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PC Software File

The document provides an overview of personal computers (PCs), detailing their definition, components, and the distinction between hardware and software. It explains the role of operating systems (OS), particularly MS-DOS, and compares graphical user interfaces (GUI) with character user interfaces (CUI). Additionally, it outlines the functionalities of an OS, such as resource and memory management, and describes internal and external commands in MS-DOS.

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15 views

PC Software File

The document provides an overview of personal computers (PCs), detailing their definition, components, and the distinction between hardware and software. It explains the role of operating systems (OS), particularly MS-DOS, and compares graphical user interfaces (GUI) with character user interfaces (CUI). Additionally, it outlines the functionalities of an OS, such as resource and memory management, and describes internal and external commands in MS-DOS.

Uploaded by

Adesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

Definition of PC:-
Computer is used to perform some sequence of instruction in fast
and accurate manner. It can be programmed to accept data (Input), process it into
useful information (Output), and store it away (in secondary storage device) for
safekeeping or later reuse. The processing of input to output is directed by the
software but performed by the hardware.

Components of PC:-
 CPU- CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. It is also called brain of computer.
It performs all arithmetical, logical, operations and control Input/output devices.
 Motherboard- It is printed circuit board that connects all other components
together and allows communication between them.
 GPU- GPU stands for Graphic Processing Unit. It is a special type of processor
made for increasing the graphics rendering. It is used in gaming, video editing,
many more task like this.
 RAM- RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is primary and volatile
memory. It store data which computer need to process the tasks.
 Hard Disk- Hard Disk is secondary storage device of computer, it is non-volatile
memory used to store user’s data for long time. It is also called HHD (Hard Disk
Drive).

Software: Software is set of instructions and its documentations that tell a computer
what to do or how to perform a task. Software includes all different software programs
on a computer, such as application and the operating system.

Software is set of information, data or program used to operate computer and perform
some specific task.

There are two types of software: System Software and Application Software.

System Software:

Hardware: Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts or electronic device.


Hardware, we can touch and feel. Hardware can be often categorized into Input,
Output, and storage or processing components.

Devices which are not an integral part of the CPU are known as peripherals. This
includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also includes all the
parts inside the computer case, such as the hard disk drive, motherboard, video card,
and many others.
MS DOS:-
Operating System (OS): It is an integrated set of programs, used to control all
resources (Input/output devices) of computer and provides an interface to user that is
easier to use.

Objectives of OS:
1. Convenience: An OS makes a computer more convenient to use.
2. Efficiency: An OS allows the computer system resources to be used efficiently.
3. Ability to Evolve: An OS should be constructed in such a way as to permit the
effective development, testing, and introduction of new system functions at the same
time without interfering with service.
4. Throughput: An OS should be constructed so that it can give
maximum throughput (Number of tasks per unit time).

Major Functionalities of Operating System:


 Resource Management: When parallel accessing happens in the OS means
when multiple users are accessing the system the OS works as Resource
Manager, Its responsibility is to provide hardware to the user. It decreases the
load in the system.
 Process Management: It includes various tasks like scheduling and
termination of the process. It is done with the help of CPU
Scheduling algorithms.
 Storage Management: The file system mechanism used for the
management of the storage. NIFS, CFS, CIFS, NFS, etc. are some file systems.
All the data is stored in various tracks of Hard disks that are all managed by the
storage manager. It included Hard Disk.
 Memory Management: Refers to the management of primary memory. The
operating system has to keep track of how much memory has been used and by
whom. It has to decide which process needs memory space and how much. OS
also has to allocate and deallocate the memory space.
 Security/Privacy Management: Privacy is also provided by the Operating
system by means of passwords so that unauthorized applications can’t access
programs or data. For example, Windows uses Kerberos authentication to
prevent unauthorized access to data.

GUI: GUI stands for Graphical User Interface. This is a type of user interface where
user interacts with the computer using graphics. Graphics include icons, navigation
bars, images etc. Mouse can be used while using this interface to interact with the
graphics. It is a very user-friendly interface and requires no expertise. Example: -
Windows has GUI.
CUI: CUI stands for Character User Interface. This is a type of user interface where
user interacts with computer using only keyboard. To perform any action a
command is required. CUI is precursor of GUI and was used in most primitive
computers.

Difference between CUI and GUI:

Property CUI GUI


The user interacts with the
The user interacts with the system
Interaction computer using commands like
using Graphics like icons, images.
text.
Navigation Navigation is not easy. Navigation is easy to use.
Speed It has high speed. It has low speed.
Memory Requirement It has a low memory requirement. It has a high memory requirement.
Users interact with the computer
Users interact with the computer
system using a graphical interface,
Peripherals used system by typing commands into
which includes menus and mouse
the keyboard.
clicks.
Precision It has high precision. It has low precision.
It has a little flexible user
Flexibility It has a highly flexible user interface.
interface.
Customize It is not easily customizable. It has highly customizable.

MS-DOS: - MS-DOS Operating System also called the Disk Operating system was
developed by Microsoft for x86 personal computers. It works on the phenomenon of
doing less and getting more. It is a 16-bit operating system. A closed-source model
was initially released on August 12, 1981, and the final release on September 14,
2000.

Types of MS-DOS Commands:

There are mainly two types of MS-DOS commands:

1. Internal Commands: Internal commands are those commands that are loaded
automatically in the memory when DOS is loaded into memory during the
booting process. These commands are easier to learn and use. They require no
external files for their storage as in the case of external commands. These are
for performing a basic operation on files and in directories. They do not need
any external file support. These commands are used for common jobs such as
copying and erasing files.

2. External Commands: These external commands are for performing advanced


tasks and they do not need some external file support as they are not stored in
COMMAND.com. The external commands are used less frequently and are
stored in some external files which are stored in some secondary storage
devices. Whenever an external command is to be executed then the external
file in which that particular command is stored is transferred from the secondary
storage disk to the main memory (RAM)
.

GUI CUI

Using commands(only
Interaction Using graphics(images, icons) text)

Navigation Easier Difficult

Peripherals Keyboard and mouse(or any Keyboard only


GUI CUI

used pointing device)

Precision LOW HIGH

Speed LOW HIGH

Ease of
Operation Easier Difficult, requires expertise

Memory
Required HIGH LOW

Flexibility MORE Flexible LESS Flexible

Customising Appearance cannot be


Appearance Highly customizable changed

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