SOLUTION

MANUAL
13–1.

The 6-lb particle is subjected to the action of z

its weight and forces F1 = 52i + 6j - 2tk6 lb, F2 =
5t2i - 4tj - 1k6 lb, and F3 = 5-2ti6 lb, where t is in
seconds. Determine the distance the ball is from the origin
2 s after being released from rest. F2 y

F3
F1
x
SOLUTION
6
©F = ma; (2i + 6j - 2tk) + (t2i - 4tj - 1k) - 2ti - 6k = (axi + ay j + azk)
32.2

Equating components:

6 6 6
a = t2 - 2t + 2 a = -4t + 6 a = -2t - 7
32.2 x 32.2 y 32.2 z

Since dv = a dt, integrating from n = 0, t = 0, yields

6 t3 6 6
vx = - t2 + 2t v = -2t2 + 6t v = - t2 - 7t
32.2 3 32.2 y 32.2 z

Since ds = v dt, integrating from s = 0, t = 0 yields

6 t4 t3 6 2t3 6 t3 7t2
sx = - + t2 sy = - + 3t2 sz = - -
32.2 12 3 32.2 3 32.2 3 2

When t = 2 s then, sx = 14.31 ft , sy = 35.78 ft sz = -89.44 ft

Thus,

s = (14.31)2 + (35.78)2 + (-89.44)2 = 97.4 ft Ans.

13–2.

The 10-lb block has an initial velocity of 10 ft>s on the

smooth plane. If a force F = 12.5t2 lb, where t is in seconds,
acts on the block for 3 s, determine the final velocity of the
block and the distance the block travels during this time.

SOLUTION

:
+ ©F = ma ; 10
x x 2.5t = a
32.2

a = 8.05t

dv = a dt
n t

L10 L0
dv = 8.05t dt

v = 4.025t2 + 10

When t = 3 s,

v = 46.2 ft>s Ans.

ds = v dt
s t

L0 L0
ds = (4.025t2 + 10) dt

s = 1.3417t3 + 10t

When t = 3 s,

s = 66.2 ft Ans.
13–3.

If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the 50-kg crate P

and the ground is mk = 0.3, determine the distance the
crate travels and its velocity when t = 3 s. The crate starts
30
from rest, and P = 200 N.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The kinetic friction Ff = mkN is directed to the left to oppose
the motion of the crate which is to the right, Fig. a.

Equations of Motion: Here, ay = 0. Thus,

+ c ©Fy = 0; N - 50(9.81) + 200 sin 30° = 0

N = 390.5 N

:
+ ©Fx = max; 200 cos 30° - 0.3(390.5) = 50a

a = 1.121 m>s2

Kinematics: Since the acceleration a of the crate is constant,

:
+ v = v0 + act

v = 0 + 1.121(3) = 3.36 m>s Ans.

and

:
+ 1 2
s = s0 + v0t + at
2 c
1
s = 0 + 0 + (1.121) 32 = 5.04 m Ans.
2
*13–4.

If the 50-kg crate starts from rest and achieves a velocity of P

v = 4 m>s when it travels a distance of 5 m to the right,
determine the magnitude of force P acting on the crate.
30
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the
ground is mk = 0.3.

SOLUTION
Kinematics: The acceleration a of the crate will be determined first since its motion
is known.
(: + ) v2 = v 2 + 2a (s - s )
0 c 0

42 = 02 + 2a(5 - 0)

a = 1.60 m>s2 :

Free-Body Diagram: Here, the kinetic friction Ff = mkN = 0.3N is required to be

directed to the left to oppose the motion of the crate which is to the right, Fig. a.

Equations of Motion:

+ c ©Fy = may; N + P sin 30° - 50(9.81) = 50(0)

N = 490.5 - 0.5P

Using the results of N and a,

:
+ ©F = ma ;
x x P cos 30° - 0.3(490.5 - 0.5P) = 50(1.60)

P = 224 N Ans.
13–5.

The water-park ride consists of an 800-lb sled which slides

from rest down the incline and then into the pool. If the
frictional resistance on the incline is Fr = 30 lb, and in
the pool for a short distance Fr = 80 lb, determine how
fast the sled is traveling when s = 5 ft.

100 ft

SOLUTION

+ b a Fx = max;
800
800 sin 45° - 30 = a
32.2 s 100 ft

a = 21.561 ft>s2

v21 = v20 + 2ac(s - s0)

v21 = 0 + 2(21.561)(10022 - 0))

v1 = = 78.093 ft>s

; a Fx = max;
+ 800
-80 = a
32.2

a = -3.22 ft>s2

v22 = v21 + 2ac(s2 - s1)

v22 = (78.093)2 + 2(-3.22)(5 - 0)

v2 = 77.9 ft>s Ans.

13–6.

If P = 400 N and the coefficient of kinetic friction between P

the 50-kg crate and the inclined plane is mk = 0.25,
determine the velocity of the crate after it travels 6 m up the 30°
plane. The crate starts from rest.

SOLUTION 30°
Free-Body Diagram: Here, the kinetic friction Ff = mkN = 0.25N is required to be
directed down the plane to oppose the motion of the crate which is assumed to be
directed up the plane. The acceleration a of the crate is also assumed to be directed
up the plane, Fig. a.

Equations of Motion: Here, ay¿ = 0. Thus,

©Fy¿ = may¿; N + 400 sin 30° - 50(9.81) cos 30° = 50(0)

N = 224.79 N

Using the result of N,

©Fx¿ = may¿; 400 cos 30° - 50(9.81) sin 30° - 0.25(224.79) = 50a

a = 0.8993 m>s2

Kinematics: Since the acceleration a of the crate is constant,

v2 = v0 2 + 2ac(s - s0)

v2 = 0 + 2(0.8993)(6 - 0)

v = 3.29 m>s Ans.

13–7.

If the 50-kg crate starts from rest and travels a distance of 6 m P

up the plane in 4 s, determine the magnitude of force P acting
on the crate. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the 30°
crate and the ground is mk = 0.25.

SOLUTION 30°
Kinematics: Here, the acceleration a of the crate will be determined first since its
motion is known.

1 2
s = s0 + v0t + at
2 c
1
6 = 0 + 0 + a(42)
2
a = 0.75 m>s2

Free-Body Diagram: Here, the kinetic friction Ff = mkN = 0.25N is required to be

directed down the plane to oppose the motion of the crate which is directed up the
plane, Fig. a.

Equations of Motion: Here, ay¿ = 0. Thus,

©Fy¿ = may¿; N + P sin 30° - 50(9.81) cos 30° = 50(0)

N = 424.79 - 0.5P

Using the results of N and a,

©Fx¿ = max¿; P cos 30° - 0.25(424.79 - 0.5P) - 50(9.81) sin 30° = 50(0.75)

P = 392 N Ans.
*13–8.

The speed of the 3500-lb sports car is plotted over the 30-s
time period. Plot the variation of the traction force F needed
v (ft/s)
to cause the motion.
F

80

60
SOLUTION
60 dv
Kinematics: For 0 … t 6 10 s. v = t = {6t} ft>s. Applying equation a = ,
10 dt
we have

dv
a = = 6 ft>s2
dt t (s)
10 30
v - 60 80 - 60
For 10 6 t … 30 s, = , v = {t + 50} ft>s. Applying equation
t - 10 30 - 10
dv
a = , we have v
dt

dv
a = = 1 ft>s2
dt

Equation of Motion:

For 0 … t 6 10 s

; a Fx = max ; F =
+ 3500
(6) = 652 lb Ans.
32.2

For 10 6 t … 30 s

; a Fx = max ; F =
+ 3500
(1) = 109 lb Ans.
32.2
13–9.

The crate has a mass of 80 kg and is being towed by a chain p

which is always directed at 20° from the horizontal as
shown. If the magnitude of P is increased until the crate 20
begins to slide, determine the crate’s initial acceleration if
the coefficient of static friction is ms = 0.5 and the
coefficient of kinetic friction is mk = 0.3 .

SOLUTION
Equations of Equilibrium: If the crate is on the verge of slipping, Ff = ms N = 0.5N.
From FBD(a),

+ c ©Fy = 0; N + P sin 20° - 80(9.81) = 0 (1)

:
+ ©F = 0;
x P cos 20° - 0.5N = 0 (2)

Solving Eqs.(1) and (2) yields

P = 353.29 N N = 663.97 N

Equations of Motion: The friction force developed between the crate and its
contacting surface is Ff = mkN = 0.3N since the crate is moving. From FBD(b),

+ c ©Fy = may ; N - 80(9.81) + 353.29 sin 20° = 80(0)

N = 663.97 N

:
+ ©F = ma ;
x x 353.29 cos 20° - 0.3(663.97) = 80a

a = 1.66 m>s2 Ans.

13–10.

The crate has a mass of 80 kg and is being towed by a chain p

which is always directed at 20° from the horizontal as
shown. Determine the crate’s acceleration in t = 2 s if the 20
coefficient of static friction is ms = 0.4, the coefficient of
kinetic friction is mk = 0.3, and the towing force is
P = (90t2) N, where t is in seconds.

SOLUTION
Equations of Equilibrium: At t = 2 s, P = 90 22 = 360 N. From FBD(a)

+ c ©Fy = 0; N + 360 sin 20° - 80(9.81) = 0 N = 661.67 N

:
+ ©F = 0;
x 360 cos 20° - Ff = 0 Ff = 338.29 N

Since Ff 7 (Ff)max = ms N = 0.4(661.67) = 264.67 N, the crate accelerates.

Equations of Motion: The friction force developed between the crate and its
contacting surface is Ff = mkN = 0.3N since the crate is moving. From FBD(b),

+ c ©Fy = may ; N - 80(9.81) + 360 sin 20° = 80(0)

N = 661.67 N

:
+ ©F = ma ;
x x 360 cos 20° - 0.3(661.67) = 80a

a = 1.75 m>s2 Ans.

13–11.

The safe S has a weight of 200 lb and is supported by the

rope and pulley arrangement shown. If the end of the rope
is given to a boy B of weight 90 lb, determine his
acceleration if in the confusion he doesn’t let go of the rope.
Neglect the mass of the pulleys and rope.

SOLUTION
B
Equation of Motion: The tension T developed in the cord is the same throughout
the entire cord since the cord passes over the smooth pulleys.

From FBD(a),

90
+ c ©Fy = may; T-90 = - a ba (1)
32.2 B

From FBD(b),

200
+ c ©Fy = may ; 2T - 200 = - a ba (2)
32.2 S

Kinematic: Establish the position-coordinate equation, we have

2sS +sB = l

Taking time derivative twice yields

1+ T 2 2aS + aB = 0 (3)

Solving Eqs.(1),(2), and (3) yields

aB = -2.30 ft>s2 = 2.30 ft>s2 c Ans.

aS = 1.15 ft>s2 T T = 96.43 lb

*13–12.

The boy having a weight of 80 lb hangs uniformly from the

bar. Determine the force in each of his arms in t = 2 s if the
bar is moving upward with (a) a constant velocity of 3 ft>s,
and (b) a speed of v = 14t22 ft>s, where t is in seconds.

SOLUTION
(a) T = 40 lb Ans.

(b) v = 4t 2

a = 8t

+ c a Fy = may ;
80
2T - 80 = 18t2
32.2

At t = 2 s.

T = 59.9 lb Ans.
13–13.

The bullet of mass m is given a velocity due to gas pressure

caused by the burning of powder within the chamber of the
gun. Assuming this pressure creates a force of
F = F0 sin 1pt>t02 on the bullet, determine the velocity of F
the bullet at any instant it is in the barrel. What is the
bullet’s maximum velocity? Also, determine the position of F0
the bullet in the barrel as a function of time.

t
SOLUTION t0

:
+ ©F = ma ; pt
x x F0 sin a b = ma
t0

dv F0 pt
a = = a b sin a b
dt m t0
v t
F0 F0t0 pt t
L0 L0
pt
dv = a b sin a b dt v = -a b cos a b d
m t0 pm t0 0

F0t0 pt
v = a b a 1- cos a b b Ans.
pm t0

pt
vmax occurs when cos a b = - 1, or t = t0.
t0

2F0t0
vmax = Ans.
pm
s t
F0t0
L0 L0
pt
ds = a b a1 - cos a b bdt
pm t0

F0t0 t0 pt t
s = a b ct - sin a b d
pm p t0 0

F0 t 0 t0 pt
s = a b at - sin a b b Ans.
pm p t0
13–14.

The 2-Mg truck is traveling at 15 m> s when the brakes on all its
wheels are applied, causing it to skid for a distance of 10 m
C
before coming to rest. Determine the constant horizontal force
developed in the coupling C, and the frictional force
developed between the tires of the truck and the road during
this time. The total mass of the boat and trailer is 1 Mg.

SOLUTION
Kinematics: Since the motion of the truck and trailer is known, their common
acceleration a will be determined first.

a:
+ b v2 = v0 2 + 2ac(s - s0)

0 = 152 + 2a(10 - 0)

a = -11.25 m>s2 = 11.25 m>s2 ;

Free-Body Diagram:The free-body diagram of the truck and trailer are shown in
Figs. (a) and (b), respectively. Here, F representes the frictional force developed
when the truck skids, while the force developed in coupling C is represented by T.

Equations of Motion:Using the result of a and referrning to Fig. (a),

:
+ ©F = ma ;
x x -T = 1000( -11.25)

T = 11 250 N = 11.25 kN Ans.

Using the results of a and T and referring to Fig. (b),

+ c ©Fx = max ; 11 250 - F = 2000( -11.25)

F = 33 750 N = 33.75 kN Ans.

13–15.

A freight elevator, including its load, has a mass of 500 kg. It

is prevented from rotating by the track and wheels mounted
along its sides. When t = 2 s, the motor M draws in the cable
with a speed of 6 m> s, measured relative to the elevator. If it
starts from rest, determine the constant acceleration of the
elevator and the tension in the cable. Neglect the mass of
the pulleys, motor, and cables. M

SOLUTION
3sE + sP = l

3vE = - vP

+T vP = vE + vP>E

-3vE = vE + 6

6
vE = - = - 1.5 m>s = 1.5 m>s c
4

+c v = v0 + ac t

1.5 = 0 + aE (2)

aE = 0.75 m>s2 c Ans.

+ c ©Fy = may ; 4T - 500(9.81) = 500(0.75)

T = 1320 N = 1.32 kN Ans.

*13–16.

The man pushes on the 60-lb crate with a force F. The force
is always directed down at 30° from the horizontal as F
shown, and its magnitude is increased until the crate begins
to slide. Determine the crate’s initial acceleration if the 30
coefficient of static friction is ms = 0.6 and the coefficient of
kinetic friction is mk = 0.3.

SOLUTION
Force to produce motion:

:
+ ©F = 0;
x Fcos 30° - 0.6N = 0

+ c ©Fy = 0; N - 60 - F sin 30° = 0

N = 91.80 lb F = 63.60 lb

Since N = 91.80 lb,

:
+ ©F = ma ; 60
x x 63.60 cos 30° - 0.3(91.80) = a ba
32.2

a = 14.8 ft>s2 Ans.

13–17.

The double inclined plane supports two blocks A and B,

each having a weight of 10 lb. If the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the blocks and the plane is mk = 0.1,
determine the acceleration of each block. B
A

60
30

SOLUTION
Equation of Motion: Since blocks A and B are sliding along the plane, the friction
forces developed between the blocks and the plane are (Ff)A = mk NA = 0.1 NA
and (Ff)B = mk NB = 0.1NB . Here, aA = aB = a . Applying Eq. 13–7 to FBD(a),
we have

a + a Fy¿ = may¿; NA - 10 cos 60° = a

10
b(0) NA = 5.00 lb
32.2

Q + a Fx¿ = max¿;
10
T + 0.1(5.00) - 10 sin 60° = - a ba (1)
32.2

From FBD(b),

Q + a Fy¿ = may¿; NB - 10 cos 30° = a

10
b (0) NB = 8.660 lb
32.2

a + a Fx¿ = max¿; T - 0.1(8.660) - 10 sin 30° = a

10
ba (2)
32.2

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

a = 3.69 ft>s2 Ans.

T = 7.013 lb
13–18.

A 40-lb suitcase slides from rest 20 ft down the smooth A

ramp. Determine the point where it strikes the ground at C.
How long does it take to go from A to C?
20 ft

30
B
4 ft
SOLUTION C

40 R
+ R ©Fx = m ax ; 40 sin 30° = a
32.2

a = 16.1 ft>s2

(+ R)v2 = v20 + 2 ac(s - s0);

v2B = 0 + 2(16.1)(20)

vB = 25.38 ft>s

(+ R) v = v0 + ac t ;

25.38 = 0 + 16.1 tAB

tAB = 1.576 s

(:
+ )s = (s ) + (v ) t
x x 0 x 0

R = 0 + 25.38 cos 30°(tBC)

1 2
(+ T ) sy = (sy)0 + (vy)0 t + act
2
1
4 = 0 + 25.38 sin 30° tBC + (32.2)(tBC)2
2
tBC = 0.2413 s

R = 5.30 ft Ans.

