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MATH 2020A Advanced Calculus II

2023-24 Term 1
Suggested Solution of Homework 10

Refer to Textbook: Thomas’ Calculus, Early Transcendentals, 13th Edition

Exercises 16.7

2. Use the surface integral in Stokes’ Theorem to calculate the circulation of the field F
around the curve C in the indicated direction.
F = 2yi + 3xj − z 2 k
C: The circle x2 + y 2 = 9 in the xy-plane, counterclockwise when viewed from above.

Solution. Note that

i j k
∂ ∂ ∂
∇×F= ∂x ∂y ∂z = 0i − 0j + (3 − 2)k = k,
2y 3x −z 2

and C is the boundary of the disk S := {(x, y, 0) : x2 + y 2 ≤ 9} with upward unit normal
n = k.
By Stokes’ Theorem, the circulation of the field F around the curve C is
I ZZ ZZ
F · dr = ∇ × F · n dσ = k · k dx dy = 9π.
C S {x2 +y 2 ≤9}

5. Use the surface integral in Stokes’ Theorem to calculate the circulation of the field F
around the curve C in the indicated direction.
F = (y 2 + z 2 )i + (x2 + y 2 )j + (x2 + y 2 )k
C: The square bounded by the lines x = ±1 and y = ±1 in the xy-plane, counterclockwise
when viewed from above.

Solution. Note that

i j k
∂ ∂ ∂
∇×F= ∂x ∂y ∂z = 2yi − (2x − 2z)j + (2x − 2y)k,
y2 + z2 x2 + y2 x2 + y2

and C is the boundary of the square S := {(x, y, 0) : |x| ≤ 1, |y| ≤ 1} with upward unit
normal n = k.
By Stokes’ Theorem, the circulation of the field F around the curve C is
I ZZ ZZ Z 1Z 1
F · dr = ∇ × F · n dσ = (2x − 2y) dx dy = (2x − 2y) dx dy = 0.
C S {|x|,|y|≤1} −1 −1

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8. Let n be the outer unit normal (normal away from the origin) of the parabolic shell

S: 4x2 + y + z 2 = 4, y ≥ 0,

and let    
1 1
F= −z + i + (tan−1 y)j + x + k.
2+x 4+z
Find the value of ZZ
∇ × F · n dσ.
S

Solution. Note that

i j k
∂ ∂ ∂
∇×F= ∂x ∂y ∂z = −2j.
−z + 1
2+x tan−1 y x+ 1
4+z

The surface S is a level surface given by

g(x, y, z) := 4x2 + y + z 2 = 4, y ≥ 0.
∂g
Then ∇g = 8xi + j + 2zk and ∂y = 1 6= 0. Hence, an outer unit normal vector of S is
∇g
n= |∇g| , and
|∇g|
dσ = dx dz = |∇g| dx dz
∂g
∂y

When y = 0, 4x2 + z 2 = 4. So the projected region on the xz-plane is Ω := {4x2 + z 2 ≤ 4}.

Therefore,
ZZ ZZ
1
∇ × F · n dσ = (−2j) · (8xi + j + 2zk) |∇g| dx dz
S |∇g|
Z ZΩ
= (−2) dx dz
Ω
= −2Area(Ω)
= −2π · 1 · 2 = −4π.

Remark: One may also evaluate the integral by Stokes’ Theorem but has to be careful
about the orientation of the boundary curve. A parametrization for the curve so that it is
oriented anti-clockwisely with respect to the outer normal of the surface is

r(θ) = (sin θ, 0, 2 cos θ), 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.

15. Use the surface integral in Stokes’ Theorem to calculate the flux of the curl of the field F
across the surface S in the direction of the outward unit normal n.
F = x2 yi + 2y 3 zj + 3zk
S: r(r, θ) = (r cos θ)i + (r sin θ)j + rk, 0 ≤ r ≤ 1, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.
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Solution. Note that

i j k
∂ ∂ ∂
∇×F= ∂x ∂y ∂z = −2y 3 i − 0j − x2 k = −2y 3 i − x2 k,
x2 y 2y 3 z 3z

and
i j k
rr × rθ = cos θ sin θ 1 = (−r cos θ)i − (r sin θ)j + rk.
−r sin θ r cos θ 0
Hence,
ZZ ZZ
The flux of ∇ × F across S = ∇ × F · n dσ = (∇ × F) · (rr × rθ ) dr dθ
S R
Z 2π Z 1
= (2r4 sin3 θ cos θ − r3 cos2 θ) dr dθ
0 0
Z 2π
1
= (− cos2 θ) dθ
0 4
π
=− .
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23. Let C be a simple closed curve in the plane 2x + 2y + z = 2, oriented as shown here.

