°.
Solution:
sin0° = 0, tan 45° = 1
Sum of zeroes = 0 + 1 = 1
Product zeroes = 0 x 1 = 0
Quadratic polynomial = x2 – (sum of zeroes)x + product of zeroes
= x2 – (1)x + 0 = x2 – x

Question 28.
If tan θ = 3

4
then find sec θ.
Solution:

Question 29.
Show that tan2 θ – \(\frac{1}{\cos ^2 \theta}[latex] = -1
Solution:

* Method – II : tan2 θ – sec2 θ

= – (sec2 θ – tan2 θ) = – 1

* Method – III : tan2 θ – [latex]\frac{1}{\cos ^2 \theta}\)

=
2
sin
2
θ

θ
– 1
2
θ
cos cos
2 2

= – = -1
sin θ−1 sin θ−1
2 2
cos θ 1−sin θ

Question 30.
If tan θ = √3 (θ is acute angle) then find the value of 1 + cos θ.
Solution:
tan θ = √3 = tan 60 (∵ θ is acute)
⇒ θ = 60
⇒ 1 + cos θ = 1 + cos 60 = 1 + 1

2
= 3

∴ 1 + cos θ = 3

Question 31.
Evaluate: + .
∘ ∘
sin 58 tan 42
∘ ∘
cos 32 cot 48

Solution:
58°, 32° and 42°, 48° are complementary angles.
∘ ∘
sin 58

cos 32
∘ + tan 42

cot 48
∘

∘ ∘

= sin 58

cos(90−58)
∘ + tan 42

cot(90−42)
∘

∘ ∘

= sin 58

sin 58
∘
+ tan 42

tan 42
∘
=1+1=2

Question 32.
If sin A = 1
and cot B = 1, prove that sin (A + B) = 1, where A and B both
√2

are acute angles.

Solution:
sin A = 1
= sin 45° ⇒ A = 45°
√2

cot B = 1 = cot 45° ⇒ B = 45°

L.H.S sin (A + B) = sin(45° + 45°)
= sin 90°
= 1 = R.H.S
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S

Question 33.
Express cos θ in terms of tan θ.
Solution:
cos θ = 1

sec θ
= 1
.
√1+tan2 θ

Question 34.
If cos θ = 1
, then find the value of 4 + cot θ
√2

Solution:
cos θ = 1
cos 45 ⇒ θ = 45°
√2

4 + cot θ = 4 + cot 45° = 4 + 1 = 5.

Question 35.
Is it correct to say that
sin θ = cos (90 – θ) ? why ?
Solution:
Yes.
∵ sin θ = (sin θ = )
AB Opposite side

AC Hypotenuse

Question 36.
Find the value of tan 2A, if cos 3A = sin 45°.
Solution:
cos 3A = sin 45°
cos 3A = 1
= cos 45°
√2

3A = 45° (∵ sin 45° = 1

)
√2
∘

A= 45

3
= 15°
tan 2A = tan (2 × 15°) = tan 30° = 1

√3

Question 37.
In a right triangle ABC, right angled at ‘C’ in which AB = 13 cm, BC = 5 cm,
determine the value of cos2 B + sin2 A.
Solution:
We have, CosB = BC

AB
= 5

13
,
Sin A = BC

AB
= 5

13

Cos2B + Sin2 A
= 25

169
+ 25

169
= 25+25

169
= 50

169
.
Question 38.
Evaluate cosec 39° . sec 51° – tan 51°. cot 39°.
Solution:
sec A = cosec (90° – A)
sec 51° = cosec (90° – 51°) = cosec 39°
tan A = cot (90° – A)
tan 51° = cot (90° – 51°) = cot 39°
cosec 39° . sec 51° – tan 51° . cot 39°
= cosec 39°. cosec 39° – cot 39°. cot 39°
= cosec2 39° – cot2 39° (∵ cosec2 A – cot2 A = 1)
= 1.

Question 39.
Ravi says “the value of tan 0°.tan 1°. tan 2° ………. tan 89° is zero”. Do you
agree with Ravi ? Give reason.
Solution:
tan 0°.tan(90 – 89)°.tan(90 – 88)° ……….. tan89°
tan 0°. cot 89° cot 88° …………… tan 88°.tan 89°
tan 0° (cot 89°. tan 89°) (cot 88. tan 88°) …….. tan 45°
= tan 0°. 1.1 1 = 0.1 = 0 (∵ tan0° = 0)
Yes. I agree with Ravi Answer.

Question 40.
Prove that
4 tan2 45° – cosec2 30° + cos2 30° = 3

4
.
Solution:
4(1)2 – (2)2 + ( )2
√3

= 4(1) – 4 + 3

4
=4–4+ 3

4
= 3

Question 41.
Using the figure given of AABC, prove that sin2 0 + cos2 0 = 1.