Total time = tAB + tBC = 1.82 s Ans.

13–19.

Solve Prob. 13–18 if the suitcase has an initial velocity down A

the ramp of vA = 10 ft>s and the coefficient of kinetic
friction along AB is mk = 0.2.
20 ft

30
B
SOLUTION 4 ft
C
40
+ R©Fx = max; 40 sin 30° - 6.928 = a R
32.2
2
a = 10.52 ft>s

(+ R) v2 = v20 + 2 ac (s - s0);

v2B = (10)2 + 2(10.52)(20)

vB = 22.82 ft>s

(+ R) v = v0 + ac t;

22.82 = 10 + 10.52 tAB

tAB = 1.219 s

(:
+ ) s = (s ) + (v ) t
x x 0 x 0

R = 0 + 22.82 cos 30° (tBC)

1
(+ T ) sy = (sy)0 + (vy)0 t + ac t2
2
1
4 = 0 + 22.82 sin 30° tBC + (32.2)(tBC)2
2
tBC = 0.2572 s

R = 5.08 ft Ans.

Total time = tAB + tBC = 1.48 s Ans.

*13–20.

The 400-kg mine car is hoisted up the incline using the cable M
and motor M. For a short time, the force in the cable is
F = 13200t22 N, where t is in seconds. If the car has an v1 2 m/s
initial velocity v1 = 2 m>s when t = 0, determine its
velocity when t = 2 s.

SOLUTION 17
8
15
8
Q+ ©Fx¿ = max¿ ; 3200t2 - 40019.812a b = 400a a = 8t2 - 4.616
17

dv = adt
v 2

L2 L0
dv = 18t 2 -4.6162 dt

v = 14.1 m>s Ans.

13–21.

The 400-kg mine car is hoisted up the incline using the cable M
and motor M. For a short time, the force in the cable is
F = 13200t22 N, where t is in seconds. If the car has an v1 2 m/s
initial velocity v1 = 2 m>s at s = 0 and t = 0, determine the
distance it moves up the plane when t = 2 s.

SOLUTION 17
8
15
8
Q+ ©Fx¿ = max¿; 3200t2 - 40019.812a b = 400a a = 8t2 - 4.616
17

dv = adt
v t

L2 L0
dv = 18t2 - 4.6162 dt

ds
v = = 2.667t3 - 4.616t + 2
dt
s 2

L0 L0
ds = (2.667 t3 - 4.616t + 2) dt

s = 5.43 m Ans.
13–22.

Determine the required mass of block A so that when it is

released from rest it moves the 5-kg block B a distance of
0.75 m up along the smooth inclined plane in t = 2 s. E
Neglect the mass of the pulleys and cords.

D
SOLUTION
B
1
Kinematic: Applying equation s = s0 + v0 t + ac t2, we have A
2
60
1
(a+ ) 0.75 = 0 + 0 + aB 22 aB = 0.375 m>s 2
2

Establishing the position - coordinate equation, we have

2sA + (sA - sB) = l 3sA - sB = l

Taking time derivative twice yields

3aA - aB = 0 (1)

From Eq.(1),

3aA - 0.375 = 0 aA = 0.125 m>s2

Equation of Motion: The tension T developed in the cord is the same throughout
the entire cord since the cord passes over the smooth pulleys. From FBD(b),

a+ ©Fy¿ = may¿ ; T - 5(9.81) sin 60° = 5(0.375)

T = 44.35 N

From FBD(a),

+ c ©Fy = may ; 3(44.35) - 9.81mA = mA (- 0.125)

mA = 13.7 kg Ans.
13–23.

The winding drum D is drawing in the cable at an

accelerated rate of 5 m>s2. Determine the cable tension if
the suspended crate has a mass of 800 kg.

SOLUTION
sA + 2 sB = l

aA = - 2 aB

5 = -2 a B

a B = -2.5 m>s2 = 2.5 m>s2 c

+ c ©Fy = may ; 2T - 800(9.81) = 800(2.5)

T = 4924 N = 4.92 kN Ans.

*13–24.

If the motor draws in the cable at a rate of v = (0.05s3>2) m>s, s

where s is in meters, determine the tension developed in the
cable when s = 10 m. The crate has a mass of 20 kg, and the v
coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the ground M
is mk = 0.2.

SOLUTION
Kinematics: Since the motion of the create is known, its acceleration a will be
determined first.

dv 3
a = v = 0.05s3>2 c (0.05)a b s1>2 d = 0.00375s2 m>s2
ds 2

When s = 10 m,

a = 0.00375(102) = 0.375 m>s2 :

Free-Body Diagram: The kinetic friction Ff = mkN = 0.2N must act to the left to
oppose the motion of the crate which is to the right, Fig. a.

Equations of Motion: Here, ay = 0. Thus,

+ c ©Fy = may; N - 20(9.81) = 20(0)

N = 196.2 N

Using the results of N and a,

:
+ ©F = ma ;
x x T - 0.2(196.2) = 20(0.375)

T = 46.7 N Ans.
13–25.

If the motor draws in the cable at a rate of v = (0.05t2) m>s, s

where t is in seconds, determine the tension developed in the
cable when t = 5 s. The crate has a mass of 20 kg and the v
coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the ground M
is mk = 0.2.

SOLUTION
Kinematics: Since the motion of the crate is known, its acceleration a will be
determined first.

dv
a = = 0.05(2t) = (0.1t) m>s2
dt

When t = 5 s,

a = 0.1(5) = 0.5 m>s2 :

Free-Body Diagram: The kinetic friction Ff = mkN = 0.2N must act to the left to
oppose the motion of the crate which is to the right, Fig. a.

Equations of Motion: Here, ay = 0. Thus,

+ c ©Fy = may; N - 20(9.81) = 0

N = 196.2 N

Using the results of N and a,

:
+ ©F = ma ;
x x T - 0.2(196.2) = 20(0.5)

T = 49.2 N Ans.
13–26.

The 2-kg shaft CA passes through a smooth journal bearing s¿ s

at B. Initially, the springs, which are coiled loosely around
the shaft, are unstretched when no force is applied to the F 5 kN
C B A
shaft. In this position s = s¿ = 250 mm and the shaft is at
rest. If a horizontal force of F = 5 kN is applied, determine
the speed of the shaft at the instant s = 50 mm, kCB 3 kN/m kAB 2 kN/m
s¿ = 450 mm. The ends of the springs are attached to the
bearing at B and the caps at C and A.

SOLUTION
FCB = kCBx = 3000x FAB = kABx = 2000x

;
+ ©F = ma ;
x x 5000 - 3000x - 2000x = 2a

2500 - 2500x = a

a dx - v dy
0.2 v

L0 L0
(2500 - 2500x) dx = v dv

2500(0.2)2 v2
2500(0.2) - =
2 2

v = 30 m>s Ans.
13–27.

The 30-lb crate is being hoisted upward with a constant y

acceleration of 6 ft>s2. If the uniform beam AB has a weight
of 200 lb, determine the components of reaction at the fixed
support A. Neglect the size and mass of the pulley at B. 5 ft
B
Hint: First find the tension in the cable, then analyze the A x
forces in the beam using statics.

SOLUTION
Crate: 6 ft/s2

30
+ c ©Fy = may ; T - 30 = a b (6) T = 35.59 lb
32.2

Beam:

:
+ ©F = 0;
x - Ax + 35.59 = 0 Ax = 35.6 lb Ans.

a + c ©Fy = 0; Ay - 200 - 35.59 = 0 Ay = 236 lb Ans.

+ ©MA = 0; MA - 200(2.5) - (35.59)(5) = 0 MA = 678 lb # ft Ans.

*13–28.

The driver attempts to tow the crate using a rope that has a
tensile strength of 200 lb. If the crate is originally at rest and
has a weight of 500 lb, determine the greatest acceleration it
30
can have if the coefficient of static friction between the
crate and the road is ms = 0.4, and the coefficient of kinetic
friction is mk = 0.3.

SOLUTION

Equilibrium: In order to slide the crate, the towing force must overcome static
friction.

:
+ ©F = 0;
x -T cos 30° +0.4N = 0 (1)

:
+ ©F = 0; N + T sin 30°-500 = 0 (2)

Solving Eqs.(1) and (2) yields:

T = 187.6 lb N = 406.2 lb

Since T 6 200 lb, the cord will not break at the moment the crate slides.

After the crate begins to slide, the kinetic friction is used for the calculation.

+ c ©Fy = may; N + 200 sin 30° - 500 = 0 N = 400 lb

:
+ ©F = ma ; 500
x x 200 cos 30° - 0.3(400) = a
32.2

a = 3.43 ft>s2 Ans.

13–29.

The force exerted by the motor on the cable is shown in the F (lb)
graph. Determine the velocity of the 200-lb crate when
t = 2.5 s. 250 lb

t (s)
2.5
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of the crate is shown in Fig. a.

Equilibrium: For the crate to move, force F must overcome the weight of the crate.
Thus, the time required to move the crate is given by
A
+ c ©Fy = 0; 100t - 200 = 0 t = 2s

250
Equation of Motion: For 2 s 6 t 6 2.5 s, F = t = (100t) lb. By referring to Fig. a,
2.5

200
+ c ©Fy = may; 100t - 200 = a
32.2
a = (16.1t - 32.2) ft>s2

Kinematics: The velocity of the crate can be obtained by integrating the kinematic
equation, dv = adt. For 2 s … t 6 2.5 s, v = 0 at t = 2 s will be used as the lower
integration limit.Thus,

L L
(+ c ) dv = adt

v t

L0 L2 s
dv = (16.1t - 32.2)dt
t
v = 8.05t2 - 32.2t
2s
= 8.05t2 - 32.2t + 32.2 ft>s

When t = 2.5 s,

v = 8.05(2.52) - 32.2(2.5) + 32.2 = 2.01 ft>s Ans.

13–30.

The force of the motor M on the cable is shown in the graph. F (N)
Determine the velocity of the 400-kg crate A when t = 2 s.
2500

F 625 t 2
M t (s)
2

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of the crate is shown in Fig. a.

Equilibrium: For the crate to move, force 2F must overcome its weight. Thus, the
time required to move the crate is given by

+ c ©Fy = 0; 2(625t2) - 400(9.81) = 0

A
t = 1.772 s

Equations of Motion: F = 625t2 N. By referring to Fig. a,

+ c ©Fy = may; 2 625t2 - 400(9.81) = 400a

a = (3.125t2 - 9.81) m>s2

Kinematics: The velocity of the crate can be obtained by integrating the kinematic
equation, dv = adt. For 1.772 s … t 6 2 s, v = 0 at t = 1.772 s will be used as the
lower integration limit. Thus,

L L
(+ c) dv = adt
v t

L0 L1.772 s
dv = 3.125t2 - 9.81 dt

t
v = 1.0417t3 - 9.81t
1.772 s
3
= 1.0417t - 9.81t + 11.587 m>s

When t = 2 s,

v = 1.0417(23) - 9.81(2) + 11.587 = 0.301 m>s Ans.

13–31.

The tractor is used to lift the 150-kg load B with the 24-m-
long rope, boom, and pulley system. If the tractor travels to
the right at a constant speed of 4 m> s, determine the tension
in the rope when sA = 5 m. When sA = 0, sB = 0.
12 m

SOLUTION sB
B
12 - sB + 2s2A + (12) = 24 2 A

- 12 # sA
-sB + s2A + 144 a sAsA b = 0

$ - 32 # 2 - 12 # - 12 $
-sB - s2A + 144 a sAsA b + s2A + 144 a s2A b + s2A + 144 asA sA b = 0

# # $
$ s2As2A s2A + sAsA
sB = - 3 - 1
s2A + 144 2 s2A + 144 2

(5)2(4)2 (4)2 + 0
aB = - 3 - 1 = 1.0487 m>s2
((5)2 + 144) 2 ((5)2 + 144)2

+ c ©Fy = may ; T - 150(9.81) = 150(1.0487)

T = 1.63 kN Ans.
*13–32.

The tractor is used to lift the 150-kg load B with the 24-m-
long rope, boom, and pulley system. If the tractor travels to
the right with an acceleration of 3 m>s2 and has a velocity of
4 m> s at the instant sA = 5 m, determine the tension in the
rope at this instant. When sA = 0, sB = 0. 12 m

SOLUTION sB
B
12 = sB + 2s2A + (12) = 24 2 A

1 2 sA
# - 32 #
-sB + s + 144 a2sA sA b = 0
2 A
$ - 32 # 2 - 12 # - 12 $
-sB - s2A + 144 asAsA b + s2A + 144 as2A b + s2A + 144 a sAsA b = 0

# # $
$ s2A s2A s2A + sA sA
sB = - 3 - 1
s2A + 144 2 s2A + 144 2

(5)2(4)2 (4)2 + (5)(3)

aB = - 3 - 1 = 2.2025 m>s2
((5)2 + 144) 2 ((5)2 + 144)2

+ c ©Fy = may ; T - 150(9.81) = 150(2.2025)

T = 1.80 kN Ans.
13–33.

Each of the three plates has a mass of 10 kg. If the 18 N D

coefficients of static and kinetic friction at each surface of
C 100 N
contact are ms = 0.3 and mk = 0.2, respectively, determine
the acceleration of each plate when the three horizontal 15 N B
forces are applied. A

SOLUTION
Plates B, C and D

:
+ ©F = 0;
x 100 - 15 - 18 - F = 0

F = 67 N

Fmax = 0.3(294.3) = 88.3 N 7 67 N

Plate B will not slip.

aB = 0 Ans.

Plates D and C

:
+ ©F = 0;
x 100 - 18 - F = 0

F = 82 N

Fmax = 0.3(196.2) = 58.86 N 6 82N

Slipping between B and C.

Assume no slipping between D and C,

:
+ ©F = ma ;
x x 100 - 39.24 - 18 = 20 ax

ax = 2.138 m>s2 :

Check slipping between D and C.

:
+ ©F = m a ;
x x F - 18 = 10(2.138)

F = 39.38 N

Fmax = 0.3(98.1) = 29.43 N 6 39.38 N

Slipping between D and C.

Plate C:

:
+ ©F = m a ;
x x 100 - 39.24 - 19.62 = 10 ac

ac = 4.11 m>s2 : Ans.

Plate D:

:
+ ©F = m a ;
x x 19.62 - 18 = 10 a D

a D = 0.162m>s2 : Ans.
13–34.

Each of the two blocks has a mass m. The coefficient of

kinetic friction at all surfaces of contact is m. If a horizontal
force P moves the bottom block, determine the acceleration B
of the bottom block in each case. P A

(a)
B
SOLUTION P A
Block A:

(a) ;
+ ©F = ma ; (b)
x x P - 3mmg = m a A

P
aA = -3mg Ans.
m

(b) sB + sA = l

a A = - aB (1)

Block A:

;
+ ©F = m a ;
x x P - T - 3mmg = m a A (2)

Block B:

;
+ ©F = ma ;
x x mmg - T = ma B (3)

Subtract Eq.(3) from Eq.(2):

P - 4mmg = m (a A - a B)

P
Use Eq.(1); aA = - 2mg Ans.
2m
13–35.

The conveyor belt is moving at 4 m>s. If the coefficient of B

static friction between the conveyor and the 10-kg package
B is ms = 0.2, determine the shortest time the belt can stop
so that the package does not slide on the belt.

SOLUTION
:
+ ©F = m a ;
x x 0.2198.12 = 10 a

a = 1.962 m>s2

1:
+ 2v = v + a t
0 c

4 = 0 + 1.962 t

t = 2.04 s Ans.
*13–36.

The 2-lb collar C fits loosely on the smooth shaft. If the 15 ft/s
spring is unstretched when s = 0 and the collar is given a s
velocity of 15 ft> s, determine the velocity of the collar when C
s = 1 ft.

1 ft

SOLUTION k 4 lb/ft

Fs = kx; Fs = 4 21 + s2 - 1

:
+ ©F = ma ; s 2 dv
x x -4 21 + s2 - 1 = a b av b
21 + s 2 32.2 ds
1 v

L0 L15
4s ds 2
- 4s ds - = a b v dv
21 + s2 32.2

1 1
- 2s2 - 431 + s2 0
= v2 - 152
32.2

v = 14.6 ft>s Ans.

13–37.

