GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD COLLEGE FOR DEGREE COURSES (A) & P.G.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
RUSHIKONDA, VISAKHAPATANAM-530045 | WEBSITE:
www.gvpcdpgc.edu.in
(Approved by A.I.C.T.E | Affiliated to Andhra University)

DIY VENTILATOR USING ARDUINO

BY

S. RAM PRASAD(5221421083)
S. GUNAKAR(5221421082)
Y. HARIKRISHNA(5221421096)
T. HARSHITHA(5221421085)
II/IV ECE-B
TITLE: DIY VENTILATOR USING ARDUINO UNO

OJECTIVES:
 Develop a low-cost ventilator using readily available components.
 Monitor vital parameters such as blood oxygen levels and exhaled lung pressure.
 Provide adjustable breath length, breaths per minute (BPM), and inhalation-to-exhalation
ratio

Introduction:
Human lungs utilize the opposite pressure produced by the compression movement of the
stomach to suck in air for relaxing. An incongruous movement is utilized by a ventilator to
swell the lungs by siphoning type movement. A ventilator component should have the option
to convey inside the scope of 10 30 breaths each moment, with the adaptability to manage
rising augmentations in sets of two. along with this, the ventilator should have the ability to
manage the air volume drove into the lungs with every breath. Last however presently least is
that the setting to control the time length for inward breath to exhalation proportion. Aside
from this the ventilator should have the option to screen the patient's blood oxygen level and
breathed out lung strain to keep away from over/under gas tension at the same time. The
ventilator we here plan and foster utilizing Arduino envelops of these prerequisites to create a
solid yet reasonable DIY ventilator to aid seasons of pandemic. We here utilize a silicon
ventilator pack coupled driven by DC engines with 2 side push system to push the ventilator
sack. We utilize an electric switch for exchanging and a variable pot to direct the breath
length and thusly the BPM an incentive for the patient. Our framework utilizes a blood
oxygen sensor along with a delicate tension sensor to watch the compulsory vitals of the
patient and show them on a little screen. Likewise, a crisis ringer alert is fitted inside the
framework to sound a ready when an abnormality is identified. The whole framework is
driven by an Arduino regulator to acknowledge wanted results and to help patients inside the
COVID pandemic and other crisis circumstances. In the midst of the world emergency
brought about by the Covid pandemic, medical clinics and medical services offices are
revealing deficiencies of significant gear. As creators, it's our obligation to battle the
deficiency by building improvised open-source substitute gadgets. Our nation likely could be
in an extremely lockdown yet our creativity is not! One significant gadget that request has
inclined up is ventilators for patients who need help with their breathing thanks to the
respiratory impacts of COVID19. Fundamentally, a ventilator could be a machine that gives
breathable air into and out of the lungs, to convey breaths to a truly incapable patient to
inhale, or breathing deficiently. A DIY ventilator probably won't be proficient as that of a
clinical grade ventilator yet it can go about as a fair substitute on the off chance that it's
command over the ensuing key boundaries.
SOFTWARE USED:
ARDUINO IDE :

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) - contains a

text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for
common functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload
programs and communicate with them.

HARDWARE USED:
1. ARDUINO UNO:
The Arduino Uno is an ATmega328 grounded microcontroller. It features 14 digital I/ O legs,
among which 6 can be used as PWM labors, the rest of the legs include 6 analog inputs, a
16MHZ demitasse oscillator leg, power jack point, USB connection harborage, an ISCP title
leg, and a reset button. It can be powered either by with a USB string or with an AC- to- DC
attachment or a battery. Though this board can accept voltages between 7 to 20 V, its
operating voltage is 5V. This board can be programmed using an opensource software tool
Arduino IDE.

2. I2C MODULE:
I2C Module has a inbuilt PCF8574 I2C chip that converts I2C
serial data to parallel data for the LCD display.These modules
are currently supplied with a default I2C address of either
0x27 or 0x3F. To determine which version you have check the
black I2C adaptor board on the underside of the module. If
there a 3 sets of pads labelled A0, A1, & A2 then the default
address will be 0x3F. If there are no pads the default address
will be 0x27.The module has a contrast adjustment pot on the
underside of the display. This may require adjusting for the
screen to display text correctly.
3. 16X2 LCD MODULE:

LCD Module LCD stands for liquid Display. The LCD screen is an alphanumeric display and
it's various applications in several fields. This display might be a very essential module and is
most normally employed in devices and circuits. LCD16x2 has 2 lines with 16 characters in
each line. Each character is made up of a 5x8 (column x row) pixel matrix.