Solution:
From given figure,
sin θ = AB

AC
and cos θ = BC

AC

LHS = sin2 θ + cos2 θ

AB 2 BC 2
= ( AC ) + ( AC )
2 2 2 2

= + =
AB BC AB +BC
2 2 2
AC AC AC

= [∵ AB2 + BC2 = AC2]

2
AC
2
AC

= 1 = RHS
Hence it is proved.
Question 42.
Express tan θ in terms of sin θ.
Solution:
tan θ = sin θ

cos θ

sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
cos2 θ = 1 – sin2θ
−−−−−−−−
cos θ = √1 − sin2 θ
∴ tan θ = sin θ

2
√1−sin θ

Question 43.
Solve the quadratic equation 2 sin2θ – 3 sinθ + 1 = 0,
where 0° < θ ≤ 90°.
Solution:
2 sin2θ – 3 sinθ + 1 = 0
where 0° < θ ≤ 90°
2 sin2θ – 2sin θ – sinθ + 1 = 0
2 sinθ (sin θ – 1) – 1(sinθ – 1) = 0
(2 sin θ – 1)(sinθ – 1) = 0

2 sin – θ = 1
sin θ = 1

sin θ = 1

2
= sin 30°
θ = 30°

sinθ – 1 = 0
sin θ = 1
sin θ = 1 = sin 90°
θ = 90°

Question 44.
Express ‘sin θ’ in terms of ‘tan θ’.
Solution:
10th Class Maths Introduction to Trigonometry 4 Marks
Important Questions
Question 1.
Find acute angles A and B, if sin (A + 2B) = and cos (A + 4B) = 0, A > B
√3

Solution:
Given sin (A + 2B) = and cos (A + 4B) = 0
√3

We know,
sin (A + 2B) = = sin 60°
√3

A + 2B = 60° → (1)
cos (A + 4B) = 0 = cos 90°
A + 4B = 90° → (2)

Put B = 15° in (1)

⇒ A + 2 (15°) = 60°
∴ A = 60° – 30° = 30°
Therefore, A = 30° and B = 15°

Question 2.
If A and B are acute angles such that tan A = 1

2
, tan B = 1

3
. Find the value of
.
tan A+tanB

1−tan A⋅tan B

Solution:
Given tan A = 1

2
, tan B = 1

6
× 6

5
=1
Therefore, tan A+tan B

1−tan A tan B
=1

Question 3.
If A = 30° and B = 60° verify that sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B and
what do you observe ?
Solution:
Given A = 30°, B = 60°
LHS = sin (A + B)
= sin (30° + 60°) = sin 90° = 1
RHS = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
= sin 30° cos 60° + cos 30° sin 60°
From the trigonometric ratio value table,
sin 30° = , cos 60° = , cos 30° = , sin 60° =
1 1 √3 √3

2 2 2 2

= .2 + . = + = =
1 1 √3 √3 1 3 1+3 4

2 2 2 4 4 4 4

So, LHS = RHS

From this we get,
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

Question 4.
If θ is an acute angle and sin θ = cos θ, find the value of 2 tan2θ + sin2θ – 1.
Given sin θ = cos θ
Divide by cos θ as both sides,
sin θ

cos θ
= cos θ

sin θ

tan θ = 1 = tan 45°

Therefore, θ = 45°
Then 2 tan2θ + sin2θ – 1
= 2 (tan 45°)2 + (sin 45°)2 – 1
= 2.12 + ( 1
)2 – 1
√3

=2+ 1

2
–1
= 4+1–2

2
= 5–2

2
= 3

∴ 2 tan2θ + sin2θ – 1 = 3

Question 5.
Prove that cos2θ + 1
2
= 1.
1+cot θ

Solution:
LHS = cos2θ + 1
2
1+cot θ

we have 1 + cot θ = cosec2θ 2

= cos2θ + 1
2
cosec θ

2 2
= cos θ + sin θ (∵ cosecθ
1
= sinθ)
= 1 = RHS (∵ cos2θ + sin2θ = 1)
2
Hence cos θ + 1
2
=1
1+cot θ

Question 6.
Prove that 1+sin θ
1
+ 1−sin θ
1
= 2 sec2θ
Solution:
LHS = 1+sin θ
1
+ 1−sin θ
1

=
1−sin θ+1+sin θ

(1+sin θ)(1−sin θ)

2. 1
2
(∵ 1 – sin2θ = cos2θ and 1

cos θ
= secθ)
1−sin θ

= 2. cos1 2
θ
= 2 sec2θ = RHS
Hence 1+sin θ
1
+ 1

1−sin θ
= 2 sec2θ
Question 7.
(1 + tan2θ) (1 + sin θ) (1 – sin θ) = 1.
Solution:
LHS = (1 + tan2θ) (1 + sin θ) (1 – sin θ)
= (1 + tan2θ) (1 – sin2θ)
We have,
1 + tan2θ = sec2θ, 1 – sin2θ = cos2θ
= sec2θ.cos2θ (∵ sec θ – cos θ = 1)
= (sec θ.cos θ)2 = 12 = 1 = RHS.
Hence, (1 + tan2θ) (1 + sin θ) (1 – sin θ) = 1.