Cylinder B has a mass m and is hoisted using the cord and d/2 d/2
pulley system shown. Determine the magnitude of force F
as a function of the cylinder’s vertical position y so that F
when F is applied the cylinder rises with a constant y
acceleration aB. Neglect the mass of the cord, pulleys, hook
and chain.

SOLUTION
y aB B
+ c ©Fy = ma y ; 2F cos u - mg = ma B where cos u =
d 2
2y2 + 2

y
2F - mg = ma B
2 d 2
2y + 2

m(a B + g) 24y 2 + d 2
F = Ans.
4y
13–38.

The conveyor belt delivers each 12-kg crate to the ramp at vA 2.5 m/s
A such that the crate’s speed is vA = 2.5 m>s, directed down
along the ramp. If the coefficient of kinetic friction between A
each crate and the ramp is mk = 0.3, determine the speed at 3m
which each crate slides off the ramp at B. Assume that no
tipping occurs. Take u = 30°.
u B

SOLUTION
Q +©Fy = may; NC - 1219.812 cos 30° = 0

NC = 101.95 N

+ R©Fx = max ; 1219.812 sin 30° - 0.31101.952 = 12 aC

aC = 2.356 m>s2

(+ R) vB2 = vA
2
+ 2ac1sB - sA2

v2B = 12.522 + 212.356213 - 02

vB = 4.5152 = 4.52 m>s Ans.

13–39.

An electron of mass m is discharged with an initial y

horizontal velocity of v0. If it is subjected to two fields of
force for which Fx = F0 and Fy = 0.3F0, where F0 is
constant, determine the equation of the path, and the speed
of the electron at any time t. ++++++++++++++

++++++++++++++
SOLUTION v0
x
:
+ ©F = ma ;
x x F0 = max
+ c ©Fy = may; 0.3 F0 = may

Thus,
vx t

Lv0 L0 m
F0
dvx = dt

F0
vx = t + v0
m
vy t
0.3F0 0.3F0
L0 L0 m
dvy = dt vy = t
m

F0 2 0.3F0 2
v = a t + v0 b + a tb
C m m
1
= 21.09F20 t2 + 2F0tmv0 + m2v20 Ans.
m
x t

L0 L0
F0
dx = a t + v0 b dt
m
F0 t2
x = + v0 t
2m
y t
0.3F0
L0 L0 m
dy = t dt

0.3F0 t2
y =
2m
2m 1
t = a by 2
B 0.3F0
F0 2m 2m 1
x = a b y + v0 a by 2
2m 0.3F0 B 0.3F0

y 2m 1
x = + v0 a by2 Ans.
0.3 B 0.3F0
*13–40.

The engine of the van produces a constant driving traction v

force F at the wheels as it ascends the slope at a constant A
velocity v. Determine the acceleration of the van when it
F
passes point A and begins to travel on a level road, provided
that it maintains the same traction force. u

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagrams of the van up the slope and on the
level road are shown in Figs. a and b, respectively.

Equations of Motion: Since the van is travelling up the slope with a constant
velocity, its acceleration is a = 0. By referring to Fig. a,

©Fx¿ = max¿; F - mg sin u = m(0)

F = mg sin u

Since the van maintains the same tractive force F when it is on level road, from Fig. b,

:
+ ©F = ma ;
x x mg sin u = ma

a = g sin u Ans.
13–41.

The 2-kg collar C is free to slide along the smooth shaft AB. B
Determine the acceleration of collar C if (a) the shaft is
fixed from moving, (b) collar A, which is fixed to shaft AB,
moves downward at constant velocity along the vertical rod,
and (c) collar A is subjected to a downward acceleration of 45 C
2 m>s2. In all cases, the collar moves in the plane.
A

SOLUTION
(a) + b©Fx¿ = max¿ ; 219.812 sin 45° = 2aC aC = 6.94 m>s2

(b) From part (a) a C>A = 6.94 m>s2

a C = a A + a C>A Where aA = 0

= 6.94 m>s2

(c)

aC = aA + aC>A

= 2 + aC>A (1)
√T b

+ b©Fx¿ = max¿ ; 219.812 sin 45° = 212 cos 45°+aC>A2 aC>A = 5.5225 m>s2 b

From Eq.(1)

;
aC = 2 + 5.52 25 = 3.9 05 + 5.905
T b T

aC = 23.9052 + 5.9052 = 7.08 m>s2 Ans.

5.905
u = tan-1 = 56.5° ud Ans.
3.905
13–42.

The 2-kg collar C is free to slide along the smooth shaft AB. B
Determine the acceleration of collar C if collar A is
subjected to an upward acceleration of 4 m>s2.

45 C

SOLUTION
;
+ ©F = ma ;
x x N sin 45° = 2aC>AB sin 45°

N = 2 aC>AB

+ c ©Fy = may ; N cos 45° - 19.62 = 2142 - 2aC>AB cos 45°

aC>AB = 9.76514

aC = aAB + aC>AB

1aC)x = 0 + 9.76514 sin 45° = 6.905 ;

(aC)y = 4 - 9.76514 cos 45° = 2.905T

aC = 216.90522 + 12.90522 = 7.49 m>s2 Ans.

2.905
u = tan-1 a b = 22.8° ud Ans.
6.905
13–43.

The coefficient of static friction between the 200-kg crate

and the flat bed of the truck is ms = 0.3. Determine the
shortest time for the truck to reach a speed of 60 km> h,
starting from rest with constant acceleration, so that the
crate does not slip.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: When the crate accelerates with the truck, the frictional
force Ff develops. Since the crate is required to be on the verge of slipping,
Ff = msN = 0.3N.

Equations of Motion: Here, ay = 0. By referring to Fig. a,

+ c ©Fy = may; N - 200(9.81) = 200(0)

N = 1962 N

:
+ ©F = ma ;
x x -0.3(1962) = 200( -a)

a = 2.943 m>s2 ;

km 1000 m 1h
Kinematics: The final velocity of the truck is v = a 60 ba ba b =
h 1 km 3600 s
16.67 m>s. Since the acceleration of the truck is constant,

(;
+ ) v = v0 + ac t

16.67 = 0 + 2.943t

t = 5.66 s Ans.
*13–44.

When the blocks are released, determine their acceleration

and the tension of the cable. Neglect the mass of the pulley.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of blocks A and B are shown in Figs. b A
and c, respectively. Here, aA and aB are assumed to be directed downwards so that
10 kg
they are consistent with the positive sense of position coordinates sA and sB of
blocks A and B, Fig. a. Since the cable passes over the smooth pulleys, the tension in B
the cable remains constant throughout.
30 kg
Equations of Motion: By referring to Figs. b and c,

+ c ©Fy = may; 2T - 10(9.81) = -10aA (1)

and

+ c ©Fy = may; T - 30(9.81) = -30aB (2)

Kinematics: We can express the length of the cable in terms of sA and sB by referring
to Fig. a.

2sA + sB = l

The second derivative of the above equation gives

2aA + aB = 0 (3)

Solving Eqs. (1), (2), and (3) yields

aA = - 3.773 m>s2 = 3.77 m>s2 c aB = 7.546 m>s2 = 7.55 m>s2 T Ans.

T = 67.92 N = 67.9 N Ans.

13–45.

If the force exerted on cable AB by the motor is A B

F = (100t3>2) N, where t is in seconds, determine the 50-kg
crate’s velocity when t = 5 s. The coefficients of static and
kinetic friction between the crate and the ground are ms = 0.4
and mk = 0.3, respectively. Initially the crate is at rest.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The frictional force Ff is required to act to the left to oppose
the motion of the crate which is to the right.

Equations of Motion: Here, ay = 0. Thus,

+ c ©Fy = may; N - 50(9.81) = 50(0)

N = 490.5 N

Realizing that Ff = mkN = 0.3(490.5) = 147.15 N,

+ c ©Fx = max; 100t3>2 - 147.15 = 50a

a = 2t3>2 - 2.943 m>s

Equilibrium: For the crate to move, force F must overcome the static friction of
Ff = msN = 0.4(490.5) = 196.2 N. Thus, the time required to cause the crate to be
on the verge of moving can be obtained from.

:
+ ©F = 0;
x 100t3>2 - 196.2 = 0

t = 1.567 s

Kinematics: Using the result of a and integrating the kinematic equation dv = a dt

with the initial condition v = 0 at t = 1.567 as the lower integration limit,

(:
L L
+ ) dv = adt
v t

L0 L1.567 s
dv = 2t3>2 - 2.943 dt
t
v = 0.8t5>2 - 2.943t
1.567 s
v = 0.8t5>2 - 2.943t + 2.152 m>s

When t = 5 s,

v = 0.8(5)5>2 - 2.943(5) + 2.152 = 32.16 ft>s = 32.2 ft>s Ans.

13–46.

Blocks A and B each have a mass m. Determine the largest

horizontal force P which can be applied to B so that A will A
P
not move relative to B. All surfaces are smooth. u B

SOLUTION
Require

aA = aB = a

Block A:

+ c ©Fy = 0; N cos u - mg = 0

;
+ ©F = ma ;
x x N sin u = ma

a = g tan u

Block B:

;
+ ©F = ma ;
x x P - N sin u = ma

P - mg tan u = mg tan u

P = 2mg tan u Ans.

13–47.

Blocks A and B each have a mass m. Determine the largest

horizontal force P which can be applied to B so that A will A
P
not slip on B. The coefficient of static friction between A and u B
B is ms. Neglect any friction between B and C.
C

SOLUTION
Require

aA = aB = a

Block A:

+ c ©Fy = 0; N cos u - ms N sin u - mg = 0

;
+ ©F = ma ;
x x N sin u + ms N cos u = ma

mg
N =
cos u - ms sin u

sin u + ms cos u
a = ga b
cos u - ms sin u

Block B:

;
+ ©F = ma ;
x x P - ms N cos u - N sin u = ma

sin u + ms cos u sin u + ms cos u

P - mg a b = mga b
cos u - ms sin u cos u - ms sin u

sin u + ms cos u
P = 2mg a b Ans.
cos u - ms sin u
*13–48.

A parachutist having a mass m opens his parachute from an

at-rest position at a very high altitude. If the atmospheric FD
drag resistance is FD = kv2, where k is a constant,
determine his velocity when he has fallen for a time t. What
is his velocity when he lands on the ground? This velocity is
referred to as the terminal velocity, which is found by letting
the time of fall t : q . v

SOLUTION
dv
+ T ©Fz = m az ; mg - kv2 = m
dt
v t

L0 1mg - kv 2 L0
m dv
m 2 = dt

k L0 mg
m dv
= t
2
- v
k

mg v
+ v
m 1 A k
ln = t
k mg mg
2 - v
A k A k 0

mg
+ v
k mg A k
t2 = ln
m A k mg
- v
A k

mg
+ v
e 2t2mg
k A k
=
mg
- v
A k
mg
mg e 2t2 k - v e2t2mgk mg
= + v
A k A k
mg
2t2 k
mg e - 1 Ans.
v =
A k mg
e 2t2 k + 1

When t : q
mg
vt = Ans.
A k
13–49.

The smooth block B of negligible size has a mass m and

rests on the horizontal plane. If the board AC pushes on the
a0
block at an angle u with a constant acceleration a0,
determine the velocity of the block along the board and the C
distance s the block moves along the board as a function of
time t. The block starts from rest when s = 0, t = 0. A B
s

SOLUTION

Q+ ©Fx = m ax; 0 = m aB sin f

aB = aAC + aB>AC

aB = a0 + aB>AC

Q+ aB sin f = -a0 sin u + aB>AC

Thus,

0 = m( -a0 sin u + aB>AC)

aB>AC = a0 sin u
vB>AC t

L0 L0
dvB>AC = a0 sin u dt

vB>AC = a0 sin u t Ans.

t

L0
sB>AC = s = a0 sin u t dt

1
s = a sin u t2 Ans.
2 0
13–50.

A projectile of mass m is fired into a liquid at an angle u0 y

with an initial velocity v0 as shown. If the liquid develops a
frictional or drag resistance on the projectile which is
proportional to its velocity, i.e., F = kv, where k is a
constant, determine the x and y components of its position
at any instant. Also, what is the maximum distance xmax that v0
it travels?
0
O x
SOLUTION
:
+ ©F = ma ;
x x -kv cos u = m ax

+ c ©Fy = m ay ; -m g - k v sin u = m ay

or

dx d2x
-k = m 2
dt dt

dy d2y
-m g - k = m 2
dt dt

Integrating yields

# -k
In x = t + C1
m

# mg k
In (y + ) = t + C2
k m
# #
When t = 0, x = v0 cos u0, y = v0 sin u0
#
x = v0 cos u0 e-(k>m)t

# mg mg -(k>m)t
y = - + (v0 sin u0 + )e
k k

Integrating again,

- m v0
x = cos u0 e-(k>m)t + C3
k

mg mg m -(k>m)t
y = - t - (v0 sin u0 + )( )e
k k k

When t = 0, x = y = 0, thus

m v0
x = cos u0(1 - e-(k>m)t) Ans.
k

mgt m mg
y = - + (v0 sin u0 + )(1 - e-(k>m)t) Ans.
k k k

As t : q

m v0 cos u0
xmax = Ans.
k
13–51.

The block A has a mass mA and rests on the pan B, which

A
has a mass mB . Both are supported by a spring having a
B
stiffness k that is attached to the bottom of the pan and to
the ground. Determine the distance d the pan should be y d
k
pushed down from the equilibrium position and then
released from rest so that separation of the block will take
place from the surface of the pan at the instant the spring
becomes unstretched.

SOLUTION
For Equilibrium

+ c ©Fy = may; Fs = (mA + mB)g

Fs (mA + mB)g
yeq = =
k k
Block:

+ c ©Fy = may ; -mA g + N = mA a

Block and pan

+ c ©Fy = may; -(mA + mB)g + k(yeq + y) = (mA + mB)a

Thus,

mA + mB -mAg + N
-(mA + mB)g + k c a b g + y d = (mA + mB) a b
k mA

Require y = d, N = 0

kd = -(mA + mB)g

Since d is downward,

(mA + mB)g
d = Ans.
k
*13–52.

A girl, having a mass of 15 kg, sits motionless relative to the z

surface of a horizontal platform at a distance of r = 5 m from
the platform’s center. If the angular motion of the platform is
slowly increased so that the girl’s tangential component of
acceleration can be neglected, determine the maximum speed 5m
which the girl will have before she begins to slip off the
platform. The coefficient of static friction between the girl and
the platform is m = 0.2.

SOLUTION
Equation of Motion: Since the girl is on the verge of slipping, Ff = msN = 0.2N.
Applying Eq. 13–8, we have

©Fb = 0 ; N - 15(9.81) = 0 N = 147.15 N

v2
©Fn = man ; 0.2(147.15) = 15a b
5

v = 3.13 m>s Ans.

13–53.

The 2-kg block B and 15-kg cylinder A are connected to a r

light cord that passes through a hole in the center of the
smooth table. If the block is given a speed of v = 10 m>s,
determine the radius r of the circular path along which it
travels. B
v

SOLUTION
A
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of block B is shown in Fig. (a). The
tension in the cord is equal to the weight of cylinder A, i.e.,
T = 15(9.81) N = 147.15 N. Here, an must be directed towards the center of the
circular path (positive n axis).

v2 102
Equations of Motion: Realizing that an = = and referring to Fig. (a),
r r

102
©Fn = man; 147.15 = 2 a b
r

r = 1.36 m Ans.
13–54.

The 2-kg block B and 15-kg cylinder A are connected to a r

light cord that passes through a hole in the center of the
smooth table. If the block travels along a circular path of
radius r = 1.5 m, determine the speed of the block.
B
v

SOLUTION
A
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of block B is shown in Fig. (a). The
tension in the cord is equal to the weight of cylinder A, i.e.,
T = 15(9.81) N = 147.15 N. Here, an must be directed towards the center of the
circular path (positive n axis).

v2 v2
Equations of Motion: Realizing that an = = and referring to Fig. (a),
r 1.5
2
v
©Fn = man; 147.15 = 2a b
1.5

v = 10.5 m>s Ans.

13–55.

The 5-kg collar A is sliding around a smooth vertical guide P

v 4 m/s
rod. At the instant shown, the speed of the collar is
30
v = 4 m>s, which is increasing at 3 m>s 2. Determine the
normal reaction of the guide rod on the collar, and force P A
at this instant.
0.5 m

SOLUTION
:
+ ©F = ma ;
t t P cos 30° = 5(3)

P = 17.32 N = 17.3 N Ans.

42
+ T ©Fn = man; N + 5 9.81 - 17.32 sin 30° = 5a b
0.5

N = 119.61 N = 120 N T Ans.

*13–56.

