EXP.

N0:1 (B)
DATE:

MODELLING OF TRANSMISSION LINES

AIM:
long transmission lines.
lo understand modeling and performance of short,medium and
SOFTWARE REQOUIRED: MATLAB
FORM ULAE:
Vs=AVg+BlR

Is-CVg+DlR
ABCD PARAMETERS
TYPE METHOD
A-D=1; B-Z; C-0.
Short
NominalT Method A-D=1+YZ2;
Medium
B-Z(1+YZI4);
C-Y;
Nominal a Method A-D=1+YU2:
B-Z;
C-Y(1+YI4);
Rigorous Method A-D-cos h(yC);
Long B-Z, sin h(y¬):
C=1/Z, sin h(yl);
y-V(ZY);
Z-V(ZY);
Equivalent z Method A-D=1+YZ2;
B-Z;
C-Y(1+YIA);
Z-Z sin h(yey yl;
Y=Y tan h(yt/2)/ (ylr2);
-V(ZY);
Z=V(ZY);
Equivalent T Method A-D=1+YZ2;
B-Z;
C-Y(1+YUA);
Z-Z tan h(yU2y (y/2);:
Y=Y sin h(ye) ye;
-(ZY);
Z-V(ZY);
PROCEDURE:
1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.
2.Create a new M- file by selecting File - New -M-File
3. Type and save the program in the editor window.
4. Execute the program by either pressing Tools - Run.
5. View the results.

Page 21 of 155
 I An overhead 3 phase trans)ission line del1vers 4000KW at IIKVat 0.8 pf lagging. The
reSIstance and reactance of each conductor are I.592 and 492 per phase. Deterimine the l1ne
performance.

SHORIJIRANSMISSION LINE
PROGRAM:
clc:
clear all;
R-input(Resistance
XL-input('Ihductive Reactance :):
XC=input(Capacitive Reactance :):
G-input(Conductance :);
length=input(Length of Transmission Line :);
f-input(Frequency
ZI= (R+j*XL)$length;
:);

Yl= (G+j*XC)*length;
A= 1;
B= Z1:
C=0;
D =1;
TM- [AB; CD];
VRL-input(ENTER RECEIVEING END VoTAGE :);
VRP-VRJ(sqrt(3):
PR = input('ENTER RECEIVING END LOAD IN MW :);
P¾-input(ENTER THE RECEIVING END LOAD POWER FACTOR :);
h-acos(P);
SR-PRPf;
SR=SR*(cos(h) +j*sin(h));
QR-imag(SR);
R-conj(SRY(3*conj(VRP);
SM-TMVRP;R];
VS-SM(1,1);
IS-SM(2,1);
Pfs-cos(angle(VS)-angle(IS));
SS=3*VS*conj(1S);
VSA-angle(VS)*(180/pi);
ISA-angle(1S)$(180/pi);
VS-sqrt(3)*abs(VS);
S-abs(IS)*1000;
VREG{(vS/(abs(TM(1,1)-VRIL/VRL)*100;
PS-real(SS);
QS=imag(SS);
eff-PR/PS*100;
PL-PS-PR;

Page 22 of 155
QL-QS-QR:

TM
tprintf'SENDING END LINE VOLTAGE og at og degrees n'.VS.VSA):
fprintf 'SENDINGEND LINECURRENT'og at °og degrees n.IS.ISA;
fprintf 'SENDINGEND POWER FACTOR °og n',Pfs);
fprintf('SENDING END REAL POWER %g n'.PS);
fprintf 'SENDINGEND REACTIVE POWER °ogn'.QS):
fprintf(PERCENTAGE VOLIAGE REGULATION °og n',VREG);
fprintf("REAL POWER LOSS °ogn'.PL);
fprintf( REACTIVE POWER LOSs ogn'.QL);
fprintf('EFFICIENCY %G, eff);
QUTPUT:
Resistance :15
Inductive Reactance :4
Capacitive Reactance :0
Conductance :0
Length of Transmission Line :1
:50
Frequency
ENTER RECEIVEING END VOLTAGE :11
ENTER RECEIVING ENDLOAD N MW :4
ENTER THE RECEIVING END LOAD POWER FACTOR :0.8

Zl=
1.5000 -+ 4.0000i

Yl=

TM=

1.0000 1.5000 + 4.00001

1.0000

SENDING END LNE VOLTAGE 12.6795 at 4.72953 degrees

SENDING END LINE CURRENT 262.432 at -36.8699 degrees
SENDING END POWER FACTOR 0.747805
SENDING END REAL POWER 4.30992
SENDING END REACTIVE POWER3.82645
PERCENTAGE VOLTAGE REGULATION 15.2685
REALPOWER LOSS 0.309917
REACTIVE POWER LOSS 0.826446
EFFICIENCY 92.8092

Page 23 of 155
 2 Abalanced 3plhase loadof 30 MW is supplied at I32KV. 5OHz and 0.85 pf lag by means
of a line. The series inpedance is 20-j5292 and total admittance is 315* 10°U.Using
NormalT methoddetermine A.,B.C.D parameters and regulation.