Question 8.
Show that sin θ

1−cos θ
= cosec θ + cot θ.
Solution:

Question 9.
−−−−−
Prove that √ 1−cos θ = cosec θ + cot θ.
1+cos θ

Solution:
Question 10.
Prove that (cosec θ – cot θ)2 =
1−cos θ

1+cos θ

Solution:
LHS = (cosec θ – cot θ)2
= ( sin1 θ – cos θ

sin θ
) (∵ cosec θ = 1

sin θ
, cot = cos θ

sin θ
)

Question 11.
Prove that sec4θ – sec2θ = tan4θ + tan2θ.
Solution:
LHS = sec4θ – sec2θ = sec2θ (sec2θ – 1)
We know, sec2θ = 1 + tan2θ,
= (1 + tan2θ)(1 + tan2θ – 1)
= (1 + tan2θ) tan2θ
= tan2θ + tan4θ
= tan4θ + tan2θ = RHS
Hence, sec4θ – sec2θ = tan4θ + tan2θ

Question 12.
−−−−−−−−−−−−
Prove that √sec2 θ + cosec2 θ = tan θ + cot θ.
Solution:
−−−−−−−−−−−−
LHS = √sec2 θ + cosec2 θ
We have, sec2θ = 1 + tan2θ, cosec2θ = 1 + cot2θ
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
= √1 + tan2 θ + 1 + cot2 θ
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
= √2 + tan2 θ + cot2 θ
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
= √2 ⋅ tan θ ⋅ cot θ + tan2 θ + cot2 θ
−−−−−−−−−−−−
= √(tan θ + cot θ)2
= tan θ + cot θ = RHS
−−−−−−−−−−−−
Hence, √sec2 θ + cosec2 θ = tan θ + cot θ

Question 13.
Prove that sin4A + cos4A = 1 – 2 sin2A – cos2A.
Solution:
LHS = sin4A + cos4A
= (sin2A)2 + (cos2A)2 + 2 sin2A cos2A – 2 sin2A cos2A
= (sin2A + cos2A)2 – 2 sin2A cos2A
(∵ sin2A + cos2A = 1)
= 1 – 2 sin2A cos2A = RHS

Question 14.
Prove that sin6A + cos6A = 1 – 3 sin2A cos2A.
Solution:
LHS = sin6A + cos6A
= (sin2A)3 + (cos2A)3 [∵ a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 + b2 – 3ab)]
= (sin2A + cos2A) [(sin2A)2 + (cos2A)2 – sin2A.cos2A]
We have sin2A + cos2A = 1
= 1 [(sin2A)2 + (cos2A)2 + 2
sin2A.cos2A – 3sin2A.cos2A]
= (sin2A + cos2A)2 – 3.sin2A.cos2A
= (1)2 – 3 sin2A.cos2A
= 1 – 3 sin2A cos2A = RHS

Question 15.
3 3

Prove that sin θ + cos θ = 1.

sin θ+cos θ

sin θ+cos θ

Solution:

Question 16.
If sin θ + sin2θ = 1, then prove that cos2θ + cos4θ = 1.
Solution:
Given sin θ + sin2θ = 1
sin θ = 1 – sin2θ = cos4θ
LHS = cos2θ + cos2θ
= cos2θ + (cos2θ)2
= cos2θ + (sin θ)2
= cos2θ + sin2θ = 1 = RHS
Hence, cos2θ + cos4θ = 1.

Question 17.
Prove that =
2
1+sec θ sin θ

sec θ 1−cos θ
Solution:

Question 18.
Prove that = .
cot A−cos A cosecA−1

cot A+cos A cosecA+1

Solution:

Question 19.
If θ is an acute angle and sin θ = cos θ, find the value of 2 tan2θ + sin2θ – 1.
Solution:
Given sin θ = cos θ
sin θ

cos θ
=1
tan θ = 1 = tan 45°
∴ θ = 45°
Then 2 tan2θ + sin2θ – 1
= 2 tan245° + sin245° – 1
= 2(1)2 + ( 1
)2 – 1 = 2 + 1

2
–1
√2

1 1

2
(or) 3

∴ 2 tan2θ + sin2θ – 1 = 3

Question 20.
If θ = 30° then verify tan 2θ = 2 tan θ
2
.
1−tan θ

Solution:
Given θ = 30°
LHS = tan 2θ = tan (2.30°) = tan 60° = √3

Question 21.
Prove that sin A+cos A

sin A−cos A
= sin A−cos A

sin A+cos A
= 2
2
2
= 2
2

sin A−cos A 2 sin A−1

Solution:
=
sin A+cos A sin A−cos A

sin A−cos A sin A+cos A

2 2

=
(sin A+cos A) +(sin A−cos A)

(sin A−cos A)(sin A+cos A)

Question 22.
Prove that tan2θ + cot2θ + 2 = sec2θ.cosec2θ.
Solution:
LHS = tan2θ + cot2θ + 2
= tan2θ + cot2θ + 2.tan θ.cot θ
= (tan θ + cot θ)2
= ( cos
sin θ