Cartons having a mass of 5 kg are required to move along

the assembly line at a constant speed of 8 m/s. Determine 8 m/s
the smallest radius of curvature, r, for the conveyor so the
cartons do not slip. The coefficients of static and kinetic
friction between a carton and the conveyor are ms = 0.7 and
mk = 0.5, respectively.

SOLUTION
+ c ©Fb = m ab ; N - W = 0

N = W

Fx = 0.7W

W 82
;
+ ©F = m a ;
n n 0.7W = ( )
9.81 r

r = 9.32 m Ans.
13–57.

The block B, having a mass of 0.2 kg, is attached to the z

vertex A of the right circular cone using a light cord. If the
block has a speed of 0.5 m>s around the cone, determine
A
the tension in the cord and the reaction which the cone 200 mm
exerts on the block and the effect of friction.

B 400 mm

SOLUTION
r 300 300 mm
= ; r = 120 mm = 0.120 m
200 500

4 (0.5)2 3
+ Q©Fy = may; T - 0.2(9.81) a b = 0.2 a b
5 0.120 5

T = 1.82 N Ans.

3 (0.5)2 4
+ a©Fx = max; NB - 0.2(9.81)a b = - 0.2 a b
5 0.120 5

NB = 0.844 N Ans.

Also,

(0.5)2
:
+ ©F = ma ; 3 4
n n T a b - NB a b = 0.2 a b
5 5 0.120

4 3
+ c ©Fb = 0; T a b + NB a b - 0.2(9.81) = 0
5 5

T = 1.82 N Ans.

NB = 0.844 N Ans.
13–58.

The 2-kg spool S fits loosely on the inclined rod for which the z
coefficient of static friction is ms = 0.2. If the spool is located
5
0.25 m from A, determine the minimum constant speed the 3

spool can have so that it does not slip down the rod. 4

S
0.25 m

A
SOLUTION
4
r = 0.25a b = 0.2 m
5

v2
;
+ ©F = m a ; 3 4
n n Ns a b - 0.2Ns a b = 2a b
5 5 0.2

4 3
+ c ©Fb = m ab; Ns a b + 0.2Ns a b - 2(9.81) = 0
5 5

Ns = 21.3 N

v = 0.969 m>s Ans.

13–59.

The 2-kg spool S fits loosely on the inclined rod for which z
the coefficient of static friction is ms = 0.2. If the spool is 5
3
located 0.25 m from A, determine the maximum constant
4
speed the spool can have so that it does not slip up the rod.
S
0.25 m

A
SOLUTION
4
r = 0.25( ) = 0.2 m
5

v2
;
+ ©F = m a ; 3 4
n n Ns( ) + 0.2Ns( ) = 2( )
5 5 0.2

4 3
+ c ©Fb = m ab ; Ns( ) - 0.2Ns( ) - 2(9.81) = 0
5 5

Ns = 28.85 N

v = 1.48 m s Ans.
*13–60.

At the instant u = 60°, the boy’s center of mass G has a

downward speed vG = 15 ft>s. Determine the rate of u
increase in his speed and the tension in each of the two
supporting cords of the swing at this instant. The boy has a
weight of 60 lb. Neglect his size and the mass of the seat 10 ft
and cords.

SOLUTION G
60
+ R©Ft = mat ; 60 cos 60° = a at = 16.1 ft>s2 Ans.
32.2 t

60 152
Q+ ©Fn = man ; 2T - 60 sin 60° = a b T = 46.9 lb Ans.
32.2 10
13–61.

At the instant u = 60°, the boy’s center of mass G is

momentarily at rest. Determine his speed and the tension in u
each of the two supporting cords of the swing when
u = 90°. The boy has a weight of 60 lb. Neglect his size and
the mass of the seat and cords. 10 ft

SOLUTION
G
60
+ R© t = mat; 60 cos u = at at = 32.2 cos u
32.2

60 v2
Q+ ©Fn = man; 2T - 60 sin u = a b (1)
32.2 10
v dn = a ds however ds = 10du
v 90°

L0 L60°
v dn = 322 cos u du

v = 9.289 ft>s Ans.

From Eq. (1)

60 9.2892
2T - 60 sin 90° = a b T = 38.0 lb Ans.
32.2 10
13–62.

The 10-lb suitcase slides down the curved ramp for which the 1 x2
y = –– y
coefficient of kinetic friction is mk = 0.2. If at the instant it 8
reaches point A it has a speed of 5 ft>s, determine the normal
force on the suitcase and the rate of increase of its speed. 6 ft

SOLUTION x

1 2
n = x
8

dy 1
= tan u = x = -1.5 u = - 56.31°
dx 4 x= -6

d2y 1
=
dx2 4
3
dy 2 2
1 + a b 3
dx 1 + (-1.5)2 2

r = = = 23.436 ft
d2y 1
dx2 4
10 (5)2
+ Q©Fn = man ; N - 10 cos 56.31° = a b
32.2 23.436

N = 5.8783 = 5.88 lb Ans.

10
+ R©Ft = mat; -0.2(5.8783) + 10 sin 56.31° = a
32.2 t

at = 23.0 ft s2 Ans.
13–63.

The 150-lb man lies against the cushion for which the z
coefficient of static friction is ms = 0.5. Determine the
resultant normal and frictional forces the cushion exerts on
him if, due to rotation about the z axis, he has a constant
speed v = 20 ft>s. Neglect the size of the man.Take u = 60°.
8 ft
G

SOLUTION
u
+ a a Fy = m1an2y ;
150 202
N - 150 cos 60° = a b sin 60°
32.2 8

N = 277 lb Ans.

+ b a Fx = m1an2x ;
150 202
- F + 150 sin 60° = a b cos 60°
32.2 8

F = 13.4 lb Ans.

Note: No slipping occurs

Since ms N = 138.4 lb 7 13.4 lb

*13–64.

The 150-lb man lies against the cushion for which the z
coefficient of static friction is ms = 0.5. If he rotates about
the z axis with a constant speed v = 30 ft>s, determine the
smallest angle u of the cushion at which he will begin to
slip off.
8 ft
G

SOLUTION
2 u
150 1302
;
+ ©F = ma ;
n n 0.5N cos u + N sin u = a b
32.2 8

+ c ©Fb = 0; - 150 + N cos u - 0.5 N sin u = 0

150
N =
cos u - 0.5 sin u
2
10.5 cos u + sin u2150 150 1302
= a b
1cos u - 0.5 sin u2 32.2 8

0.5 cos u + sin u = 3.49378 cos u - 1.74689 sin u

u = 47.5° Ans.
13–65.

Determine the constant speed of the passengers on the

4m
amusement-park ride if it is observed that the supporting
cables are directed at u = 30° from the vertical. Each chair
including its passenger has a mass of 80 kg. Also, what are
the components of force in the n, t, and b directions which
the chair exerts on a 50-kg passenger during the motion? 6m
b

u
t
SOLUTION
n
v2
;
+ ©F = m a ;
n n T sin 30° = 80( )
4 + 6 sin 30°

+ c ©Fb = 0; T cos 30° - 8019.812 = 0

T = 906.2 N

v = 6.30 m>s Ans.

16.3022
©Fn = m an ; Fn = 50( ) = 283 N Ans.
7
©Ft = m at; Ft = 0 Ans.

©Fb = m ab ; Fb - 490.5 = 0

Fb = 490 N Ans.
13–66.

The man has a mass of 80 kg and sits 3 m from the center of

the rotating platform. Due to the rotation his speed is
#
increased from rest by v = 0.4 m>s2. If the coefficient of
static friction between his clothes and the platform is 3m
ms = 0.3, determine the time required to cause him to slip. 10 m

SOLUTION
©Ft = m at ; Ft = 80(0.4)

Ft = 32 N

v2
©Fn = m an ; Fn = (80)
3

F = ms Nm = 2(Ft)2 + (Fn)2

2
0.3(80)(9.81) = (32)2 + ((80) v )2
A 3

v4
55 432 = 1024 + (6400)( )
9

v = 2.9575 m>s

dv
at = = 0.4
dt
v t

L0 L0
dv = 0.4 dt

v = 0.4 t

2.9575 = 0.4 t

t = 7.39 s Ans.
13–67.

The vehicle is designed to combine the feel of a motorcycle

with the comfort and safety of an automobile. If the vehicle
u
is traveling at a constant speed of 80 km> h along a circular
curved road of radius 100 m, determine the tilt angle u of
the vehicle so that only a normal force from the seat acts on
the driver. Neglect the size of the driver.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of the passenger is shown in Fig. (a).
Here, an must be directed towards the center of the circular path (positive n axis).

km 1000 m 1h
Equations of Motion: The speed of the passenger is v = a 80 ba ba b
h 1 km 3600 s
= 22.22 m>s. Thus, the normal component of the passenger’s acceleration is given by
v2 22.222
an = = = 4.938 m>s2. By referring to Fig. (a),
r 100

9.81m
+ c ©Fb = 0; N cos u - m(9.81) = 0 N =
cos u

;
+ ©F = ma ; 9.81m
n n sin u = m(4.938)
cos u

u = 26.7° Ans.
*13–68.

The 0.8-Mg car travels over the hill having the shape of a y
parabola. If the driver maintains a constant speed of 9 m> s,
determine both the resultant normal force and the
resultant frictional force that all the wheels of the car exert
on the road at the instant it reaches point A. Neglect the y 20 (1 x2 )
6400
size of the car.

A
x
SOLUTION
80 m
dy d2y
Geometry: Here, = -0.00625x and 2 = - 0.00625. The slope angle u at point
dx dx
A is given by

dy
tan u = = -0.00625(80) u = - 26.57°
dx x = 80 m

and the radius of curvature at point A is

[1 + (dy>dx)2]3>2 [1 + (-0.00625x)2]3>2
r = 2 2 = = 223.61 m
|d y>dx | |-0.00625| x = 80 m

Equations of Motion: Here, at = 0. Applying Eq. 13–8 with u = 26.57° and

r = 223.61 m, we have

©Ft = mat; 800(9.81) sin 26.57° - Ff = 800(0)

Ff = 3509.73 N = 3.51 kN Ans.

92
©Fn = man; 800(9.81) cos 26.57° - N = 800a b
223.61

N = 6729.67 N = 6.73 kN Ans.

13–69.

The 0.8-Mg car travels over the hill having the shape of a y
parabola. When the car is at point A, it is traveling at 9 m> s
and increasing its speed at 3 m>s2. Determine both the
resultant normal force and the resultant frictional force that
all the wheels of the car exert on the road at this instant. y 20 (1 x2 )
6400
Neglect the size of the car.

A
x
SOLUTION
80 m
dy d2y
Geometry: Here, = - 0.00625x and 2 = - 0.00625. The slope angle u at point
dx dx
A is given by

dy
tan u = = -0.00625(80) u = -26.57°
dx x = 80 m

and the radius of curvature at point A is

1 + (dy>dx)2 3>2
1 + ( -0.00625x)2 3>2
r = = = 223.61 m
|d2y>dx2| | -0.00625| x = 80 m

Equation of Motion: Applying Eq. 13–8 with u = 26.57° and r = 223.61 m, we have

©Ft = mat; 800(9.81) sin 26.57° - Ff = 800(3)

Ff = 1109.73 N = 1.11 kN Ans.

92
©Fn = man; 800(9.81) cos 26.57° - N = 800 a
223.61

N = 6729.67 N = 6.73 kN Ans.

13–70.

The package has a weight of 5 lb and slides down the chute.

When it reaches the curved portion AB, it is traveling at 45°
8 ft>s 1u = 0°2. If the chute is smooth, determine the speed 8 ft/s
of the package when it reaches the intermediate point = 30° 45°
C 1u = 30°2 and when it reaches the horizontal plane
20 ft
1u = 45°2. Also, find the normal force on the package at C.
A

C
SOLUTION B

5
+ b ©Ft = mat ; 5 cos f = at
32.2

at = 32.2 cos f

5 v2
+ a©Fn = man ; N - 5 sin f = ( )
32.2 20

v dv = at ds
v f

Lg L45°
v dv = 32.2 cos f (20 df)

1 2 1
v - (8)2 = 644 (sin f - sin 45°)
2 2

At f = 45° + 30° = 75°,

vC = 19.933 ft>s = 19.9 ft>s Ans.

NC = 7.91 lb Ans.

At f = 45° + 45° = 90°

vB = 21.0 ft s Ans.
13–71.

If the ball has a mass of 30 kg and a speed v = 4 m>s at the

instant it is at its lowest point, u = 0°, determine the tension
in the cord at this instant. Also, determine the angle u to
which the ball swings and momentarily stops. Neglect the u
size of the ball.
4m

SOLUTION
(4)2
+ c ©Fn = man; T - 30(9.81) = 30 a b
4

T = 414 N Ans.

+ Q©Ft = mat; -30(9.81) sin u = 30at

at = - 9.81 sin u

at ds = v dv Since ds = 4 du, then

u 0

L0 L4
-9.81 sin u(4 du) = v dv

1
9.81(4)cos u u
0 = - (4)2
2

39.24(cos u - 1) = -8

u = 37.2° Ans.
*13–72.

The ball has a mass of 30 kg and a speed v = 4 m>s at the

instant it is at its lowest point, u = 0°. Determine the tension
in the cord and the rate at which the ball’s speed is decreasing
at the instant u = 20°. Neglect the size of the ball. u

4m

SOLUTION
v2
+ a©Fn = man; T - 30(9.81) cos u = 30a b
4

+ Q©Ft = mat; -30(9.81) sin u = 30at

at = -9.81 sin u

at ds = v dv Since ds = 4 du, then

u v

L0 L4
-9.81 sin u (4 du) = v dv

u
1 1
9.81(4) cos u = (v)2 - (4)2
0 2 2

1 2
39.24(cos u - 1) + 8 = v
2

At u = 20°

v = 3.357 m>s

at = -3.36 m>s2 = 3.36 m>s2 b Ans.

T = 361 N Ans.
13–73.

Determine the maximum speed at which the car with mass

m can pass over the top point A of the vertical curved road
and still maintain contact with the road. If the car maintains
this speed, what is the normal reaction the road exerts on
the car when it passes the lowest point B on the road? r r
A

B
r r
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of the car at the top and bottom of the
vertical curved road are shown in Figs. (a) and (b), respectively. Here, an must be
directed towards the center of curvature of the vertical curved road (positive n axis).

Equations of Motion: When the car is on top of the vertical curved road, it is
required that its tires are about to lose contact with the road surface. Thus, N = 0.
v2 v2
Realizing that an = = and referring to Fig. (a),
r r

v2
+ T ©Fn = man; mg = m v = 2gr Ans.
r

Using the result of v, the normal component of car acceleration is

v2 gr
an = = = g when it is at the lowest point on the road. By referring to Fig. (b),
r r

+ c ©Fn = man; N - mg = mg

N = 2mg Ans.
13–74.

If the crest of the hill has a radius of curvature r = 200 ft, v

determine the maximum constant speed at which the car
can travel over it without leaving the surface of the road.
Neglect the size of the car in the calculation. The car has a r 200 ft
weight of 3500 lb.

SOLUTION
3500 v2
T ©Fn = man; 3500 = a b
32.2 200

v = 80.2 ft>s Ans.

13–75.

Bobs A and B of mass mA and mB (mA 7 mB) are

connected to an inextensible light string of length l that
C
passes through the smooth ring at C. If bob B moves as a
conical pendulum such that A is suspended a distance of h
from C, determine the angle u and the speed of bob B. u
h
Neglect the size of both bobs.

SOLUTION A
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of bob B is shown in Fig. a. The tension B
developed in the string is equal to the weight of bob A, i.e., T = mAg. Here, an must
be directed towards the center of the horizontal circular path (positive n axis).

Equations of Motion: The radius of the horizontal circular path is r = (l - h) sin u.

v2 vB2
Thus, an = = . By referring to Fig. a,
r (l - h) sin u
+ c ©Fb = 0; mAg cos u - mBg = 0

mB
u = cos - 1 a b Ans.
mA

vB 2
;
+ ©F = ma ;
n n mAg sin u = mB c d
(l - h) sin u

mAg(l - h)
vB = sin u (1)
B mB
2mA2 - mB2
From Fig. b, sin u = . Substituting this value into Eq. (1),
mA

mAg(l - h) 3mA2 - mB2

vB =
B mB mA

g(l - h)(mA2 - mB2)

= Ans.
B mAmB
*13–76.

Prove that if the block is released from rest at point B of a

B
smooth path of arbitrary shape, the speed it attains when it
reaches point A is equal to the speed it attains when it falls
freely through a distance h; i.e., v = 22gh. h

SOLUTION
+ R©Ft = mat; mg sin u = mat at = g sin u

v dv = at ds = g sin u ds However dy = ds sin u

v h

L0 L0
v dv = g dy

v2
= gh
2

v = 22gh Q.E.D.
13–77.

