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Computer

A computer is an electronic device that operates based on stored instructions and consists of hardware and software components. Hardware includes input, processing, output, and storage devices, with the CPU being the core processing unit. Software is categorized into system software for basic functions and application software for specific user tasks.

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Computer

A computer is an electronic device that operates based on stored instructions and consists of hardware and software components. Hardware includes input, processing, output, and storage devices, with the CPU being the core processing unit. Software is categorized into system software for basic functions and application software for specific user tasks.

Uploaded by

hidera081
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer

Computer A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its
own

Computer Components
Any kind of computers consists of Hardware and Software. Hardware Computer hardware is the
collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system. Computer hardware refers to the
physical parts components of a computer such as monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard
.drive disk

:Hardware devices can be classified into four distinct categories


.a) Input devices: For data input

.b) Processing devices: For process data to information

.c) Output devices: To display data and information

.d) Storage devices: To store data and information

Input Devices
Input device is a hardware or peripheral device used to send data to a computer. An input
device allows users to communicate and feed instructions and data to computers for processing,
display, storage and/or transmission. Input device Translate data from form that humans
understand to one that the computer can work with. Most common are keyboard and mouse.
.Example of Input Devices, Keyboard

Output Devices
Output device is hardware components that disseminate and display both data and
information are classified under the output category. * The output device converts the
electronically generated information into human- readable form, Examples on Output Devices,
Monitor
Processing Devices
Processing is the core function of a computer. It is the stage where data
is transformed into information. Once data has been processed, it can be
.used for useful purposes

Central Processing Unit (CPU)


A CPU is brain of a computer. It is responsible for all functions and processes. Regarding
computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system. The CPU is subdivided into
:three important units, which work together in order to accomplish its function. The units are

The control unit (CU): It manages and supervises the operations of the processor and other -
.components that are crucial in data manipulation

Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): The ALU is responsible for all arithmetic and logic operations -
.like addition, multiplication, subtraction, division, and comparison logic operations

Register and cache: These are storage locations inside the processor that respond to the .-
.instructions of the control unit by moving relevant data around during processing

Memory/Storage Devices

Components that retain/store data are classified under memory/storage devices. Storage is sub-
divided under primary and secondary memory and is either volatile or nonvolatile. Primary Memory usually
refers to random-access memory (RAM) but can also refer to all memory that works in tandem with the
processor. * RAM (Random Access Memory): is volatile, meaning that it retains data only when the computer
is powered up. * ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM is a permanent form of storage. ROM stays active
regardless of whether power supply to it is turned on or off. ROM devices do not allow data stored on them to
be modified. Secondary Memory Stores data and programs permanently: it’s retained after the power is turned
`.off

Secondary Memory Stores data and programs permanently: it’s retained after the power is
turned off.  Secondary memory is subdivided into two categories: Internal devices are designed to be placed
inside the computer at all times. Examples include hard disk. External devices are plug and play media used to
.transfer files between computers. Examples include optical disks, flash disks, and external disk drives
Software
Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and instructions, often
broken into two major categories: system software that provides the basic non- task-specific functions of the
.computer, and application software which is used by users to accomplish specific tasks

Comparison Application Software and System Software


System Software: - Computer software, or just software is a general term
primarily used for digitally stored data such as computer programs and other kinds of
information read

:Example

Microsoft Windows -

Linux -

Application Software: - Application software, also known as an application or


.an "app", is computer software designed to help the user

Opera (Web Browser) -

Microsoft Word -

Microsoft Excel-

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