θ
+
cos θ

sin θ
)2
)2
2 2

=(
sin θ+cos θ

sin θ⋅cos θ

= ( sin θ⋅cos
1

θ
)2 = 1
2
. cos1
2
θ
sin θ

2 2
= cosec θ.sec θ = RHS
LHS = RHS
Hence, tan2θ + cot2θ + 2 = cosec2θ.sec2θ

Question 23.
Prove that (1 + cot A – cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A) = 2.
Solution:
LHS = (1 + cot A – cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A)

Hence, (1 + cot A – cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A) = 2

Question 24.
If tan (A + B) = 1 and cos (A – B) = , 0° < A + B < 90, A > B then find
√3

values of A and B.
Solution:
tan (A + B) = 1 = tan 45°
∴ A + B = 45° ______ (1)
cos (A – B) = = cos 30°
√3

⇒ A – B = 30° _______ (2)

Solving the equation (1) and (2) we get

then A + B = 45
37.5 + B = 45
⇒ B = 45 – 37.5 = 7.5
So A = 37.5°, B = 7.5‘

Question 25.
2

If x = a sec θ and y = b tan θ, then prove that – = 1.

x
2 y

2 2
a b

Solution:
= sec θ, = tan θ
x y

a b

sec2 θ = tan2 θ = 1
( xa )2 – ( b )2 = 1 ⇒
2

– =1
2
y x y

2 2
a b

Question 26.
If A, B, C are interior angles of ΔABC, then show that
sin ( ) + cos ( ) = cos + sin
A+B A+B C C

2 2 2 2

Solution:
A + B + C = 180°
A + B = 180° – C
( A+B
2
) = 90° – C

sin ( A+B
2
) = sin(90° – C

2
) = cos C

2
…….. (1)
cos ( ) = cos(90° – ) = sin …….. (2)
A+B C C

2 2 2

(1) + (2)
= sin ( ) + cos ( ) = cos + sin
A+B A+B C C

2 2 2 2

Question 27.
−−−−−−− −−−−−−−
Prove that √ cosecA−1 – √ cosecA+1 = 2 cot A.
cosecA+1 cosecA−1

Solution:
−−−−−−− −−−−−−−
– √ cosecA+1
cosecA+1 cosecA−1
√
cosecA−1

=
cosecA+1−(cosecA−1)

√cosec2 A−1

=
cosecA+1−cosecA+1

cot A

= 2

cot A
= 2 tan A.

Question 28.
Find measure of the angles A and B, if cos (A – B) = and sin (A + B) =
√3

.
√3

Solution:
cos (A – B) = = cos 30°
√3

A – B = 30° ……………. (1)

sin (A + B) = = sin 60
√3

A + B = 60° ………… (2)

(1) + (2) :
A + B = 60
A – B = 30
2A = 90°
∴ A = 45°; B = 15°.

Question 29.
2 ∘ 2 ∘

Find the value

tan 60 +cot 30
2 ∘ 2 ∘
sin 30 +cos 60

Solution:

Question 30.
Prove that : 1
2
– cot2θ = 1
sin θ

Solution:
Given : 1
2
– cot2θ
sin θ

= – [∵ cot2θ = [∵ cot2
2 2
1 cos θ cos θ
2 2 2
sin θ sin θ sin θ
2

=
1−cos θ
2
sin θ

= = 1 [∵ sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 ⇒ sin2θ = 1 – cos2θ

2
sin θ
2
sin θ

∴ 1
2
– cot2θ
sin θ

Question 31.
If cosec(A + B) = 1 and cot (A – B) = √3 , 0° < A + B < 90°, A > B, then find
A and B.
Solution:
cosec (A + B) = 1 = cosec 90°
A + B = 90° ………….. (1)
cot (A – B) = √3 = cot 30°
A – B = 30° ……………. (2)
(1) + (2) ⇒
A + B = 90°
A – B = 30°
2A = 120°
⇒A=
∘
120

2
= 60°
A + B = 90°
60°+ B = 90°
B = 90° – 30° = 30°
∴ A = 60°, B = 30°.

Question 32.
Prove that
+ = 2 cosec θ
sin θ 1+cos θ

1+cos θ sin θ

Solution:

= Sinθ
2
= 2 Cosec θ = RHS
LHS = RHS. Hence proved

Question 33.
cos A = 12

13
, then, find sin A and 13 tan A.
Solution:
Given, cos A = 12

13

AC = AB + BC2
2 2

132 = 122 + x2
169 = 144 + x2
x2 = 25 ⇒ x = 5
sin A = 5

13

Question 34.
If A, B and C are interior angles of Δ ABC, then show that tan( ) = cos
B+C

2
A

2
.
Solution:
Given A, B and C are interior angles of right angled triangle ABC.
Then A + B + C = 180°
On dividing the above equation by 2 on both sides, we get
+ = 90°
A B+C

2 2

∴ = 90° –
B+C A

2 2

On taking tan ratio on both sides.

tan( ) = tan(90° – .
B+C A

2 2

∴ tan( B+C

2
) = cot A

2
[v tan (90 – θ) = cot θ]
Hence proved.