The skier starts from rest at A(10 m, 0) and descends the y

smooth slope, which may be approximated by a parabola.
If she has a mass of 52 kg, determine the normal force the 10 m 1 2
y –– x 5
ground exerts on the skier at the instant she arrives at 20
A
point B. Neglect the size of the skier. Hint: Use the result of x
Prob. 13–76.
5m
B

SOLUTION
dy 1 d2y 1
Geometry: Here, = x and 2 = . The slope angle u at point B is given by
dx 10 dx 10

dy
tan u = = 0 u = 0°
dx x=0 m

and the radius of curvature at point B is

2 3>2
1
2 3>2 c1 + a xb d
1 + (dy>dx) 10
r = = = 10.0 m
|d2y>dx2| |1>10|
x=0 m
Equations of Motion:

+ b©Ft = mat; 52(9.81) sin u = - 52at at = -9.81 sin u

y2
+ a©Fn = man; N - 52(9.81) cos u = m a b (1)
r

Kinematics: The speed of the skier can be determined using v dv = at ds. Here, at
must be in the direction of positive ds. Also, ds = 21 + (dy>dx)2dx
1 2
= 21 + 100 x dx

1 x
Here, tan u = x. Then, sin u = .
10 1021 + 1 2
100 x
v 0

L0 L10 m 1021 +
x 1 2
(+ ) v dv = -9.81 21 + 100 x dx
1 2
100x

v2 = 9.81 m2>s2

Substituting v2 = 98.1 m2>s2, u = 0°, and r = 10.0 m into Eq.(1) yields

98.1
N - 52(9.81) cos 0° = 52a b
10.0

N = 1020.24 N = 1.02 kN Ans.

13–78.

A spring, having an unstretched length of 2 ft, has one end 6 in.

attached to the 10-lb ball. Determine the angle u of the
spring if the ball has a speed of 6 ft> s tangent to the
horizontal circular path.
A

u k 20 lb>ft

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of the bob is shown in Fig. (a). If we
denote the stretched length of the spring as l, then using the springforce formula,
Fsp = ks = 20(l - 2) lb. Here, an must be directed towards the center of the
horizontal circular path (positive n axis).

Equations of Motion: The radius of the horizontal circular path is r = 0.5 + l sin u.
v2 62
Since an = = , by referring to Fig. (a),
r 0.5 + l sin u

+ c ©Fb = 0; 20(l - 2) cos u - 10 = 0 (1)

62
;
+ ©F = ma ; 10
n n 20(l - 2) sin u = a b (2)
32.2 0.5 + l sin u

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

u = 31.26° = 31.3° Ans.

l = 2.585 ft Ans.
13–79.

The airplane, traveling at a constant speed of 50 m>s, is u

executing a horizontal turn. If the plane is banked at
u = 15°, when the pilot experiences only a normal force on
the seat of the plane, determine the radius of curvature r of r
the turn. Also, what is the normal force of the seat on the
pilot if he has a mass of 70 kg.

SOLUTION

+ c a Fb = mab; NP sin 15° - 7019.812 = 0

NP = 2.65 kN Ans.

a Fn = man;
502
;
+ NP cos 15° = 70a b
r

r = 68.3 m Ans.
*13–80.

A 5-Mg airplane is flying at a constant speed of L

350 km > h along a horizontal circular path of radius
u
r = 3000 m . Determine the uplift force L acting on the
airplane and the banking angle u. Neglect the size of the
airplane. r

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of the airplane is shown in Fig. (a).
Here, an must be directed towards the center of curvature (positive n axis).

km 1000 m 1h
Equations of Motion: The speed of the airplane is v = 350
h 1 km 3600 s
v2 97.222
= 97.22 m>s. Realizing that an = = = 3.151 m>s2 and referring to Fig. (a),
r 3000

+ c ©Fb = 0; T cos u - 5000(9.81) = 0 (1)

;
+ ©F = ma ;
n n T sin u = 5000(3.151) (2)

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

u = 17.8° T = 51517.75 = 51.5 kN Ans.

13–81.

A 5-Mg airplane is flying at a constant speed of L

350 km> h along a horizontal circular path. If the banking
u
angle u = 15°, determine the uplift force L acting on the
airplane and the radius r of the circular path. Neglect the
size of the airplane. r

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of the airplane is shown in Fig. (a).
Here, an must be directed towards the center of curvature (positive n axis).

km 1000 m 1h
Equations of Motion: The speed of the airplane is v = a350 ba ba b
h 1 km 3600 s
v2 97.222
= 97.22 m>s. Realizing that an = = and referring to Fig. (a),
r r

+ c ©Fb = 0; L cos 15° - 5000(9.81) = 0

L = 50780.30 N = 50.8 kN Ans.

97.222
;
+ ©F = ma ;
n n 50780.30 sin 15° = 5000
r

r = 3595.92 m = 3.60 km Ans.

13–82.

The 800-kg motorbike travels with a constant speed of y

80 km > h up the hill. Determine the normal force the
surface exerts on its wheels when it reaches point A. A
Neglect its size. y2 2x

100 m

SOLUTION
dy 22 d2y 22
Geometry: Here, y = 22x1>2. Thus, = 1>2
and 2 = - 3>2 . The angle that
dx 2x dx 4x
the hill slope at A makes with the horizontal is
dy 22
u = tan - 1 a b = tan - 1 = 4.045°
dx x = 100 m 2x1>2 x = 100 m

The radius of curvature of the hill at A is given by

2 3>2
dy 2 3>2 22
1 + a b 1 + a 1>2
b
dx 2(100 )
rA = 2
= = 2849.67 m
dy 22
-
dx2 4(1003>2)
x = 100 m

Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of the motorcycle is shown in Fig. (a).
Here, an must be directed towards the center of curvature (positive n axis).

Equations of Motion: The speed of the motorcycle is

km 1000 m 1h
v = a80 ba ba b = 22.22 m>s
h 1 km 3600 s
v2 22.222
Thus, an = = = 0.1733 m>s2. By referring to Fig. (a),
rA 2849.67
R + ©Fn = man; 800(9.81)cos 4.045° - N = 800(0.1733)

N = 7689.82 N = 7.69 kN Ans.

13–83.

The ball has a mass m and is attached to the cord of length l.

The cord is tied at the top to a swivel and the ball is given a O
velocity v0. Show that the angle u which the cord makes with
the vertical as the ball travels around the circular path
must satisfy the equation tan u sin u = v20>gl. Neglect air
resistance and the size of the ball. u

SOLUTION
v20
:
+ ©F = ma ;
n n T sin u = ma b
r

+ c ©Fb = 0; T cos u - mg = 0
v0
mv20
Since r = l sin u T =
l sin2 u

mv20 cos u
a b a 2 b = mg
l sin u

v20
tan u sin u = Q.E.D.
gl
*13–84.

The 5-lb collar slides on the smooth rod, so that when it is at y

A it has a speed of 10 ft> s. If the spring to which it is
attached has an unstretched length of 3 ft and a stiffness of 10 ft/s
k = 10 lb>ft, determine the normal force on the collar and A
the acceleration of the collar at this instant. y 8 1 x2
––
2

SOLUTION
1 2
y = 8 - x
2
O x
dy
- = tan u = x = 2 u = 63.435°
dx x=2
2 ft
d2y
= -1
dx2
3
dy 2 2
1 + a b 3
dx (1 + (-2)2)2
r = = = 11.18 ft
d2y |-1|
dx2
1
y = 8 - (2)2 = 6
2

OA = 2(2)2 + (6)2 = 6.3246

Fs = kx = 10(6.3246 - 3) = 33.246 lb

6
tan f = ; f = 71.565°
2

5 (10)2
+ b©Fn = man; 5 cos 63.435° - N + 33.246 cos 45.0° = a ba b
32.2 11.18

N = 24.4 lb Ans.

5
+ R©Ft = mat; 5 sin 63.435° + 33.246 sin 45.0° = a ba
32.2 t

at = 180.2 ft>s2

v2 (10)2
an = = = 8.9443 ft>s2
r 11.18

a = 2(180.2)2 + (8.9443)2

a = 180 ft>s2 Ans.

13–85.

The spring-held follower AB has a weight of 0.75 lb and

moves back and forth as its end rolls on the contoured
surface of the cam, where r = 0.2 ft and z = 10.1 sin u2 ft. If
the cam is rotating at a constant rate of 6 rad>s, determine
the force at the end A of the follower when u = 90°. In this
position the spring is compressed 0.4 ft. Neglect friction at
the bearing C.

SOLUTION
z = 0.1 sin 2u
# #
z = 0.2 cos 2uu
$ # $
z = -0.4 sin 2uu2 + 0.2 cos 2uu
#
u = 6 rad>s
##
u = 0
$
z = -14.4 sin 2u

a Fz = maz;
$
FA - 12(z + 0.3) = mz

0.75
FA - 12(0.1 sin 2u + 0.3) = (-14.4 sin 2u)
32.2

For u = 45°,

0.75
FA - 12(0.4) = (-14.4)
32.2

FA = 4.46 lb Ans.
13–86.

Determine the magnitude of the resultant force acting on a

5-kg particle at the instant t = 2 s, if the particle is moving
along a horizontal path defined by the equations
r = (2t + 10) m and u = (1.5t2 - 6t) rad, where t is in
seconds.

SOLUTION
r = 2t + 10|t = 2 s = 14
#
r = 2
$
r = 0

u = 1.5t2 - 6t
#
u = 3t - 6 t = 2 s = 0
$
u = 3
$ #
ar = r - ru2 = 0 - 0 = 0
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 14(3) + 0 = 42

Hence,

©Fr = mar; Fr = 5(0) = 0

©Fu = mau; Fu = 5(42) = 210 N

F = 2(Fr)2 + (Fu)2 = 210 N Ans.

13–87.

The path of motion of a 5-lb particle in the horizontal plane

is described in terms of polar coordinates as r = (2t + 1) ft
and u = (0.5t2 - t) rad, where t is in seconds. Determine
the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the particle
when t = 2 s.

SOLUTION
# $
r = 2t + 1|t = 2 s = 5 ft r = 2 ft>s r = 0
# $
u = 0.5t2 - t|t = 2 s= 0 rad u = t - 1|t = 2 s = 1 rad>s u = 1 rad>s2
$ #
ar = r - ru2 = 0 - 5(1)2 = - 5 ft>s2
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 5(1) + 2(2)(1) = 9 ft>s2

5
©Fr = mar; Fr = ( -5) = - 0.7764 lb
32.2

5
©Fu = mau; Fu = (9) = 1.398 lb
32.2

F = 2F2r + F2u = 2(-0.7764)2 + (1.398)2 = 1.60 lb Ans.

*13–88.

A particle, having a mass of 1.5 kg, moves along a path

defined by the equations r = 14 + 3t2 m, u = 1t2 + 22 rad,
and z = 16 - t32 m, where t is in seconds. Determine the r,
u, and z components of force which the path exerts on the
particle when t = 2 s.

SOLUTION
# $
r = 4 + 3t| t = 2 s = 10 m r = 3 m>s r = 0
# $
u = t2 + 2 u = 2t| t = 2 s = 4 rad>s u = 2 rad>s2
# ##
z = 6 - t3 z = -3t2 z = -6t| t = 2 s = - 12 m>s2
## #
ar = r - r u 2 = 0-10(4)2 = -160 m>s2
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 10(2) + 2(3)(4) = 44 m>s2
##
az = z = - 12 m>s2

©Fr = mar; Fr = 1.5(- 160) = - 240 N Ans.

©Fu = mau; Fu = 1.5(44) = 66 N Ans.

©Fz = maz; Fz - 1.5(9.81) = 1.5(-12) Fz = -3.28 N Ans.

13–89.

Rod OA rotates# counterclockwise with a constant angular

velocity of u = 5 rad>s. The double collar B is pin- A
connected together such that one collar slides over the
rotating rod and the other slides over the horizontal curved
B
rod, of which the shape is described by the equation
r = 1.512 - cos u2 ft. If both collars weigh 0.75 lb,
r
determine the normal force which the curved rod exerts on
one collar at the instant u = 120°. Neglect friction.

SOLUTION O
·
# $ = 5 rad/s
Kinematic: Here, u = 5 rad>s and u = 0. Taking the required time derivatives at
u = 120°, we have
r = 1.5 (2 – cos ) ft.
r = 1.5(2 - cos u)|u = 120° = 3.75 ft
# #
r = 1.5 sin uu|u = 120° = 6.495 ft>s
$ $ #
r = 1.5(sin uu + cos uu 2)|u = 120° = - 18.75 ft>s2

Applying Eqs. 12–29, we have

$ #
ar = r - ru2 = - 18.75 - 3.75(52) = - 112.5 ft>s2
$ # #
au = r u + 2r u = 3.75(0) + 2(6.495)(5) = 64.952 ft>s2

Equation of Motion: The angle c must be obtained first.

r 1.5(2 - cos u)
tan c = = = 2.8867 c = 70.89°
dr>du 1.5 sin u u = 120°

Applying Eq. 13–9, we have

a Fr = mar ;
0.75
-N cos 19.11° = (-112.5)
32.2

N = 2.773 lb = 2.77 lb Ans.

a Fu = mau ;
0.75
FOA + 2.773 sin 19.11° = (64.952)
32.2

FOA = 0.605 lb
13–90.

The boy of mass 40 kg is sliding down the spiral slide at a z

constant speed such that his position, measured from the
top of the chute, has components r = 1.5 m, u = 10.7t2 rad, u
and z = 1 -0.5t2 m, where t is in seconds. Determine the r 1.5 m
components of force Fr , Fu , and Fz which the slide exerts on
him at the instant t = 2 s. Neglect the size of the boy.

SOLUTION
z
r = 1.5 u = 0.7t z = -0.5t
# $ # #
r = r = 0 u = 0.7 z = -0.5
$ $
u = 0 z = 0
$ #
ar = r - r(u)2 = 0 - 1.5(0.7)2 = - 0.735
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 0
$
az = z = 0

©Fr = mar; Fr = 40(-0.735) = - 29.4 N Ans.

©Fu = mau; Fu = 0 Ans.

©Fz = maz; Fz - 40(9.81) = 0

Fz = 392 N Ans.
13–91.

The 0.5-lb particle is guided along the circular path using the
slotted
# arm guide. If the arm has an$ angular velocity
u = 4 rad>s and an angular acceleration u = 8 rad>s2 at the r
instant u = 30°, determine the force of the guide on the
u
particle. Motion occurs in the horizontal plane. 0.5 ft

SOLUTION 0.5 ft

r = 2(0.5 cos u) = 1 cos u

# #
r = - sin uu
# $
r = -cos uu2 - sin uu
# $
At u = 30°, u = 4 rad>s and u = 8 rad>s2

r = 1 cos 30° = 0.8660 ft

#
r = - sin 30° (4) = - 2 ft>s
..
r = -cos 30° (4)2 - sin 30° (8) = -17.856 ft>s2
$ #2
ar = r - ru = -17.856 - 0.8660(4)2 = -31.713 ft>s2
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 0.8660(8) + 2(-2)(4) = - 9.072 ft>s2

0.5
Q + ©Fr = mar; - N cos 30° = (-31.713) N = 0.5686 lb
32.2

0.5
+ a©Fu = mau; F - 0.5686 sin 30° = (-9.072)
32.2

F = 0.143 lb Ans.
*13–92.

Using a forked rod, a smooth cylinder C having a mass of

0.5 kg is forced to move along the vertical slotted path
r = 10.5u2 m, where u is in radians. If the angular position
C
of the arm is u = 10.5t22 rad, where t is in seconds,
determine the force of the rod on the cylinder and the
normal force of the slot on the cylinder at the instant
t = 2 s. The cylinder is in contact with only one edge of the
rod and slot at any instant. r 0.5 u u

SOLUTION
# $ $
r = 0.5u r = 0.5u r = 0.5u
# $
u = 0.5t2 u = t u = 1

At t = 2 s,
# $
u = 2 rad = 114.59° u = 2 rad>2 u = 1 rad>s2
# $
r = 1m r = 1 m>s r = 0.5 m>s2

r 0.5(2)
tan c = = c = 63.43°
dr>du 0.5
# #
ar = r - ru2 = 0.5 - 1(2)2 = - 3.5
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 1(1) + 2(1)(2) = 5

+ a©Fr = mar; NC cos 26.57° - 4.905 cos 24.59° = 0.5(-3.5)

NC = 3.030 = 3.03 N Ans.

+ b© Fu = mau; F - 3.030 sin 26.57° + 4.905 sin 24.59° = 0.5(5)

F = 1.81 N Ans.
13–93.