MEDIUM TRANSMISSIONILINE
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
R-input(Resistance
XL-input('Ihductive Reactance
XC=input(Capacitive Reactance :):
G-input(Conductance :);
length=input('Length of Transmission Line :);
finput(Frequency :);
ZI- (Rtj*XL)*length;
YI-(Gtj*XC)*length;
m-menu(ENTER THE TYPE OF NETWORK,NOMINAL T', NOMINAL PI);
switch m
case {1}
A = 1+(Zi*YI2);
B-Z1*(1+(ZI*Y1/4);
C=Yl;
D-A;
otherwise
A- 1+(Z1*Yi2);
B-Z1;
C-Y1(1ZI*YI/4);
D-A;
end
TM-[A B; CD);
VRL-input(ENTER RECEIVEING END VOLTAGE :);
VRP-VRJ(sqrt(3);
PR input(ENTER RECEIVINGEND LOAD IN MW
Pf-input( ENTERTHE RECEIVNG END LOAD POWER FACTOR :);
h=acos(Pf);
SR-PR/Pf;
SR-SR*(cos(h)+j* sin(h));
QR-imag(SR);
R-conj(SRY(3*conj(VRP));
SM-TM*VRP;IR];
VS-SM(1,1);
IS=SM(2,1);
Pfs-cos(angle(VS)-angle(IS);
SS-3*VS*conj(IS);

Page 24 of 155
 TSA-angle(VS)*(80 p):
ISA-angle IS)*(180 pi):
\'S-sqrt(3)*abs(V'S):
IS-abs( IS)*1000;
VREG-(VS (abs(TMl.))-VRL)VRL)* 100:
PS=real(SS):
QS=imag(SS):
eff-PRPS*100;
PL-PS-PR:
QL-QS-QR:
YI
TM
fprintf('SENDING END LINE VOLTAGE °og at "og degrees n';VS,VSA);
fprintf("'SENDING END LINE CURRENT °og at ag degrees n,IS,ISA);
fprintf("'SENDING END POWER FACTOR ogn.Pfs);
fprintf('SENDING END REALPOWER %gn.PS);
fprintf("SENDING END REACTIVE POWER %gin,QS);
fprintf("PERCENTAGE VOLTAGE REGULATION %ga,VREG);
fprintf(REAL POWER LOSS %g'n'PL);
fprintf(REACTIVEPOWER LOSS %g'n:QL);
fprintf( EFFICENCY%G, eff);

Page 25 of 155
NOMI LI
QUPU:
Resistance : 20
Inductive Reactance :52
Capacitive Reactance :315*104-6)
Conductance :0
Length of Transmission Line :1
Frequency :50
ENTER RECEIVENG END VOLTAGE :132
ENTER RECEVING END LOAD IN MW :30
ENTER THE RECEIVING END LOAD POWER FACTOR :0.85
ZI =
20.0000 +52.0000i
Yl=
0+3.1500e-004i
TM =
0.9918 + 0.003li 19.8362 +51.81861
0+0.00031 0.9918+ 0.0031i
SENDING END LINE VOLTAGE 143.035 at 3.76761 degrees
SENDING END LINE CURRENT 142.007 at -23.3284 degrees
SENDING END POWER FACTOR0.890244
SENDING END REAL POWER 31.3199
SENDING END REACTIVE POWER 16.0243
PERCENTAGE VOLTAGEREGULATION 9.25407
REALPOWER LOSS 1.31989
REACTIVE POWER LOSS -2.56785
EFFICIENCY 95.7858

Page 26 of 155
 reactance
line has total impedance of 35Q.
3.A S0Hz. 3 phase. 100km transn1ission 220KV, 0,9 pf lag
0f 140Q andshunt admittance of 930*10°0.It delivers 40MW at
pf. P, Q..1.
.Using nominal z determine A.B.C.DV,. VSA.kA.