Question 35.
The sides of a right angle triangle PQR are PQ = 7cm, QR = 25 cm and ∠P =
90° respectively, then find sin Q + sin R.
Solution:
Given that ΔPQR is a right angled triangle and PQ = 7 cm, QR = 25 cm.

By Pythagoras theorem and

QR2 = PQ2 + PR2
∴ PR2 = QR2 – PQ2
= (25)2 – (7)2 = 625 – 49 = 576
−−−
∴ PR = √576 = 24 cm
Sin Q = = ; sin R = =
PR 1 PQ 7

RQ 2 RQ 25

∴ sinQ + sinR = 24

25
+ 7

25

= =
24+7 31

25 25

Question 36.
If tan θ = 5

12
, then find sec θ and cosec θ.
Solution:

Given tan θ = 5

12

tan θ = \frac{\text { Opposite side }}{\text { Adjacent side }}=\frac{5}{12}

Opposite side to angle θ is 5.
∴ BC = 5
Adjacent side to angle θ is 12.
∴ AC = 12
By Pythagoras theorem, in ΔABC
AB2 = AC2 + BC2
= (12)2 + (5)2 = 144 + 25 = 169
−−−
AB = √169 = 13 = Hypotenuse
cosec θ = AB

BC
= 13

12

sec AB

AC
= 13

12

Question 37.
Express the following in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles between 0°
and 45°.
i) sin 81° + tan 75°
ii) cos 65° + cot 75°
Solution:
i) sin 81° + tan 75°
= sin (90 – 9)° + tan (90 – 15)°
= cos 9° + cot 15°
{∵ sin (90 – θ) = cos θ ; tan (90 – θ) = cot θ]

ii) cos 65° + cot 75°

= cos (90 – 25)° + cot (90 – 15)°
= sin 25° + tan 15°
{∵ cos (90 – θ) = sin θ ; cot (90 – θ) = tan θ]

Question 38.
Show that tan θ

1−cot θ
+ cot θ

1−tan θ
= 1 + sec θ cosec θ
Solution:
= 1 + sec θ – cosec θ = RHS
∴ LHS = RHS.

Question 39.
3

Prove that = tan θ.

sin A−2 sin A
3
2 cos A−cos A

Solution:
3

LHS =
sin A−2 sin A
3
2 cos A−cos A

= tan A = RHS ∴ LHS = RHS.

10th Class Maths Introduction to Trigonometry 8 Marks

Important Questions
Question 1.
2 2

If sin θ = 12

13
, find the value of sin θ−cos

2 sin θ⋅cos θ
θ 1
2
.
tan θ

Solution:
Question 2.
Evaluate 2

3
(cos430° – sin445°) –
3(sin260° – sec245°) + 1

4
cot30°.
Solution:
From the trigonometric ratio value table,
cos 30° = , sin 45° =
√3 1

2 √2

sin 60° = , sec 45° = √2

√3

cot 30° = √3
= 2

3
(cos430° – sin445°) – 3 (sin260° – sec245°) + 1

4
cot230°
Question 3.
Prove that (sin θ + sec θ)2 + (cos θ + cosec θ)2 = (1 + sec θ.cose θ)2.
Solution:
LHS = (sin θ + sec θ)2 + (cos θ + cosec θ)2
= sin2θ + sec2θ + 2 sin θ.sec θ + cos2θ + cosec2θ + 2 cos θ.cosec θ

2 2 2 2

=1+ + 2( )
sin θ+cos θ sin θ+cos θ
2
cos
2
θ⋅sin θ cos θ⋅sin θ

=1+ 2
1
2
+ 2. cos θ⋅sin
1

θ
cos θ⋅sin θ

= 1 + sec2θ.cosec2θ + 2.sec θ.cosecθ

= (1 + sec θ.cosec θ)2 = RHS
Hence, (sin θ + sec θ)2 + (cos θ + cosec θ)2
= (1 + sec θ.cosec θ)2

Question 4.
Prove that 2 sec2θ – sec4θ – 2 cosec2θ + cosec4θ = cot4θ – tan4θ.
Solution:
LHS = 2 sec2θ – sec2θ – 2 cosec2θ + cosec4θ
We have, sec2θ – 1 = tan2θ,
cosec2θ – 1 = cot2θ
= (cosec4θ – 2 cosec2θ + 1) – (sec4θ – 2 sec2θ + 1)
= (cosec2θ – 1)2 – (sec2θ – 1)2
= (cot2θ)2 – (tan2θ)2
= cot4θ – tan4θ = RHS
Hence, 2 sec2θ – sec4θ – 2 cosec2θ + cosec4θ = cot4θ – tan4θ.

Question 5.
Prove that sin θ

cot θ+cosecθ
=2+ sin θ

cot θ−cosecθ
.
Solution:

Question 6.
Prove that (cosec θ – sin θ) (sec θ – cos θ) = 1

tan θ+cot θ
.
Solution:
LHS = (cosec θ – sin θ) (sec θ – cos θ)
Question 7.
tan A

1−cot A
+ cot A

1−tan A
= 1 + tan A + cot A = 1 + sec A cosec A.
Solution:

= 1 + tan A + cot A = 1 + sec A cosec A.