If arm OA .rotates with a constant clockwise angular

velocity of u = 1.5 rad>s. determine the force arm OA
exerts on the smooth 4-lb cylinder B when u = 45°.
A
B

SOLUTION u
u
Kinematics: Since the motion of cylinder B is known, ar and au will be determined O
4
first. Here, = cos u or r = 4 sec u ft. The value of r and its time derivatives at the
r
4 ft
instant u = 45° are

r = 4 sec u |u = 45° = 4 sec 45° = 5.657 ft

# #
r = 4 sec u(tan u)u|u = 45° = 4 sec 45° tan 45°(1.5) = 8.485 ft>s
$ $ # # #
r = 4 sec u(tan u)u + u sec u sec2 uu + tan u sec u tan uu

$ # #2
= 4 sec u(tan u)u + sec3 uu2 + sec u tan2 uu
u = 45°

= 4 sec 45° tan 45°(0) + sec3 45°(1.5)2 + sec 45° tan2 45°(1.5)2

= 38.18 ft>s2

Using the above time derivatives,

$ #
ar = r - ru 2 = 38.18 - 5.657 1.52 = 25.46 ft>s2
$ # #
au = ru - 2ru = 5.657(0) + 2(8.485)(1.5) = 25.46 ft>s2

Equations of Motion: By referring to the free-body diagram of the cylinder shown in

Fig. a,
4
©Fr = mar; N cos 45° - 4 cos 45° = (25.46)
32.2
N = 8.472 lb
4
©Fu = mau; FOA - 8.472 sin 45° - 4 sin 45° = (25.46)
32.2
FOA = 12.0 lb Ans.
13–94.

The collar has a mass of 2 kg and travels along the smooth

horizontal rod defined by the equiangular spiral
r = 1eu2 m, where u is in radians. Determine the tangential
force F and the normal force N acting on the collar when
u = 90°, if the force F maintains a constant angular motion F
#
u = 2 rad>s.

SOLUTION r r eu

r = eu
u
# #
r = euu
$ # $
r = eu(u)2 + euu

At u = 90°
#
u = 2 rad>s
$
u = 0

r = 4.8105
#
r = 9.6210
$
r = 19.242
$ #
a r = r - r(u)2 = 19.242 - 4.8105(2)2 = 0
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 0 + 2(9.6210)(2) = 38.4838 m>s2

r
tan c = dr
= eu>eu = 1
du

c = 45°

+ c a Fr = mar; -NC cos 45° + F cos 45° = 2(0)

; a Fu = mau;
+ F sin 45° + NC sin 45° = 2(38.4838)

NC = 54.4 N Ans.

F = 54.4 N Ans.
13–95.

The ball has a mass of 2 kg and a negligible size. It is originally

traveling around the horizontal circular path of radius A
r# 0 = 0.5 m such that the angular rate of rotation is r
u0 = 1 rad>s. If the attached cord ABC is drawn down B u ·
through the hole at a constant speed of 0.2 m>s, determine the r0 u0
tension the cord exerts on the ball at the instant r = 0.25 m.
Also, compute the angular velocity of the ball at this instant.
Neglect the effects of friction between the ball and horizontal
plane. Hint: First show that$ the equation of motion # in the u 0.2 m/s
##
direction yields a u = ru + 2ru = 11>r21d1r 2u2>dt2 = 0. C
#
When integrated, r 2u = c, where the constant c is determined
F
from the problem data.

SOLUTION

a Fu = mau;
$ ## 1 d 2#
0 = m[ru + 2ru] = m c (r u) d = 0
r dt

Thus,
#
d(r2u) = 0
#
r2u = C
#
(0.5)2(1) = C = (0.25)2u
#
u = 4.00 rad>s Ans.
# $
Since r = -0.2 m>s, r = 0
$ #
ar = r - r(u)2 = 0 - 0.25(4.00)2 = - 4 m>s2

a Fr = mar; -T = 2( -4)

T = 8N Ans.
*13–96.

The particle has a mass of 0.5 kg and is confined to move A

along the smooth horizontal slot due to the rotation of the
arm OA. Determine the force of the rod on the particle and
the normal force of the slot on the particle when u = 30°. ·
The rod is rotating with a constant angular velocity u 2 rad/s
# r
u = 2 rad>s. Assume the particle contacts only one side of
the slot at any instant. 0.5 m
u
SOLUTION
0.5 O
r = = 0.5 sec u
cos u
# #
r = 0.5 sec u tan uu
$ # # # $
r = 0.5 (sec u tan uu) tan u + sec u(sec2 uu u + sec u tan uu
# # $
= 0.5 sec u tan2 uu + sec3 uu2 + sec u tan uu
# $
When u = 30°, u = 2 rad>s and u = 0

r = 0.5 sec 30° = 0.5774 m

#
r = 0.5 sec 30° tan 30°(2) = 0.6667 m>s
$
r = 0.5 sec 30° tan2 30°(2)2 + sec3 30°(2)2 + sec 30° tan 30°(0)

= 3.849 m>s2
$ #
ar = r - ru2 = 3.849 - 0.5774(2)2 = 1.540 m>s2
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 0.5774(0) + 2(0.6667)(2) = 2.667 m>s2

Q+ ©Fr = mar; N cos 30° - 0.5(9.81) cos 30° = 0.5(1.540)

N = 5.79 N Ans.

+ R©Fu = mau; F + 0.5(9.81) sin 30° - 5.79 sin 30° = 0.5(2.667)

F = 1.78 N Ans.
13–97.

Solve
$ Problem 13–96# if the arm has an angular acceleration A
of u = 3 rad/s2 and u = 2 rad/s at this instant. Assume the
particle contacts only one side of the slot at any instant.

·
u 2 rad/s
r

0.5 m
u
SOLUTION
0.5
r = = 0.5 sec u O
cos u
# #
r = 0.5 sec u tan uu
$ # # # $
r = 0.5 (sec u tan uu) tan u + sec u(sec2 uu) u + sec u tan uu
# # $
= 0.5 sec u tan2 uu2 + sec3 uu2 + sec u tan uu
# $
When u = 30°, u = 2 rad>s and u = 3 rad>s2

r = 0.5 sec 30° = 0.5774 m

#
r = 0.5 sec 30° tan 30°(2) = 0.6667 m>s
$
r = 0.5 sec 30° tan2 30°(2)2 + sec3 30°(2)2 + sec 30° tan 30°(3)

= 4.849 m>s2
$ #
ar = r - ru2 = 4.849 - 0.5774(2)2 = 2.5396 m>s2
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 0.5774(3) + 2(0.6667)(2) = 4.3987 m>s2

Q+ ©Fr = mar; N cos 30° - 0.5(9.81) cos 30° = 0.5(2.5396)

N = 6.3712 = 6.37 N Ans.

+ R©Fu = mau; F + 0.5(9.81) sin 30° - 6.3712 sin 30° = 0.5(4.3987)

F = 2.93 N Ans.
13–98.

The collar has a mass of 2 kg and travels along the smooth

horizontal rod defined by the equiangular spiral r = 1eu2 m,
where u is in radians. Determine the tangential force F and
the normal force N acting on the collar when u =# 45°, if the
force F maintains a constant angular motion u = 2 rad>s. F

r r=e
SOLUTION
r = eu
# #
r = eu u
$ # #
r = eu(u)2 + eu u

At u = 45°
#
u = 2 rad>s
$
u = 0

r = 2.1933
#
r = 4.38656
$
r = 8.7731
$ #
ar = r - r(u)2 = 8.7731 - 2.1933(2)2 = 0
$ # #
au = r u + 2 r u = 0 + 2(4.38656)(2) = 17.5462 m>s2

r
tan c = = e u>e u = 1
dr
a #b
du
c = u = 45°

Q+ a Fr = mar ; - NC cos 45° + F cos 45° = 2(0)

+ a a Fu = mau ; F sin 45° + NC sin 45° = 2(17.5462)

N = 24.8 N Ans.

F = 24.8 N Ans.
13–99.

For a short time, the 250-kg roller coaster car is traveling

along the spiral track such that its position measured from
the top of the track has components r = 8 m,
u = 10.1t + 0.52 rad, and z = 1- 0.2t2 m, where t is in r=8m
seconds. Determine the magnitudes of the components of
force which the track exerts on the car in the r, u, and z
directions at the instant t = 2 s. Neglect the size of the car.

SOLUTION
# $
Kinematic: Here, r = 8 m, r = r = 0. Taking the required time derivatives at
t = 2 s, we have
# $
u = 0.1t + 0.5|t = 2s = 0.700 rad u = 0.100 rad>s u = 0
# $
z = -0.2t|t = 2 s = - 0.400 m z = -0.200 m>s z = 0

Applying Eqs. 12–29, we have

$ $
ar = r - ru2 = 0 - 8(0.1002) = -0.0800 m>s2
$ ##
au = r u + 2 ru = 8(0) + 2(0)(0.200) = 0
$
az = z = 0

Equation of Motion:

©Fr = mar ; Fr = 250( -0.0800) = -20.0 N Ans.

©Fu = mau ; Fu = 250(0) = 0 Ans.

©Fz = maz ; Fz - 250(9.81) = 250(0)

Fz = 2452.5 N = 2.45 kN Ans.

*13–100.

The 0.5-lb ball is guided along the vertical circular path P

A
r = 2rc cos# u using the arm OA. If the arm has an angular
velocity
$ u = 0.4 rad>s and an angular acceleration
u = 0.8 rad>s2 at the instant u = 30°, determine the force of r
rc
the arm on the ball. Neglect friction and the size of the ball.
Set rc = 0.4 ft.
u
O

SOLUTION
r = 2(0.4) cos u = 0.8 cos u
# #
r = -0.8 sin uu
$ # $
r = -0.8 cos uu2 - 0.8 sin uu
# $
At u = 30° , u = 0.4 rad>s, and u = 0.8 rad>s2

r = 0.8 cos 30° = 0.6928 ft

#
r = - 0.8 sin 30°(0.4) = - 0.16 ft>s
$
r = - 0.8 cos 30°(0.4)2 - 0.8 sin 30°(0.8) = - 0.4309 ft>s2
$ #
ar = r - ru2 = -0.4309 - 0.6928(0.4)2 = -0.5417 ft>s2
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 0.6928(0.8) + 2(-0.16)(0.4) = 0.4263 ft>s2

0.5
+ Q©Fr = mar; N cos 30° - 0.5 sin 30° = (-0.5417) N = 0.2790 lb
32.2

0.5
a+ ©Fu = mau; FOA + 0.2790 sin 30° - 0.5 cos 30° = (0.4263)
32.2

FOA = 0.300 lb Ans.

13–101.

The ball of mass m is guided along the vertical circular path P

A
r = 2rc cos u using
# the arm OA. If the arm has a constant
angular velocity u0, determine the angle u … 45° at which
the ball starts to leave the surface of the semicylinder. r
rc
Neglect friction and the size of the ball.

u
O

SOLUTION
r = 2rc cos u
# #
r = -2rc sin uu
$ # $
r = -2rc cos uu2 - 2rc sin uu
# $
Since u is constant, u = 0.
$ # # # #
ar = r - ru2 = - 2rc cos uu20 - 2rc cos uu20 = -4rc cos uu20

#
+ Q©Fr = mar; -mg sin u = m( -4rc cos uu20)
# #
4rc u20 -1
4rc u20
tan u = u = tan Ans.
g g
13–102.

Using a forked rod, a smooth cylinder P, having a mass of

0.4 kg, is forced to move along the vertical slotted path
r = 10.6u2 m, where u is in radians. If the cylinder has a
constant speed of vC = 2 m>s, determine the force of the P
u p
rod and the normal force of the slot on the cylinder at the r
instant u = p rad. Assume the cylinder is in contact with
only one edge of the rod and slot at any instant. Hint: To
obtain the time derivatives necessary to compute the r 0.6u
cylinder’s acceleration components ar and au, take the first
and second time derivatives of r = 0.6u. Then,
# for further
information, use Eq. 12–26 to determine u. Also, take the
#
time derivative
$ of Eq. 12–26, noting that vC = 0, to
determine u.

SOLUTION
# $ $
r = 0.6 u r = 0.6 u r = 0.6 u
# # # #
vr = r = 0.6u vu = ru = 0.6uu
2
#
v2 = r 2 + a ru b

# 2 # 2 # 2
22 = a 0.6u b + a0.6uu b u =
0.621 + u2
#
#$ # #$ $ uu2
0 = 0.72u u + 0.36a 2uu3 + 2u2u u b u = -
1 + u2

# 2
At u = p rad, u = = 1.011 rad>s
0.621 + p2
$ (p)(1.011)2
u = - = -0.2954 rad>s2
1 + p2
#
r = 0.6(p) = 0.6 p m r = 0.6(1.011) = 0.6066 m>s
$
r = 0.6( -0.2954) = -0.1772 m>s2
$ #
ar = r - ru 2 = -0.1772 - 0.6 p(1.011)2 = - 2.104 m>s2
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 0.6p(-0.2954) + 2(0.6066)(1.011) = 0.6698 m>s2

r 0.6u
tan c = = = u = p c = 72.34°
dr>du 0.6

;
+ ©F = ma ;
r r -N cos 17.66° = 0.4(-2.104) N = 0.883 N Ans.

+ T ©Fu = mau ; -F + 0.4(9.81) + 0.883 sin 17.66° = 0.4(0.6698)

F = 3.92 N Ans.
13–103.

A ride in an amusement park consists of a cart which is

supported by small wheels. Initially the cart is traveling in a
circular path# of radius r0 = 16 ft such that the angular rate of
rotation is u0 = 0.2 rad>s. If the attached cable OC is drawn r C
#
inward at a constant speed of r = - 0.5 ft>s, determine the ·
tension it exerts on the cart at the instant r = 4 ft. The cart u
u0
and its passengers have a total weight of 400 lb. Neglect O
the effects of friction. Hint: First show that the equation
.. of
..
motion in# the u direction yields # au = ru + 2 ru =
11>r2 d1r2u2>dt = 0. When integrated, r2u = c, where the
constant c is determined from the problem data.

SOLUTION
400 $ #
+ Q©Fr = mar ; -T = r - ru 2 (1)
32.2

400 $ ##
+ a©Fu = mau ; 0 = ru + 2ru (2)
32.2

1 d 2# #
From Eq. (2), ru = 0 r 2u = c
r dt
#
Since u0 = 0.2 rad>s when r0 = 16 ft, c = 51.2.

Hence, when r = 4 ft ,

# 51.2
u = = 3.2 rad>s
(4)2
$
Since r = - 0.5 ft>s, r = 0, Eq. (1) becomes

400
-T = a 0 - (4)(3.2)2 b
32.2

T = 509 lb Ans.
*13–104.

#
The
$ arm is rotating at a rate of u = 5 rad>s when
u = 2 rad>s2 and u = 90°. Determine the normal force it
must exert on the 0.5-kg particle if the particle is confined
to move along the slotted path defined by the horizontal 0.2
—
r
hyperbolic spiral ru = 0.2 m. u

r u· ··
5 rad/s, u 2 rad/s2
u 90
SOLUTION
p
u = = 90°
2
#
u = 5 rad>s
$
u = 2 rad>s2

r = 0.2>u = 0.12732 m
# #
r = -0.2 u - 2 u = -0.40528 m>s
$ # $
r = -0.2[-2u - 3 (u)2 + u - 2 u] = 2.41801
$ #
a r = r - r(u)2 = 2.41801 - 0.12732(5)2 = - 0.7651 m>s2
$ ##
au = ru + 2 ru = 0.12732(2) + 2( -0.40528)(5) = -3.7982 m>s2

r 0.2>u
tan c = =
dr
(du ) -0.2u - 2

p
c = tan - 1( - ) = -57.5184°
2

+ c ©Fr = m ar ; Np cos 32.4816° = 0.5( -0.7651)

;
+ ©F = ma ;
u u F + Np sin 32.4816° = 0.5( -3.7982)

NP = -0.453 N

F = -1.66 N Ans.
13–105.

The forked rod is used to move the smooth

2-lb particle around the horizontal path in the
# shape of a
limaçon, r = (2 + cos u) ft. If at all times u = 0.5 rad>s,
determine the force which the rod exerts on the particle at
the instant u = 90°. The fork and path contact the particle 2 ft r
on only one side.
u
·
u
3 ft
SOLUTION
r = 2 + cos u
# #
r = -sin uu
$ # $
r = -cos uu2 - sin uu
# $
At u = 90°, u = 0.5 rad>s, and u = 0

r = 2 + cos 90° = 2 ft
#
r = -sin 90°(0.5) = - 0.5 ft>s
$
r = -cos 90°(0.5)2 - sin 90°(0) = 0
$ #
ar = r - ru2 = 0 - 2(0.5)2 = - 0.5 ft>s2
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 2(0) + 2( -0.5)(0.5) = -0.5 ft>s2

r 2 + cos u
tan c = = = -2 c = - 63.43°
dr>du -sin u u = 90°

2
+ c ©Fr = mar; -N cos 26.57° = ( -0.5) N = 0.03472 lb
32.2

;
+ ©F = ma ; 2
u u F - 0.03472 sin 26.57° = (- 0.5)
32.2

F = -0.0155 lb Ans.
13–106.