Show that I
2y dx − 3z dy − x dz
C
depends only on the area of the region enclosed by C and not on the position or shape of
C

Solution. Let F = 2yi + 3zj − xk and g = 2x + 2y + z. Then

i j k
∂ ∂ ∂
∇×F= ∂x ∂y ∂z = −3i + j − 2k,
2y 3z −x
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and
∇g 1
n= = (2i + 2j + k)
|∇g| 3
is a normal vector of the plane such that C is oriented anti-clockwisely with respect to it.
By Stokes’ Theorem,
I I ZZ
2y dx − 3z dy − x dz = F · dr = ∇ × F dσ
C ZCZ S

= −2 dσ
SZ Z

= −2 dσ,
S
RR
where S dσ is the area of the region S enclosed by C on the plane 2x + 2y + z = 2. J

Exercises 16.8

6. Use the Divergence Theorem to find the outward flux of F across the boundary of the
region D.
F = x2 i + y 2 j + z 2 k

(a) Cube D: The cube cut from the first octant by the planes x = 1, y = 1, and z = 1
(b) Cube D: The cube bounded by the planesx = ±1, y = ±1, and z = ±1
(c) Cylindrical can D: The region cut from the solid cylinder x2 + y 2 ≤ 4 by the planes
z = 0 and z = 1.

Solution. Note that ∇ · F = 2x + 2y + 2z. By Divergence Theorem,

ZZ ZZZ
Flux = F · n dσ = ∇ · F dV.
∂D D
Z 1Z 1Z 1 Z 1Z 1Z 1
(a) Flux = (2x + 2y + 2z) dx dy dz = 6 x dx dy dz = 3.
0 0 0 0 0 0
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
(b) Flux = (2x + 2y + 2z) dx dy dz = 6 x dx dy dz = 0.
−1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1
(c) Using cylindrical coordinates,
Z 1 Z 2π Z 2 Z 1 Z 2π
16 16
Flux = (2r cos θ + 2r sin θ + 2z) rdr dθ dz = ( cos θ + sin θ +
0 Z0 0 0 0 3 3
1
4z) dθ dz = 8πz dz = 4π.
0

9. Use the Divergence Theorem to find the outward flux of F across the boundary of the
region D.
Portion of sphere F = x2 i − 2xyj + 3xzk
D: The region cut from the first octant by the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4.
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Solution. ∇ · F = 2x − 2x + 3x = 3x. By Divergence Theorem,

ZZZ Z π/2 Z π/2 Z 2
Flux = ∇ · F dV = (3ρ sin φ cos θ)(ρ2 sin φ) dρ dφ dθ
D 0 0 0
Z π/2 Z π/2 Z π/2
2
= 12 sin φ cos θ dφ dθ = 3π cos θ dθ = 3π.
0 0 0

11. Use the Divergence Theorem to find the outward flux of F across the boundary of the
region D.
Wedge F = 2xzi − xyj − z 2 k
D: The wedge cut from the first octant by the plane y + z = 4 and the elliptical cylinder
4x2 + y 2 = 16.

Solution. ∇ · F = 2z − x − 2z = −x. By Divergence Theorem,

√
ZZZ Z 2Z 16−4x2 Z 4−y
Flux = ∇ · F dV = −x dz dy dx
D 0 0 0
√
Z 2Z 16−4x2 Z 2 
1 2
p
2
= (xy − 4x) dy dx = x(16 − 4x ) − 4x 16 − 4x dx
0 0 0 2
 2
1 1 40
= 4x2 − x4 + (16 − 4x2 )3/2 =− .
2 3 0 3
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14. Use the Divergence Theorem to find the outward flux of F across the boundary of the
region D.
p
Thick sphere F = (xi + yj + zk)/ x2 + y 2 + z 2
D: The region 1 ≤ x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 4.
 
∂ρ ∂ρ x2
p x ∂ x 1 x 1
Solution. Let ρ = x2 + y 2 + z 2 . Then ∂x = ρ and ∂x ( ρ ) = ρ − ρ2 ∂x = ρ − ρ3
. By
3 x2 +y 2 +z 2
symmetry, ∇ · F = ρ − ρ3
= ρ2 . By Divergence Theorem,
ZZZ Z 2π Z π Z 2 
2
Flux = ∇ · F dV = (ρ2 sin φ) dρ dφ dθ
D 0 0 1 ρ
Z 2π Z π Z 2π
= 3 sin φ dφ dθ = 6 dθ = 12π.
0 0 0

17. (a) Show that the outward flux of the position vector field F = xi + yj + zk through a
smooth closed surface S is three times the volume of the region enclosed by the surface.
(b) Let n be the outward unit normal vector field on S. Show that it is not possible for
F to be orthogonal to n at every point of S.
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Solution. (a) Note that ∇ · F = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3. By Divergence Theorem,

ZZ ZZZ ZZZ
Flux = F · n dσ = ∇ · F dV = 3 dV,
S D D
RRR
where D dV is volume of the region enclosed by the surface S.
(b) If F is orthogonal to n at every point of S, then F · n = − everywhere, and hence
ZZ
Flux = F · n dσ = 0.
S

But Flux = 3× (volume of D) 6= 0, so F is not orthogonal to n at every point of S.

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