NOMINAL PI

QUTPUT:
Resistance : 20
Inductive Reactance :52
Capacitive Reactance :315*10^-6)
Conductance :0
Length of Transmission Line :1
:50
Frequency
ENTER RECEIVEING END VOLTAGE : 132
ENTER RECEIVING END LOAD IN MW :30
:0.85
ENTER THE RECEIVING END LOAD POWER FACTOR

ZI =
20.0000 +52.0000i
Yl=
0 +3.1500e-004i
TM =

0.9918 +0.0031i 20.0000 +52.00001

-0.0000+0.0003i 0.9918+0.0031i

SENDING END LINE VOLTAGE 143.099 at 3.77321 degrees

SENDING END LINE CURRENT 142.011 at -23.3709 degrees
SENDING END POWER FACTOR 0.889862
SENDING END REAL POWER 31.3214
SENDING END REACTIVE POWER 16.0584
PERCENTAGE VOLTAGE REGULATION 9.30284
REALPOWER LOSS 1.32135
REACTVE POWER LOSS -2.53394
EFFKCIENCY 95.7813

Page 27 of 155
 1. A3 phase 50 Hz.240KV lne is 200m long. The line parameters are R-0.0172 ph km:
L-0.94nH ph km: C-0.011luF ph km.Calculate Iine perfornance when load is 500MW. 0.9
pf lag at 220KV.

LONG TRANSMISSIONLINE(ABCD CONSTANTS)

PROGRAN:
clc;
clear all:
R=input(Resistance :);
L-input(Ihductance
C=input(Capacitance
G-input(Conductance :);
length-input('Length of Transmission Line :);
f-input(frequenc y);
z= R+j*(2*pi*f*L*0.001);
y- Gtj*(2*pi*fC*0.000001);
gm-sqrtz*y);
Zc-sqrt(z/y);
m-menu(ENTER THE TYPE OF NETWORK:Equivalent PI, Equivalent T);
switch m
case {1}
ZI =z*sinh(gm*length)/(gm*length);
Yl= y*tanh(gmlength/2)(gm*length/2);
otherwise
Yl= y'sinh(gm°length)y(gm*length);
Z1z*tanh(gm*length/2)(gm*length/2);
end
A= 1+(Z1*YI/2);
B-Z1;
C-Y1{1+(Z1*YI4);
D=A;
TM-[AB; CD); Z-B;
Y-(2*tanh(gm length/2)/zc;
VRL-0nput( ENTER RECEIVENG END VOLTAGE :);
VRP-VRI/(sqrt(3));
PR input(ENTER RECEIVING END LOAD IN MW :);
P-input(ENTER THE RECEIVNG END LOAD POWER FACTOR :);
h-acos(Pf);
SR-PRPf;
SR-SR(cos(h)+j*sin(h);
QR-imag(SR);

Page 28 of 155
IR-conj(SR)(3*conj(VRP):
SM-TM*[VRP:R].
VS-SM(1:
IS-SM(2.):
Pfs-cos(angle(VS)- an gle( S)):
SS-3*VS*conj( S):
VSA-angle(V'S)*(180 pi):
ISA-angle(IS)*(180pi):
VS=sqrt(3)*abs(VS ):
IS-abs(IS)*1000:
VREG-((VS/(abs(TM(I.1)-VRL)VRL)*100;
PS-real(SS):
QS=imag(ss);
eff-PR/PS*100;
PL-PS-PR;
QL-QS-QR;

ZC
Z
Y
TM
fprintf(SENDING END VOLTAGE %g at og degrees n',VS,VSA);
fprintf(SENDING END CURRENT %g at 6g degrees n',IS, ISA);
fprintf(SENDING END POWER FACTOR %gn'Pfs);
fprintf("SENDING END REAL POWER %gn,PS);
fprintf("SENDING END REACTIVE POWER %gn',QS);
fprintf(PERCENTAGE VOLTAGE REGULATION %gn,VREG);
fprintf(REAL POWER LOSS %gn',PL);
fprintf(REACTIVE POWER LOSS %gn',QL);
fprintf(EFFICIENCY %G,eff);

Page 29 of 155
EQUVALENTPLVE JHOD
Resistance :0.0170
Inductance :0.94
Capacitane 0.01|1
Conductance :0
Length of Transmission Line :200
frequencys0
ENTER RECEVEING END VOLTAGE : 220
ENTER RECEVING END LOAD IN MW :500
ENTER THE RECEIVING END LOAD POWER FACTOR :0.9

Z =
0.0170+ 0.2953i
y=
0 +3.4872e-006i
ZC=
2.9113e+002 -8.3727e+000i
Z=
0.0168 + 0.2933i
Y=
1.3896e-007 +6.9984e-004i
TM =

1.0000 +0.0000i 0.0168+0.29331

0.0000 +0.0000i 1.0000 + 0.00001

SENDING END VOLTAGE 220.362 at 0.168518 degrees

SENDING END CURRENT 1457.76 at -25.8262 degrees
SENDING END POWERFACTOR 0.898834
SENDING END REAL POWER S00.107
SENDING END REACTIVE POWER 243.861
PERCENTAGE VOLTAGE REGULATION0.164499
REALPOWER LOSS 0.106943
REACTIVEPOWER LOSS 1.70041
EFFICIENCY 99.9786