The forked rod is used to move the smooth 2-lb particle

around the horizontal path in the # shape of a limaçon,
r = (2 + cos u) ft . If at all times u = 0.5 rad>s , determine
the force which the rod exerts on the particle at the instant
u = 60°. The fork and path contact the particle on only 2 ft r
one side.
u
·
u
3 ft
SOLUTION
r = 2 + cos u
# #
r = -sin uu
$ # $
r = -cos uu2 - sin uu
# $
At u = 60°, u = 0.5 rad>s, and u = 0

r = 2 + cos 60° = 2.5 ft

#
r = -sin 60°(0.5) = -0.4330 ft>s
$
r = -cos 60°(0.5)2 - sin 60°(0) = -0.125 ft>s2
$ #
ar = r - ru2 = - 0.125 - 2.5(0.5)2 = -0.75 ft>s2
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 2.5(0) + 2(-0.4330)(0.5) = - 0.4330 ft>s2

r 2 + cos u
tan c = = = -2.887 c = - 70.89°
dr>du -sin u u = 60°

2
+ Q©Fr = mar; - N cos 19.11° = (- 0.75) N = 0.04930 lb
32.2

2
+a©Fu = mau; F - 0.04930 sin 19.11° = (-0.4330)
32.2

F = -0.0108 lb Ans.
13–107.

The forked rod is used to move the smooth

2-lb particle around the horizontal path in the shape of a
limaçon, r = (2 + cos u) ft. If u = (0.5t2) rad, where t is in
seconds, determine the force which the rod exerts on the
particle at the instant t = 1 s. The fork and path contact the 2 ft r
particle on only one side.
u
·
u
3 ft
SOLUTION
r = 2 + cos u u = 0.5t2
# #
r = -sin uu u = t
$ # $ $
r = -cos uu2 - sin uu u = 1 rad>s2
$
At t = 1 s, u = 0.5 rad, u = 1 rad>s, and u = 1 rad>s2

r = 2 + cos 0.5 = 2.8776 ft

#
r = -sin 0.5(1) = -0.4974 ft>s2
$
r = -cos 0.5(1)2 - sin 0.5(1) = - 1.357 ft>s2
$ #
ar = r - ru2 = - 1.375 - 2.8776(1)2 = -4.2346 ft>s2
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 2.8776(1) + 2(-0.4794)(1) = 1.9187 ft>s2

r 2 + cos u
tan c = = = - 6.002 c = - 80.54°
dr>du -sin u u = 0.5 rad

2
+ Q©Fr = mar; -N cos 9.46° = ( -4.2346) N = 0.2666 lb
32.2

2
+ a©Fu = mau; F - 0.2666 sin 9.46° = (1.9187)
32.2

F = 0.163 lb Ans.
*13–108.

The collar, which has a weight of 3 lb, slides along the

smooth rod lying in the horizontal plane and having the P
shape of a parabola r = 4>11 - cos u2, where u is in radians
and r is #in feet. If the collar’s angular rate is constant and
equals u = 4 rad>s, determine the tangential retarding r
force P needed to cause the motion and the normal force
that the collar exerts on the rod at the instant u = 90°. u

SOLUTION
4
r =
1 - cos u
#
# -4 sin u u
r =
(1 - cos u)2
$ # #
$ -4 sin u u - 4 cos u (u)2 8 sin2 u u2
r = + +
(1 - cos u)2 (1 - cos u)2 (1 - cos u)3
# $
At u = 90°, u = 4, u = 0

r = 4
#
r = - 16
$
r = 128
$
ar = r - r(u)2 = 128 - 4(4)2 = 64
$ ##
au = ru + 2 ru = 0 + 2( -16)(4) = - 128

4
r =
1 - cos u

dr -4 sin u
=
du (1 - cos u)2
4
r 1 - cos u) 4
tan c = = = = -1
dr
(du ) - 4 sin u ° -4
(1 - cos u)2 u = 90

c = - 45° = 135°

3
+ c ©Fr = m ar ; P sin 45° - N cos 45° = (64)
32.2

;
+ © F = ma ; 3
u u - P cos 45° - N sin 45° = ( -128)
32.2

Solving,

P = 12.6 lb Ans.

N = 4.22 lb Ans.
13–109.

The smooth particle has a mass of 80 g. It is attached to an

elastic cord extending from O to P and due to the slotted
arm guide moves along the horizontal circular path P
r = 10.8 sin u2 m. If the cord has a stiffness k = 30 N>m and
an unstretched length of 0.25 m, determine the force of the r
guide on the particle
# when u = 60°. The guide has a constant
angular velocity u = 5 rad>s.

0.4 m ·
u 5 rad/s
SOLUTION
r = 0.8 sin u u

# #
r = 0.8 cos u u O
$ # $
r = -0.8 sin u (u)2 + 0.8 cos uu
# $
u = 5, u = 0

At u = 60°, r = 0.6928
#
r = 2
$
r = -17.321

$ #
ar = r - r(u)2 = - 17.321 - 0.6928(5)2 = -34.641
$ ##
au = ru + 2 ru = 0 + 2(2)(5) = 20

Fs = ks; Fs = 30(0.6928 - 0.25) = 13.284 N

Q+ ©Fr = m ar; -13.284 + NP cos 30° = 0.08(- 34.641)

a+ ©Fu = mau; F - NP sin 30° = 0.08(20)

F = 7.67 N Ans.

NP = 12.1 N
13–110.

The smooth particle has a mass of 80 g. It is attached to an

elastic cord extending from O to P and due to the slotted arm
guide moves along the horizontal circular path r = (0.8 sin u) P
m. If the cord has a stiffness k = 30 N>m and an unstretched
length of 0.25$ m, determine # the force of the guide on the r
particle when u = 2 rad>s2, u = 5 rad>s, and u = 60°.

0.4 m ·
SOLUTION u 5 rad/s

r = 0.8 sin u u
# #
r = 0.8 cos u u
O
$ # $
r = -0.8 sin u (u)2 + 0.8 cos uu
# $
u = 5, u = 2

At u = 60°, r = 0.6928
#
r = 2
$
r = -16.521

$ #
ar = r - r(u)2 = -16.521 - 0.6928(5)2 = - 33.841
$ ##
au = r u + 2 ru = 0.6925(2) + 2(2)(5) = 21.386

Fs = ks; Fs = 30(0.6928 - 0.25) = 13.284 N

Q+ ©Fr = m ar; -13.284 + NP cos 30° = 0.08( -33.841)

+ a©Fu = mau; F - NP sin 30° = 0.08(21.386)

F = 7.82 N Ans.

NP = 12.2 N
13–111.

A 0.2-kg spool slides down along a smooth rod.

If
# the rod has a constant angular rate of rotation
u = 2 rad>s in the vertical plane, show that the equations of
$ u
moti on for the spool are r - 4r - 9.81 sin u = 0 and
#
0.8r + Ns - 1.962 cos u = 0, where Ns is the magnitude of
the normal force of the rod on the spool. Using the u 2 rad/s
r
methods of differential equations, it can be shown that
the solution of the first of these equations is
#
r = C1e -2t + C2e2t - 19.81>82 sin 2t. If r, r, and u are
zero when t = 0, evaluate the constants C1 and C2 to
determine r at the instant u = p>4 rad.

SOLUTION
# #
Kinematic: Here, u. = 2 rad>s and u = 0. Applying Eqs. 12–29, we have
$ # $ $
ar = r - ru2 = r - r(22) = r - 4r
$ ## # #
au = ru + 2ru = r(0) + 2r(2) = 4r

Equation of Motion: Applying Eq. 13–9, we have

$
©Fr = mar ; 1.962 sin u = 0.2(r - 4r)
$
r - 4r - 9.81 sin u = 0 (Q.E.D.) (1)
#
©Fu = mau; 1.962 cos u - Ns = 0.2(4r)
#
0.8r + Ns - 1.962 cos u = 0 (Q.E.D.) (2)

1
u
#
L0 L0
Since u. = 2 rad>s, then u = 2dt, u = 2t. The soluti on of the differential
equation (Eq.(1)) is given by

9.81
r = C1 e - 2 t + C2 e2t - sin 2t (3)
8
Thus,

# 9.81
r = - 2 C1 e - 2t + 2C2 e2t - cos 2t (4)
4

At t = 0, r = 0 . From Eq.(3) 0 = C1 (1) + C2 (1) - 0 (5)

# 9.81
At t = 0, r = 0 . From Eq.(4) 0 = - 2 C1 (1) + 2C2 (1) - (6)
4
Solving Eqs. (5) and (6) yields

9.81 9.81
C1 = - C2 =
16 16

Thus,
9.81 - 2t 9.81 2t 9.81
r = - e + e - sin 2t
16 16 8
9.81 - e - 2t + e2t
= a - sin 2t b
8 2
9.81
= (sin h 2t - sin 2t)
8

p 9.81 p p
At u = 2t = , r = asin h - sin 3b = 0.198 m Ans.
4 8 4 4
*13–112.

The pilot of an airplane executes a vertical A

loop which in part follows the path of a cardioid,
r = 600(1 + cos u) ft . If his speed at A ( u = 0°) is a
constant vP = 80 ft>s, determine the vertical force the
seat belt must exert on him to hold him to his seat when
the plane is upside down at A. He weighs 150 lb. r 600 (1 + cos u ) ft

SOLUTION
r = 600(1 + cos u)|u = 0° = 1200 ft
# #
r = -600 sin uu u = 0° = 0
$ $ # #
r = -600 sin uu - 600 cos uu2 u = 0° = -600u2
# # 2
v2p = r2 + aru b

# 2 #
(80)2 = 0 + a1200u b u = 0.06667

$ # # $
2vpvp = 2rr + 2a ru b aru + ru b
$ $
0 = 0 + 0 + 2r2 uu u = 0
$ #
ar = r - ru2 = -600(0.06667)2 - 1200(0.06667)2 = -8 ft>s2
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 0 + 0 = 0

150
+ c ©Fr = mar; N - 150 = a b( -8) N = 113 lb Ans.
32.2
13–113.

The earth has an orbit with eccentricity e = 0.0821 around the

sun. Knowing that the earth’s minimum distance from the
sun is 151.3(106) km, find the speed at which the earth travels
when it is at this distance. Determine the equation in polar
coordinates which describes the earth’s orbit about the sun.

SOLUTION
Ch2 1 GMS
e = where C = 1 - and h = r0 v0
GMS r0 r0 v20

1 GMS r0 v20 r0v20

e = 1 - (r0v0)2 e = - 1 = e + 1
GMS r0 r0 v20 GMS GMS

GMS (e + 1)
y0 =
B r0

66.73(10 - 12)(1.99)(1030)(0.0821 + 1)
= = 30818 m>s = 30.8 km>s Ans.
B 151.3(109)

1 1 GMS GMS
= a1 - 2 b cos u + 2 2
r r0 r0 v0 r0v0

1 1 66.73(10 - 12)(1.99)(1030) 66.73(10 - 12)(1.99)(1030)

= 9
a1 - 9 2
b cos u +
r 151.3(10 ) 151.3(10 )(30818) 151.3(109) 2 (30818)2
1
= 0.502(10 - 12) cos u + 6.11(10 - 12) Ans.
r
13–114.

A communications satellite is in a circular orbit above the

earth such that it always remains directly over a point on
the earth’s surface. As a result, the period of the satellite
must equal the rotation of the earth, which is approximately
24 hours. Determine the satellite’s altitude h above the
earth’s surface and its orbital speed.

SOLUTION
The period of the satellite around the circular orbit of radius
r0 = h + re = h + 6.378(106) m is given by

2pr0
T =
vs
2p h + 6.378(106)
24(3600) =
vs
2p h + 6.378(106)
vs = (1)
86.4(103)

The velocity of the satellite orbiting around the circular orbit of radius
r0 = h + re = h + 6.378(106) m is given by

GMe
yS =
C r0
66.73(10-12)(5.976)(1024)
yS = (2)
C h + 6.378(106)

Solving Eqs.(1) and (2),

h = 35.87(106) m = 35.9 Mm yS = 3072.32 m>s = 3.07 km>s Ans.

13–115.

The speed of a satellite launched into a circular orbit

about the earth is given by Eq. 13–25. Determine the
speed of a satellite launched parallel to the surface of
the earth so that it travels in a circular orbit 800 km
from the earth’s surface.

SOLUTION
For a 800-km orbit

66.73(10 - 12)(5.976)(1024)
v0 =
B (800 + 6378)(103)

= 7453.6 m>s = 7.45 km>s Ans.

*13–116.

A rocket is in circular orbit about the earth at an altitude of

h = 4 Mm. Determine the minimum increment in speed it
must have in order to escape the earth’s gravitational field.

h = 4 Mm

SOLUTION
Circular Orbit:

GMe 66.73(10 - 12)5.976(1024)

vC = = = 6198.8 m>s
A r0 B 4000(103) + 6378(103)

Parabolic Orbit:

2GMe 2(66.73)(10 - 12)5.976(1024)

ve = = = 8766.4 m>s
A r0 B 4000(103) + 6378(103)

¢v = ve - vC = 8766.4 - 6198.8 = 2567.6 m>s

¢v = 2.57 km>s Ans.

13–117.

Prove Kepler’s third law of motion. Hint: Use Eqs. 13–19,

13–28, 13–29, and 13–31.

SOLUTION
From Eq. 13–19,

1 GMs
= C cos u +
r h2

For u = 0° and u = 180°,

1 GMs
= C +
rp h2

1 GMs
= -C +
ra h2

Eliminating C, from Eqs. 13–28 and 13–29,

2a 2GMs
=
b2 h2

From Eq. 13–31,

p
T = (2a)(b)
h

Thus,

T2h2
b2 =
4p2a2

4p2a3 GMs
2 2 =
Th h2

4p2
T2 = a b a3 Q.E.D.
GMs
13–118.

The satellite is moving in an elliptical orbit with an eccentricity

e = 0.25. Determine its speed when it is at its maximum
distance A and minimum distance B from the earth.

A 2 Mm
B

SOLUTION
Ch2
e =
GMe

1 GMe
where C = 1 - and h = r0 v0.
r0 r0v20

1 GMe
e = 1 - (r0 v0)2
GMe r0 r0 v20

r0 v20
e = - 1
GMe

r0 v20 GMe (e + 1)
= e + 1 v0 =
GMe B r0

where r0 = rp = 2 106 + 6378 103 = 8.378 106 m.

66.73(10 - 12)(5.976)(1024)(0.25 + 1)
vB = v0 = = 7713 m>s = 7.71 km>s Ans.
C 8.378(106)
r0 8.378(106)
ra = = = 13.96 106 m
2GMe 2(66.73)(10 - 12)(5.976)(1024)
- 1 - 1
r0 v0 8.378(106)(7713)2
rp 8.378(106)
vA = vB = (7713) = 4628 m>s = 4.63 km>s Ans.
ra 13.96(106)
13–119.

The elliptical orbit of a satellite orbiting the earth has an

eccentricity of e = 0.45. If the satellite has an altitude of 6 Mm
at perigee, determine the velocity of the satellite at apogee and
the period.
P A

SOLUTION
6 Mm
Here, rO = rP = 6(106) + 6378(103) = 12.378(106) m.

h = rPvP

h = 12.378(106)vP (1)

and

1 GMe
C = a1 - b
rP rPvP 2
1 66.73(10 - 12)(5.976)(1024)
C = c1 - d
12.378(106) 12.378(106)vP 2
2.6027
C = 80.788(10 - 9) - (2)
vP 2

Using Eqs. (1) and (2),

Ch2
e =
GMe

2
2.6027
c80.788(10 - 9) - d c12.378(106
)v P d
vP 2
0.45 =
66.73(10 - 12)(5.976)(1024)

vP = 6834.78 m>s

Using the result of vP,

rP
ra =
2GMe
- 1
r P vP 2

12.378(106)
=
2(66.73)(10 - 12)(5.976)(1024)
- 1
12.378(106)(6834.782)
= 32.633(106) m

Since h = rPvP = 12.378(106)(6834.78) = 84.601(109) m2>s is constant,

rava = h

32.633(106)va = 84.601(109)

va = 2592.50 m>s = 2.59 km>s Ans.

