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Randomization_constraints

The document provides various examples of randomization in SystemVerilog, including basic randomization, constrained randomization, randomizing multiple variables, excluding specific values, weighted randomization, and randomizing arrays. Each example includes code snippets and expected output to illustrate the concepts. The examples demonstrate how to generate random values with constraints and specific conditions to control the randomness.

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2 views

Randomization_constraints

The document provides various examples of randomization in SystemVerilog, including basic randomization, constrained randomization, randomizing multiple variables, excluding specific values, weighted randomization, and randomizing arrays. Each example includes code snippets and expected output to illustrate the concepts. The examples demonstrate how to generate random values with constraints and specific conditions to control the randomness.

Uploaded by

126004033
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SystemVerilog Randomization Examples

FPGA and Verification


Basic Randomization
SystemVerilog allows random values to be generated using the rand keyword.
1 class RandomTest ;
2 rand bit [7:0] data ; // 8 - bit random variable
3
4 function void display () ;
5 $ display ( " Random Data : % d " , data ) ;
6 endfunction
7 endclass
8
9 module test ;
10 initial begin
11 automatic RandomTest r = new () ;
12 repeat (5) begin
13 void ’( r . randomize () ) ; // Calls randomization
14 r . display () ;
15 end
16 end
17 endmodule

Listing 1: Simple Randomization

Expected Output:
Random Data: 137
Random Data: 24
Random Data: 211
Random Data: 89
Random Data: 56

Randomization with Constraints


We can limit the range of generated values using constraints.
1 class C o n s t r a i n e d R a n d o m T e s t ;
2 rand bit [7:0] data ;
3 constraint c1 { data > 50; data < 200; }
4
5 function void display () ;
6 $ display ( " Constrained Random Data : % d " , data ) ;
7 endfunction
8 endclass
9
10 module test ;
11 initial begin
12 automatic C o n s t r a i n e d R a n d o m T e s t r = new () ;
13 repeat (5) begin
14 void ’( r . randomize () ) ;
15 r . display () ;
16 end
17 end
18 endmodule

Listing 2: Constrained Randomization

Expected Output:

1
Constrained Random Data: 78
Constrained Random Data: 132
Constrained Random Data: 165
Constrained Random Data: 199
Constrained Random Data: 120

Randomizing Multiple Variables


Randomizing multiple variables and applying constraints between them.
1 class MultiVarTest ;
2 rand bit [7:0] a , b ;
3 constraint sum_limit { a + b < 200; }
4
5 function void display () ;
6 $ display ( " A : %d , B : %d , Sum : % d " , a , b , a + b ) ;
7 endfunction
8 endclass
9
10 module test ;
11 initial begin
12 automatic MultiVarTest r = new () ;
13 repeat (5) begin
14 void ’( r . randomize () ) ;
15 r . display () ;
16 end
17 end
18 endmodule

Listing 3: Sum Constraint

Expected Output:
A: 85, B: 72, Sum: 157
A: 120, B: 55, Sum: 175
A: 45, B: 80, Sum: 125
A: 30, B: 60, Sum: 90
A: 99, B: 80, Sum: 179

Excluding Specific Values


We can prevent specific values from being generated.
1 class E x c l u d e V a l u e s T e s t ;
2 rand bit [7:0] x ;
3 constraint exclude_zero { x != 0; }
4 constraint exclude_255 { x != 255; }
5
6 function void display () ;
7 $ display ( " Random Value : % d " , x ) ;
8 endfunction
9 endclass
10
11 module test ;
12 initial begin
13 automatic E x c l u d e V a l u e s T e s t r = new () ;
14 repeat (5) begin
15 void ’( r . randomize () ) ;
16 r . display () ;
17 end
18 end
19 endmodule

2
Listing 4: Excluding Zero and 255

Expected Output:
Random Value: 145
Random Value: 89
Random Value: 250
Random Value: 33
Random Value: 124

Weighted Randomization
Assigning weights to specific values to control probability distribution.
1 class Wei ghtedRan dom ;
2 rand int x ;
3 constraint weighted {
4 x dist {10 := 5 , 20 := 2 , 30 := 1}; // 10 appears most frequently
5 }
6
7 function void display () ;
8 $ display ( " Random X : % d " , x ) ;
9 endfunction
10 endclass
11
12 module test ;
13 initial begin
14 automatic Weig htedRand om r = new () ;
15 repeat (10) begin
16 void ’( r . randomize () ) ;
17 r . display () ;
18 end
19 end
20 endmodule

Listing 5: Weighted Randomization

Expected Output:

Random X: 10
Random X: 10
Random X: 20
Random X: 10
Random X: 30
Random X: 10
Random X: 20
Random X: 10
Random X: 10
Random X: 10

Randomizing an Array
We can randomize all elements of an array.

Code: Randomizing an Array of 5 Elements

3
1 class ArrayRandom ;
2 rand bit [7:0] arr [5]; // Array of 5 random values
3
4 constraint range { foreach ( arr [ i ]) arr [ i ] > 50 && arr [ i ] < 200; }
5
6 function void display () ;
7 foreach ( arr [ i ]) $ display ( " arr [%0 d ] = % d " , i , arr [ i ]) ;
8 endfunction
9 endclass
10
11 module test ;
12 initial begin
13 automatic ArrayRandom r = new () ;
14 void ’( r . randomize () ) ;
15 r . display () ;
16 end
17 endmodule

Listing 6: SystemVerilog Array Randomization

Expected Output
arr[0] = 78
arr[1] = 125
arr[2] = 162
arr[3] = 145
arr[4] = 89

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