Question 8.
Prove that 2(sin6θ + cos6θ) – 3 (sin4θ + cos4θ) + 1 = 0
Solution:
LHS = 2(sin6θ + cos6θ) – 3 (sin4θ + cos4θ) + 1 = 0
= 2[sin2θ)3 + cos2θ)3] – 3 [sin2θ)2 + (cos2θ)2] + 1
We know, a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 + b2 – ab) and sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
= 2 (sin2θ + cos2θ) [(sin2θ)2 + (cos2θ)2 – sin2θ cos2θ] – 3 [(sin2θ)2 + cos2θ)2
+ 2 sin2θ
cos2θ – sin2θcos2θ] + 1

Question 9.
Prove that (sin8θ – cos8θ) = (sin2θ – cos2θ) (1 – 2 sin2θ cos2θ).
Solution:

Question 10.
−−−−− −−−−−
Prove that √ sec θ+1 + √ sec θ−1 = 2 sec θ.
sec θ−1 sec θ+1

Solution:
Question 11.
If sec θ = x + 1

4x
, then prove that sec θ + tan θ = 2x (or) 1

2x
.
Solution:
Given sec 0 = x + 1

4x

We know that, sec2θ – tan2θ = 1

tan2θ = sec2θ – 1
Question 12.
Evaluate 4 (sin430° + cos460°) – 2

3
(sin260° – cos245°) + 1

2
tan260°.
Solution:
Given 4 (sin430° + cos460°) – 2

3
(sin260° – cos245°) + 1

tan260°.
We know, sin 30° = 1

2
, cos 60° = 1

2
,
cos 45° = sin60° =
1 √3

√2 2

tan 60° = √3

Question 13.
Prove that
tan2A – tan2B =
2 2 2 2

= .
cos B−cos A sin A−sin B
2 2 2 2
cos B⋅cos A cos A⋅cos B

Solution:
LHS = tan2A – tan2B
=
2 2
sin A sin B
2
− 2
cos A cos B
Question 14.
Prove that (1 + tan A.tan B)2 + (tan A – tan B)2 = sec2A.sec2B.
Solution:
LHS = (1 + tan A.tan B)2 + (tan A – tan B)2
= 1 + 2tanA tanB + tan2A.tan2B + tan2A + tan2B – 2tanA tanB
= 1 + tan2A.tan2B + tan2A + tan2B
= (1 + tan2A) + (tan2B + tan2A.tan2B)
= (1 + tan2A) + tan2B (1 + tan2A)
= (1 + tan2A) (1 + tan2B) (1 + tan2θ = sec2θ)
= sec2A.sec2B = RHS
Hence, (1 + tan A.tan B)2 + (tan A – tan B)2 = sec2A.sec2B

Question 15.
Prove that cot2A ( 1+sin A ) + sec2A ( 1+sec A ) = 0.
sec A−1 sin A−1

Solution:
Question 16.
Prove that cos A

1−sin A
+ sin A

1−cos A
+1= sin A⋅cos A
.
(1−sin A)(1−cos A)

Solution:

Question 17.
If tan θ + sin θ = m and tan θ – sin θ = n
show that m2 – n2 =4.√mn .
−−
−

Given tan θ + sin θ = m

and tan θ – sin θ = n
[:(a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = 4ab]
LHS m2 – n2
=(tan θ + sin θ)2 – (tan θ – sin θ)2
= 4 tan θ. sin θ
−−
−
Now, RHS =4.√mn
Question 18.
If cos α

cos β
= m and cos α

sin β
= n show that (m2 + n2)cos2β = n2
Solution:
Given that cos α

cos β
= m and cos α

sin β
=n
LHS = (m2 + n2)cos2β = n2

Question 19.
+ ( 1+cos )2
sec θ−1 sin θ

sec θ+1 θ

Solution:
Question 20.
If cot θ = 9

12
, then find the value of sin θ+cos θ

sin θ−cos θ
+ sec θ+cosecθ

sec θ−cosecθ
.
Solution:
Given that cot θ = 9

12
=> tan θ = 12

Given that
Hence the given expression value is 14.

Question 21.
Prove that
(1 + tan2θ) + (1 + 1
2
)= 2
1
4
.
tan θ sin θ−sin θ

Solution:

(∵ 1 – sin2θ = cos2θ)
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S

Question 22.
If cos α

cos β
= m, cos α

sin β
= n, then show that (m2 + n2) cos2α = m2n2.
Solution:
Question 23.
2

If sec θ + tan θ = P, then prove that sin θ = P −1

2
.
P +1

Solution:
If sec θ + tan θ = P
Then sec θ – tan θ = 1

P
[∵ sec2 θ – tan2 θ = 1]

Question 24.
In an acute angled triangle ABC, if sin(A + B – C) = 1

2
and cos(B + C – A) =
1

2
, then find ∠A, ∠B and ∠C.
Solution:
sin(A + B – C) = 1

2
= sin 30°
⇒ A + B – C = 30° ……. (1)
cos(B + C – A) = 1

2
= cos 60°
⇒ B + C – A = 60° ……… (2)
On adding equations (1) and (2)