Using the result of h,

p
T = (r + ra) 2rPra
h P
p
= 12.378(106) + 32.633(106) 312.378(106)(32.633)(106)
84.601(109)
*13–120.

Determine the constant speed of satellite S so that it

circles the earth with an orbit of radius r = 15 Mm . Hint:
Use Eq. 13–1.

r 15 Mm

SOLUTION
S
ms me y2s
F = G Also F = ms a b Hence
r2 r

y20 ms me
ms a b = G
r r2

me 5.976(1024)
y = G = 66.73(10 - 12) a b = 5156 m>s = 5.16 km>s Ans.
A r B 15(106)
13–121.

The rocket is in free flight along an elliptical trajectory A¿A.

The planet has no atmosphere, and its mass is 0.70 times that
of the earth. If the rocket has an apoapsis and periapsis as
shown in the figure, determine the speed of the rocket when r 3 Mm
it is at point A.
A B O A¿

6 Mm 9 Mm

SOLUTION
r0
Central-Force Motion: Use ra = , with r0 = rp = 6 106 m and
(2 GM>r0 y20 -1
M = 0.70Me, we have

6(10)6
9 106 =
2(66.73) (10-12) (0.7) [5.976(1024)]
- 1
6(106)y2P
yA = 7471.89 m>s = 7.47 km>s Ans.
13–122.

A satellite S travels in a circular orbit around the earth. A

rocket is located at the apogee of its elliptical orbit for
which e = 0.58. Determine the sudden change in speed that
must occur at A so that the rocket can enter the satellite’s
orbit while in free flight along the blue elliptical trajectory.
When it arrives at B, determine the sudden adjustment in B 120 Mm
speed that must be given to the rocket in order to maintain A
the circular orbit.

10 Mm S
SOLUTION
1 GMe
Central-Force Motion: Here, C = 11 - 2 [Eq. 13–21] and h = r0 v0
r0 r0 v20
[Eq. 13–20]. Substitute these values into Eq. 13–17 gives
1 GM
1 - 2 2e r20v20
ch 2 r0 r0v0 r0v02
e = = = -1 (1)
GMe GMe GMe
Rearrange Eq. (1) gives
1 GMe
= (2)
1 + e r0 v02
Rearrange Eq. (2), we have

11 + e2GMe
v0 = (3)
D r0
r0
Substi tute Eq. (2) into Eq. 13–27, ra = , we have
2 GMe >r0 v20 - 1

r0 1 - e
ra = or r0 = a bra (4)
2 1
- 1 1 + e
1 + e

or the first elliptical orbit e = 0.58, from Eq. (4)

1 - 0.58
1rp21 = r0 = a b 12011062 = 31.89911062 m
1 + 0.58

Substi tute r0 = 1rp21 = 31.89911062 m i nto Eq. (3) yields

11 + 0.582166.732110 - 12215.9762110242
1vp21 = = 4444.34 m>s
D 31.89911062

Applying Eq. 13–20, we have

rp 31.89911062
1va21 = a b 1vp21 = c d 14444.342 = 1181.41 m>s
ra 12011062

When the rocket travels along the second elliptical orbit, from Eq. (4), we have

1 - e
1011062 = a b 12011062 e = 0.8462
1 + e

Substitute r0 = 1rp22 = 1011062 m into Eq. (3) yields

11 + 0.84622166.732110 - 12215.9672110242
1vp2 = = 8580.25 m>s
D 101106)
13–122. continued

And in Eq. 13–20, we have

1rp22 1011062
(va22 = c d 1vp22 = c d18580.252 = 715.02 m>s
1ra22 12011062

For the rocket to enter into orbit two from orbit one at A, its speed must be
decreased by

¢v = 1va21 - 1va22 = 1184.41 - 715.02 = 466 m>s Ans.

If the rocket travels in a circular free-flight trajectory, its speed is given by Eq. 13–25.

GMe 66.73110 - 12215.9762110242

vc = = = 6314.89 m>s
D r0 D 1011062

The speed for which the rocket must be decreased in order to have a circular orbit is

¢v = 1vp22 - ve = 8580.25 - 6314.89 = 2265.36 m>s = 2.27 km>s Ans.

13–123.

An asteroid is in an elliptical orbit about the sun such that

its periheliondistance is 9.3011092 km. If the eccentricity of
the orbit is e = 0.073, determine the aphelion distance of
the orbit.

SOLUTION
rp = r0 = 9.3011092 km

ch2 1 GMs r0v20

e = = a1 - b a b
GMs r0 r0v20 GMs

r0 v20
e = a - 1b
GMs

r0 v20
= e + 1 (1)
GMs

GMs 1
= a b
r0v20 e + 1

r0 r0
ra = 2GMs = (2)
- 1 2
r0 v20 e + 1 - 1
r01e + 12 9.301109211.0732
ra = =
11 - e2 0.927

ra = 10.811092 km Ans.
*13–124.

An elliptical path of a satellite has an eccentricity

e = 0.130. If it has a speed of 15 Mm>h when it is at perigee,
P, determine its speed when it arrives at apogee, A. Also,
how far is it from the earth’s surface when it is at A?
A P

SOLUTION
e = 0.130

vp = v0 = 15 Mm>h = 4.167 km>s

Ch2 1 GMe r20 v20

e = = 1 - 2 a b
GMe r0 r0v0 GMe

r0 v20
e = -1
GMe

r0 v20
= e+1
GMe

(e + 1)GMe
r0 =
v20
1.130166.732110 - 12215.9762110242
=
4.16711032 2

= 25.96 Mm

GMe 1
=
r0 v20 e + 1

r0 r0
rA = 2GMe = 2
r0v02
- 1 e + 1 - 1

r01e + 12
rA =
1 - e

25.961106211.1302
=
0.870

= 33.7111062 m = 33.7 Mm

v0r0
vA =
rA

15125.96211062
=
33.7111062

= 11.5 Mm>h Ans.

d = 33.7111062 - 6.37811062

= 27.3 Mm Ans.
13–125.

A satellite is launched with an initial velocity

v0 = 2500 mi>h parallel to the surface of the earth.
Determine the required altitude (or range of altitudes)
above the earth’s surface for launching if the free-flight
trajectory is to be (a) circular, (b) parabolic, (c) elliptical,
and (d) hyperbolic. Take G = 34.4110-921lb # ft22>slug2,
Me = 409110212 slug, the earth’s radius re = 3960 mi, and
1 mi = 5280 ft.

SOLUTION
v0 = 2500 mi>h = 3.67(103) ft>s

C2h
(a) e = = 0 or C = 0
GMe

GMe
1 =
r0 v20

GMe = 34.4(10 - 9)(409)(1021)

= 14.07(1015)

GMe 14.07(1015)
r0 = = = 1.046(109) ft
v20 [3.67(1013)]2

1.047(109)
r = - 3960 = 194(103) mi Ans.
5280

C2h
(b) e = = 1
GMe

1 1 GMe
(r2 v2) a b 1 - = 1
GMe 0 0 r0 r0 v20

2GMe 2(14.07)(1015)
r0 = = = 2.09(109) ft = 396(103) mi
v20 [3.67(103)]2

r = 396(103) - 3960 = 392(103) mi Ans.

(c) e 6 1

194(103) mi 6 r 6 392(103) mi Ans.

(d) e 7 1

r 7 392(103) mi Ans.
13–126.

A probe has a circular orbit around a planet of radius R and

mass M. If the radius of the orbit is nR and the explorer is
traveling with a constant speed v0, determine the angle u at B
which it lands on the surface of the planet B when its speed u R
is reduced to kv0, where k 6 1 at point A. A

SOLUTION nR

When the probe is orbiting the planet in a circular orbit of radius rO = nR, its speed
is given by
GM GM
vO = =
B rO B nR

The probe will enter the elliptical trajectory with its apoapsis at point A if its speed is
GM
decreased to va = kvO = k at this point. When it lands on the surface of the
B nR
planet, r = rB = R.

1 1 GM GM
= a1 - 2
b cos u + 2 2
r rP rPvP r P vP

1 1 GM GM
= a - 2 2 b cos u + 2 2 (1)
R rP r P vP rP vP
GM
Since h = rava = nR ak b = k2nGMR is constant,
A nR

rPvP = h

k 2nGMR
vP = (2)
rP

Also,
rP
ra =
2GM
- 1
rPvP2
rP
nR =
2GM
- 1
r Pv P 2
2nGMR
vP 2 = (3)
rp(rp + nR)

Solving Eqs.(2) and (3),

k2n 2 - k2 GM
rp = R vp =
2 - k2 k B nR
Substituting the result of rp and vp into Eq. (1),

1 2 - k2 1 1
= a 2 - 2 b cos u + 2
R k nR k nR k nR

k2 n - 1
u = cos - 1 a b
1 - k2

Here u was measured from periapsis.When measured from apoapsis, as in the figure then

k2n - 1
u = p - cos - 1 a b Ans.
1 - k2
13–127.

Upon completion of the moon exploration mission, the

command module, which was originally in a circular orbit as
shown, is given a boost so that it escapes from the moon’s
gravitational field. Determine the necessary increase in
velocity so that the command module follows a parabolic
A
trajectory. The mass of the moon is 0.01230 Me.

SOLUTION 3 Mm

When the command module is moving around the circular orbit of radius
r0 = 3(106) m, its velocity is

GMm 66.73(10 - 12)(0.0123)(5.976)(1024)

vc = =
B r0 B 3(106)
= 1278.67 m>s

The escape velocity of the command module entering into the parabolic trajectory is

2GMm 2(66.73)(10 - 12)(0.0123)(5.976)(1024)

ve = =
B r0 B 3(106)
= 1808.31 m>s

Thus, the required increase in the command module is

¢v = ve - vc = 1808.31 - 1278.67 = 529.64 m>s = 530 m>s Ans.

*13–128.

The rocket is traveling in a free-flight elliptical orbit about

the earth such that e = 0.76 and its perigee is
9 Mm as shown. Determine its speed when it is at point B.
Also determine the sudden decrease in speed the rocket
must experience at A in order to travel in a circular orbit
about the earth. A B

SOLUTION 9 Mm
1 GMe
Central-Force Motion: Here C = a 1 - b [Eq. 13–21] and h = r0 v 0
r0 r0 v20
[Eq. 13–20] Substitute these values into Eq. 13–17 gives
1
1 - GM e
1 r20 v022
ch2 r0 r20v20 r0v02
e = = = - 1 (1)
GMe GMe GMe
Rearrange Eq.(1) gives
1 GMe
= (2)
1 + e r0 v02
Rearrange Eq.(2), we have

11 + e2 GMe
v0 = (3)
B r0
r0
Substi tute Eq.(2) into Eq. 13–27, ra = , we have
12GMe >r0 v022 - 1

r0
ra = (4)
1
2 1 + e - 1

Rearrange Eq.(4), we have

1 + e 1 + 0.76
ra = a br = a b 911062 = 66.011062 m
1 - e 0 1 - 0.76

Substitute r0 = rp = 9 106 m into Eq.(3) yields

(1 + 0.76)(66.73)(10 - 12)(5.976) (1024)

vp = = 8830.82 m>s
D 9(106)

Applying Eq. 13–20, we have

rp 911062
va = a bnp = 18830.822 = 1204.2 m>s = 1.20 km>s Ans.
ra 66.011062

If the rocket travels in a circular free-flight trajectory, its speed is given by Eq. 13–25.

GMe 66.73110 - 12215.9762110242

ve = = = 6656.48 m>s
D r0 D 911062

The speed for which the rocket must be decreased in order to have a circular orbit is

¢v = v p - v c = 8830.82 - 6656.48 = 2174.34 m>s = 2.17 km>s Ans.

13–129.

A rocket is in circular orbit about the earth at an altitude above

the earth’s surface of h = 4 Mm. Determine the minimum
increment in speed it must have in order to escape the earth’s
gravitational field.

h 4 Mm

SOLUTION
Circular orbit:

GMe 66.73(10 - 12)5.976(1024)

vC = = = 6198.8 m>s
B r0 B 4000(103) + 6378(103)

Parabolic orbit:

2GMe 2(66.73)(10 - 12)5.976(1024)

ve = = = 8766.4 m>s
B r0 B 4000(103) + 6378(103)

¢v = ve - vC = 8766.4 - 6198.8 = 2567.6 m>s

¢v = 2.57 km>s Ans.

13–130.

The satellite is in an elliptical orbit having an eccentricity of

e = 0.15. If its velocity at perigee is vP = 15 Mm>h, 15 Mm/h
determine its velocity at apogee A and the period of the
satellite. P A

SOLUTION
m 1h
Here, vP = c 15(106) da b = 4166.67 m>s.
h 3600 s

h = rPvP

h = rP (4166.67) = 4166.67rp (1)

and

1 GMe
C = 1 -
rP rP vP 2

1 66.73(10-12)(5.976)(1024)
C = 1 -
rp rp(4166.672)

1 22.97(106)
C = 1 - (2)
rP rP

Ch2
e =
GMe

1 22.97(106)
1 - (4166.67 rP)2
rP rP
0.15 =
66.73(10-12)(5.976)(1024)

rP = 26.415(106) m

Using the result of rp

rP
rA =
2GMe
- 1
rP vP 2

26.415(106)
=
2(66.73)(10-12)(5.976)(1024)
- 1
26.415(106)(4166.672)
= 35.738(106) m

Since h = rP vP = 26.415(106)(4166.672) = 110.06(109) m2>s i s constant,

rA vA = h

35.738(106)vA = 110.06(109)

vA = 3079.71 m>s = 3.08 km>s Ans.

Using the results of h, rA, and rP,

p
T = r + rA 2rP rA
6 P

p
= 26.415(106) + 35.738(106) 226.415(106)(35.738)(106)
110.06(109)

= 54 508 43 s = 15 1 hr Ans.
13–131.

A rocket is in a free-flight elliptical orbit about the earth

such that the eccentricity of its orbit is e and its perigee is r0.
Determine the minimum increment of speed it should have
in order to escape the earth’s gravitational field when it is at
this point along its orbit.

SOLUTION
To escape the earth’s gravitational field, the rocket has to
make a parabolic trajectory.

ParabolicTrajectory:

2GMe
ye =
A r0

Elliptical Orbit:

Ch2 1 GMe
e = where C = 1 - and h = r0 y0
GMe r0 r0y20

1 GMe
e = 1 - (r0 y0)2
GMe r0 r0 y20

r0 y20
e = a - 1b
GMe

r0 y20 GMe (e + 1)
= e + 1 y0 =
GMe B r0

2GMe GMe (e + 1) GMe

¢y = - = a 22 - 21 + eb Ans.
A r0 A r0 A r0
*13–132.

The rocket shown is originally in a circular orbit 6 Mm

above the surface of the earth.It is required that it travel
in another circular orbit having an altitude of 14 Mm.To
do this,the rocket is given a short pulse of power at A so
that it travels in free flight along the gray elliptical path
from the first orbit to the second orbit.Determine the
necessary speed it must have at A just after the power
pulse, and at the time required to get to the outer orbit
along the path AA¿. What adjustment in speed must be A A'
O
made at A¿ to maintain the second circular orbit?

6 Mm
14 Mm

SOLUTION
r0
Central-Force Motion: Substitute Eq. 13–27, ra = , with
(2GM>r0v20) - 1
ra = (14 + 6.378)(106) = 20.378(106) m and r0 = rp = (6 + 6.378)(106)
= 12.378(106) m, we have

12.378(106)
20.378(106) =
2(66.73)(10 - 12)[5.976(1024)]
- 1
12.378(106)v2p
vp = 6331.27 m>s

Applying Eq. 13–20. we have

rp 12.378(106)
va = vp = (6331.27) = 3845.74 m>s
ra 20.378(106)

Eq. 13–20 gives h = rp vp = 12.378(106)(6331.27) = 78.368(109) m2>s. Thus, applying

Eq. 13–31, we have

p
T = (r + ra)2rp ra
h p

p
= [(12.378 + 20.378)(106)]212.378(20.378)(106)
78.368(109)

= 20854.54 s

The time required for the rocket to go from A to A¿ (half the orbit) is given by

T
t = = 10427.38 s = 2.90 hr Ans.
2

In order for the satellite to stay in the second circular orbit, it must achieve a speed
of (Eq. 13–25)

GMe 66.73(10 - 12)(5.976)(1024)

vc = = = 4423.69 m>s = 4.42 km>s Ans.
A r0 A 20.378(106)

The speed for which the rocket must be increased in order to enter the second
circular orbit at A¿ is

¢v = vc - va = 4423.69 - 3845.74 = 578 m s Ans.