4. 10K POT:
Potentiometers are very useful in changing the electrical parameters of a system. It is a
single turn 10k Potentiometer with a rotating knob. These potentiometers are also
commonly called as a rotary potentiometer or just POT in short. These three-terminal
devices can be used to vary the resistance between 0 to 10k ohms by simply rotating the
knob. A potentiometer knob can also be used along with this POT for aesthetic
purposes. The 10K Potentiometer is a passive electronic component that has two end
terminals with a resistive element and the sliding contact called the wiper acts as the third
terminal. Two other terminals present are used to facilitate stabilized mounting on PCB.
It is mostly used in applications where a single turn can provide enough control
resolution.
 5. MG995 SERVO:
The Whadda MG995 servo motor is a high-speed, metal gear servo motor. It can be used with
most standard RC receivers, or with your own hardware that can output the required PWM
signals, such as an Arduino® compatible board. The servo comes with all of the required
mounting hardware and a selection of arms suitable for a variety of applications. Since
MG995 is a servo motor providing precise rotation over 180º range its applications are many
and in them a few are stated below

 The servo is suited for designing robotic arm in which wear and tear of motor is high.
Being metal geared, the servo has long life and can be installed on system like robotic
arm were motor work is huge.
 The servo is also suited to be used in drones and toy planes. Having a satisfying
torque which is enough to overcome air resistance and control wings of plane, the
servo is preferred in toy planes and drones which need precision control no matter the
condition.
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

WORKING:
The extension rectifier is used to change ac over completely to throbbing dc. Then, at that
point, capacitors go about as channel so we use capacitor for shifting. Transformer is used to
supply fixed yield voltage 5V DC. Arduino required voltage is 5V DC supply. A LCD show
is utilized for show the message and it likewise required 5V DC supply. Arduino are required
three essential need pr supply, reset circuit and oscillator unit. The ventilator we here plan
and foster utilizing arduino envelops of those prerequisites to create solid yet reasonable DIY
ventilator to help in the midst of pandemic. We here utilize a silicon ventilator sack coupled
driven by DC engines with 2 side push system to push the ventilator sack. We use control for
exchanging and a variable pot to control the breath length thus the BPM an incentive for the
patent. Our framework utilizes blood oxygen sensor alongside delicate strain sensor to notice
the predetermined vitals of the patent and showon a small screen. Additionally a crisis ringer
alert is fitted inside the framework to sound a ready when any abnormality is identified.
  Intialization:
Upon powering on, the Arduino Uno initializes and runs the setup routine.
 Sensor Readings:
The pressure sensors measure airflow and pressure within the ventilator system.
These readings are continuously monitored to ensure proper ventilation.
 User Interface:
The display (LCD or LED) provides a user interface to set parameters such as tidal
volume, respiratory rate, and alarms thresholds.
Users can interact with the ventilator through the display to adjust settings as needed.
 Control Algorithm:
The Arduino Uno runs a control algorithm that regulates the motor or solenoid based
on input from the pressure sensors.
This algorithm ensures that the ventilator delivers the desired tidal volume and
maintains the prescribed respiratory rate.
 Ventilation Process:
The motor or solenoid actuates the ventilator mechanism, which delivers air to the
patient's lungs.
The Arduino controls the timing and intensity of ventilation cycles according to the
set parameters.

ARDUINO IDE CODE:

#include <Servo.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
// Set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo

int potpin = 0; // analog pin used to connect the potentiometer

int val; // variable to read the value from the analog pin
float pos = 0;
void setup() {

lcd.begin();

// Turn on the blacklight and print a message.

lcd.backlight();
myservo.attach(9);// attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object
Serial.begin(9600);
 lcd.setCursor(0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0
lcd.print("Emergency Vent"); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(2,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("By ROBOTICS GURU");
delay(4000);
}

void loop() {
val = analogRead(potpin); // reads the value of the potentiometer (value between 0 and
1023)
val = map(val, 0, 1023, 0, 180); // scale it to use it with the servo (value between 0 and 180)
myservo.write(val); // sets the servo position according to the scaled value
Serial.println(val);
delay(15); // waits for the servo to get there

if (val <=30 ) {
lcd.setCursor(0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0
lcd.print("Spd:Fast Ang:100 "); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("Breath cycle 4 sec ");
for (pos = 0; pos <= 100; pos += 1) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
}
for (pos = 100; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);// waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