⇒B= 90

2
= 45°
Substituting the value of B in equation (2)
C – A = 60° – 45° = 15° ………….. (3)
B + C + A = 180°
(sum of angles of a triangle)
C + A= 180°-45° = 135° ………….. (4)
Now solving equations (3) and (4)

∠A = 135° – 75° = 60°

∴ ∠A = 60°, ∠B = 45°, ∠C = 75°

AP 10th Class Maths Chapter 8 Important Questions Introduction to

Trigonometry

Question 1.
If sin A = cos A, then find the value of A.
Solution:
If sin A = cos A
sin A

cos A
=
cos A

cos A
=1
⇒ tan A = 1 = tan 45° ⇒ A = 45°
(OR)
sin 45° = cos 45°
1 1
=
√2 √2

So, A = 45°

Question 2.
Find the value of x, if 2 sinx = √3
Solution:
2 sinx = √3
sin x =
√3

sin x = sin 60°

∴ x = 60°
Question 3.
Evaluate
(i) cos 76° – sin 14°,
∘

(ii) tan 73

cot 17
∘

Solution:
To find the values of the following :
i) cos 76° – sin 14°
We can write cos 76 as cos (90 – 14)
∴ cos 76 = cos (90 – 14) = sin 14
(∵ cos (90 – θ) = sin θ)
∴ cos 76° – sin 14°
= sin 14° – sin 14° = 0 ………… (1)

(ii) =
∘ tan(90−17)
tan 73
∘
cot 17 cot 17
∘

= cot 17

cot 17
∘ =1
(∵ tan (90 – θ) = cot θ

Question 4.
Find the value of tan245° + cot2 30°.
Solution:
tan2 45° + cot230°
= (1)2 + (√3)2
=1+3=4

Question 5.
Find the value of sin2 30° + cos2 60°.
sin 30° = 1

2
,cos 60° = 1

sin2 30° + cos2 60° = ( 12 )2 + ( 12 )2

= 1

4
+ 1

4
= 2

4
= 1

∴ sin2 30° + cos2 60° = 1

Question 6.
If sin (A + B) = 1 and cos B = 1

2
, then find ∠A and ∠B. (0° < A + B ≤ 90°)
Solution:
sin (A + B) = 1
sin (A + B) = sin 90°
A + B = 90°
cos B = 1

cos B – cos 60°

∴ ∠B = 60°
∴ ∠A = 90° – 60° = 30°

Question 7.
Simplify cot2θ – 1
2
sin θ

Solution:
Question 8.
Does sinθ 5

3
exist for an acute angle θ?
Give reason.
Solution:
Given ‘θ’ is acute => 0° < θ < 90°
So sin 0° = 0 and sin 90° = 1
So for 0° < θ < 90°,
sin θ value lies in between zero and one.
So sin θ value cannot be greater than 1.
So sinθ = 5

3
does not exist.

Question 9.
If sin x = 3

4
, then what is the value of cosec x?
Solution:
If sin x = 3

Question 10.
Among sin 90°, cos 90°, tan 90°, cot 90°, sec 90° and cosec 90°; which is/are
not defined ?
Solution:
sin 90° =1
cos 90° = 0
tan 90° = not defined
cot 90° = 0
sec 90° = not defined
cosec 90° = 1
∴ tan 90°, sec 90° are not defined.

Question 11.
Express (sec2 x – 1) (cot2 x).
Solution:
(sec2 x – 1) (cot2 x)
= (tan2 x) (cot2 x) [∵ sec2A – tan2A = 1 sec2 A – 1 = tan2 A]
= [∵ tan A = cot A = ]
2 2
sin x cos x sin A cos A
2
⋅ 2
cos x sin x cos A sin A

=1

Question 12.
Find ∠B, if tan (A – B) = and sinA = . Also find cos B. (A, B < 90°)
1 √3

√3 2

Solution:
tan (A – B) = 1

√3

∴ tan (A – B) = tan 30°

∴ A – B = 30°
sin A =
√3

sin A = sin 60°

∴ A = 60°
substituting A – B = 30°
60° – B = 30°
B = 30°

Question 13.
If tan A = 1
and tan B = √3 , then find sin A. cos B + cos A . sin B.
√3

(A, B < 90°).

Solution:
Given, tan A = 1
= and tan B = √3
√3

Given A, B < 90°

We know 1
= tan 30°
√3

so tan A = 1
= tan 30°
√3

⇒ A = 30° …………….. (1)

and tan B = √3 = tan 60°
⇒ B = 30° …………….. (2)
then
sin A cos B + cos A sin B
= sin 30° cos 60° + cos 30° sin 60°
Which can be written as
sin (A + B) = sin (30+60) = sin 90 = 1
∴ sin A cos B + cos A sin B = 1
(or)
sin 30 . cos 60 + cos 30 . sin 60
= = =1
1 1 √3 √3 1 3 4
⋅ + ⋅ + =
2 2 2 2 4 4 4

Question 14.
Prove that
tan2A – sin2A = tan2A . sin2A.
Solution:
tan2A – sin2A
= – sin2A
2
sin A
2
cos A

sin2A ( cos1 2
A
–1)
= sin2A (sec2A – 1)
= sin2A. tan2A

Question 15.
If cos A = 7

25
, then find sin A and cosec A. What do you observe?
Solution:
Given that cos A = 7/25
sin2 A = 1 – cos2 A

I observed that sin A . cosec A = 1.

Question 16.
If tan 2A = cot (A – 18°), where 2A is an acute angle. Find the value of A.
Solution:
tan 2A = cot(A – 18°)
= cot[90 – [90 – (A – 18°)]]
tan 2A = tan [90 – (A – 18°)]
2A = 90-(A – 18°) = 90 – A + 18°
⇒ 3A = 108°
∴ A = 36°

Question 17.
If 4 tan θ = 3, then find the value of sec θ and cosec θ.
Solution:
4 tan θ = 3 ⇒ tan θ = 3

−−−−−−−−− −− −−−−
AC = √BC = √4 =5
2 2 2 2
+ AB + 3

sec θ = 5

4
; cosec θ = 5

Question 18.
If tan 2A = cot (A – 27), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.
Solution:
Given that 2A is an acute angle.
We know if tan = α = cot β (α, β acute) then α + β = 90°
(∵ tan (90 – θ) = cot θ)
So from given
tan 2A = cot (A – 27)
⇒ 2A + A – 27 = 90
⇒ 2A + A = 90 + 27
⇒ 3 A = 117 ⇒ A = 117

3
= 39
∴ A = 39°

Question 19.
Prove that
−−−−−
= sec A + tan A
1+sin A
√
1−sin A

Solution:

Question 20.
Evaluate (sin x – cos x)2 + (sin x + cos x)2.
Solution:
(sin x – cos x)2 + (sin x + cos x)2
= sin2 x + cos2 x – 2 sin x cos x + sin2 x + cos2 x + 2 sin x cos x
= 2(sin2x + cos2x) = 2(1) = 2

Question 21.
cos A = 12

13
, then, find sin A and tan A
Solution:
Given, cos A = 12

13

AC2 = AB2 + BC2

132 = 122 + x22
169 = 144 + x2
x2 = 25 ⇒ x = 5
Question 22.
If 4 sin2 θ – 1 = 0 then find θ’ (θ < 90) also, find the value of θ and the value
of cos2 θ + tan2 θ
Solution:
Given 4 2 θ – 1 = 0 ⇒ 4 2 θ = 1
−
− −
−
2
θ= 1

4
⇒ sin θ = ± √ 1

4
= ±
1

Given θ is less than 90°

sin θ = 1

sin θ = sin30° ⇒ θ = 30°

cos θ = cos = 30°
√3

tan θ = tan 30° = 1

√3

cos2 θ + tan2 θ = cos2 30° + tan2 30°

=( )2 + ( )2
√3 1

2 √3

= = =
3 1 9+4 13
+
4 3 12 12

Question 23.
Prove that: (sin θ – cosec θ)2 + (cos θ – sec θ)2 = cot2 θ + tan2 θ – 1
Solution:
(sin θ – cosec θ)2 + (cos θ – sec θ)2
= sin2θ + cosec2θ – 2 sinθ . cosecθ . + cos2θ + sec2θ – 2 cosθ . sec θ
= (sin2θ + cos2θ) + cosec2θ + sec2θ – 2 – 2
= 1 + (1 + cot2θ) + (1 + tan2θ) – 2 – 2
= cot2θ + tan2θ + 3 – 4
= cot2θ + tan2θ – 1

Question 24.
2

If cosec θ + cot θ = p, show that = sec θ.

p +1

2
p −1

Solution:
cosec θ – cot θ = p
∴ cosec θ – cot θ = 1

p
……………….(1)
cosec θ + cot θ = p …………..(2)
(1) + (2), We get
 2

2 cosec θ = p + = …………..(3)
1 p +1

p p

cosec θ – cot θ = p
cosec θ – cot θ = 1

(1) – (2), We get

Hence proved.

Question 25.
Prove that (1 + tan2θ) + (1 + 1
2
)= 2
1
4
tan θ sin θ−sin θ

Solution:

Question 26.
2

If sec θ + tan θ = p, then prove that sin θ =

p −1

2
p +1

Solution:
sec θ + tan θ = p
sec2 θ – tan2 θ = 1
(sec θ + tan θ) (sec θ – tan θ) = 1
p. (sec θ – tan θ) = 1

Question 27.
If cot θ = 7

8
then,
Evaluate :
i)
(1+sin θ)(1−sin θ)

(1+cos θ)(1−cos θ)

ii)
1+cos θ

sin θ

Solution:
Question 28.
Show that
sec2 θ + cosec2 θ = sec2 θ . cosec2 θ.
Solution:
sec2 θ + cosec2 θ

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