}}

else if (val >=31 && val<=60 ) {

lcd.setCursor(0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0
lcd.print("Spd:Fast Ang:110 "); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("Breath cycle 4.43 sec ");
for (pos = 0; pos <= 110; pos += 1) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
}
for (pos = 110; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);// waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position
 }}

else if (val >=61 && val<=90 ) {

lcd.setCursor(0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0
lcd.print("Spd:Fast Ang:120 "); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("Breath cycle 3.53 sec ");
for (pos = 0; pos <= 120; pos += 1) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
}
for (pos = 120; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);

}}

else if (val >=91 && val<=120 ) {

lcd.setCursor(0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0
lcd.print("Spd:Slow Ang:100 "); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("Breath cycle 5 sec ");
for (pos = 0; pos <= 100; pos += 0.6) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
}
for (pos = 100; pos >= 0; pos -= 0.6) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
/// / waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position
}}

else if (val >=121 && val<=150 ) {

lcd.setCursor(0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0
lcd.print("Spd:Slow Ang:110 "); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("Breath cycle 5.5 sec ");
for (pos = 0; pos <= 110; pos += 0.6) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
}
for (pos = 110; pos >= 0; pos -= 0.6) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
 myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
// waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position
}}

else if (val >=151 && val<=180 ) {

lcd.setCursor(0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0

lcd.print("Spd:Slow Ang:120 "); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("Breath cycle 6 sec ");

for (pos = 0; pos <= 120; pos += 0.6) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
}
for (pos = 120; pos >= 0; pos -= 0.6) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
// waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

}
}}
FINAL RESULT:

APPLICATIONS:
 Emergency Ventilation: It can be used as a backup or temporary solution in situations
where conventional ventilators are not available, such as during a shortage or in
remote areas.
 Medical Training: Medical students and professionals can use it for training purposes
to understand the basic principles of ventilation and how ventilators function.
 Low-resource Settings: In low-resource settings or developing countries where access
to medical equipment is limited, this DIY ventilator can provide a cost-effective
solution for respiratory support.
 Home Care: It can be adapted for home use by patients with chronic respiratory
conditions who require periodic ventilatory support, under the guidance of healthcare
professionals.
  Research and Development: Researchers and developers can use it as a platform for
experimenting with different ventilation modes, sensors, and algorithms, contributing
to the advancement of ventilator technology.
 Educational Purposes: It can be used in educational settings such as schools and
workshops to teach electronics, programming, and biomedical engineering concepts
in an engaging way.

ADVANTAGES:
 Affordability: Arduino Uno boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other
microcontroller options, making them accessible for DIY projects.
 Versatility: Arduino Uno can be easily programmed and adapted for various projects,
including ventilators, due to its open-source nature and extensive community support.
 Availability of Components: Components compatible with Arduino Uno, such as
sensors, motors, and displays, are widely available, simplifying the procurement
process for building a ventilator.
 Customizability: With Arduino Uno, you have the flexibility to customize the
ventilator's functionality to suit specific requirements or medical needs.
 Ease of Prototyping: Arduino Uno facilitates rapid prototyping and testing, allowing
developers to iterate quickly and refine their ventilator design efficiently.
 Integration with Other Systems: Arduino Uno can easily integrate with other systems
and devices, enabling communication and data exchange for monitoring and control
purposes.
 Learning Opportunity: Building a DIY ventilator project using Arduino Uno provides
an excellent learning opportunity for electronics enthusiasts, students, and
professionals interested in medical technology and device.

CONCLUSION:
Building a low-cost ventilator with integrated temperature, BPM, and oximeter capabilities
using Arduino provides an affordable alternative for emergencies where access to traditional
medical equipment is limited. However, it is crucial to note that this DIY ventilator should
only be considered a temporary solution and should not replace professionally manufactured
and tested medical devices. It is essential to consult healthcare professionals and follow local
regulations and guidelines before using such a DIY ventilator in a medical setting.

FUTURE SCOPE:
We can involve this venture in season of crisis as a first help device. For instance: If an
individual gets a respiratory issue. He really wants to take to clinic quickly while going in
rescue vehicle or in the mishap area he wanted of ventilator to breath so around then
ourventure is little, helpful and to work which can save a daily existence. Since the cost of
our project is reasonable it is simple purchase by a destitute group to rich individuals. In later
we can foster the venture by adding GSM module to remain associated.