Page 30 of 155
EQUVALENIIWIEIHOD

Resistalce 0.0170
Inductance 0.94
0.01||
Capacitance
Conductance 0
Length of Transnission Line : 200
frequencys0
ENTER RECEIVEING END VOLTAGE :220
ENTER RECEIVNGEND LOAD IN MW : 500
ENTER THE RECEVING END LOAD POWER FACTOR :0.9

0.0170 + 0.2953i
y=
0 +3.4872e-006i
ZC =
2.9113e+002 -8.3727e+000i
Z=
0.0171 + 0.2963i
Y=
1.3896e-007 +6.9984e-004i
TM =

1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0171 +0.2963i

-0.0000 +0.0000i l.0000 +0.0000i
SENDING END VOLTAGE 220.366 at 0.170206 degrees
SENDING END CURRENT 1457.76 at -25.8264 degrees
SENDING END POWER FACTOR0.89882
SENDING END REAL POWER S500.109
SENDING END REACTIVE POWER 243.883
PERCENTAGE VOLTAGE REGULATION 0.166386
REALPOWER LOSS 0. 109075
REACTIVE POWER LOSS 1.72148
EFFICIENCY 99.9782

Page 31 of 155
 $ The tollowing datarefers to a3phase overhead transmsson lme. The voltage is 220K\'
Totalseries mpedance ph-200L 30°. Total shunt
admittance ph- 0.0013 L 900. Load delivers is 100MWat 0.8pf lag. Using rigorous
method detemine line performance.

LONG IRANSMISSIONLINE (RIGOROUS MEJHOD)

PROGRAV:
clc:
clear all;
R=input(Resistance :):
XL=input('Inductive Reactance
XC-input(Capacitive Reactance
G-input(Conductance :):
length-input('Length of Transmission Line :);
finput(Frequency :);
z= (R+j*XL): y
(Gtj*XC): gm-sqt(z*y);
zc-sqrt(z/y);
A-cosh(gm*length);
B=zc*sinh(gm*length);
C=l/zc *sinh(gm*length);
D=A;
TM-{AB;C D]; Z-B;
Y-2/zc*tanh(gm*length/2);
VRL=input( ENTERRECEVENG END VOLTAGE
VRP=VXU(sqrt(3); LOAD IN MW
PR=input(ENTER RECEIVINGEND
Pf-input('ENTER THE RECEIVING END LOAD POWER FACTOR :):
h-acos(Pf);
SR-PRPf:
SR=SR(cos(h)+j*sin(h);
QR-imag(SR);
IR-coni(SRY(3*conj(VRP);
SM-TM*[VRP;IR];
VS-SM(1,1);
IS=SM(2,1);
Pfs-cos(angle(VS) angle (IS));
SS-3*VStconj(1S);
VSA-angle(VS)*(180/pi);
ISA-angle(IS)*(180pi);
VS-sqrt(3)*abs(VS);
IS-abs(IS)*1000;
VREG-((VS/(abs(TM(1,1)-VRL)/VRL)* 100;
PS-real(SS);
QS-imag(S(SS);
eff-PR/PS100;
PL-PS-PR;

Page 32 of 155
QL-QS-QR.
7

TM
fprintfi 'SENDINGEND VOLIAGE °og at og degrees n.VS,VSA);
fprintf 'SENDING END CURRENT °og at "og degrees n.S, SA);
fprintf('SENDING END POWER FACTOR °ogn. Pfs):
fprintf("'SENDINGEND REALPOWER ogn.PS):
fprintf("SENDING END REACTIVE POWER °%gn'.QS):
fprintf PERCENTAGE VOLTAGE REGULATION °og n,VREG):
fprintf( REALPOWER LOSS °ogn'",PL);
fprintf( REACTIVEPOWER LOSS %gn',QL);
fprintf( EFFICIENCY %G, eff):

Page 33 of 155
OUUPUI
Res1stance :35
lnductive Reactance 197
Capacitive Reactance :0.0013
Conductance :0
Length of Transmission Line :1
Frequency 50
ENTER RECEIVENG END VOLTAGE :220
ENTER RECEIVING END LOAD N MW : 100
ENTER THE RECEIVING END LOAD POWER FACTOR :0.8
Z=
3.5000e+001 +1.9700e+002i
y=
0+0.00131
ZC =
3.9080e+002 -3.4446e+001i
Z=
3.2069e+001 +1.8895e+002i
Y=
0.0000 + 0.00131
TM =
1.0e+002 *
0.0087+ 0.0002i 0.3207 + 1.Sel9si
-0.0000 +0.0000i 0.0087 + 0.0002i
SENDING END VOLTAGE 282.874 at 16.3752 degrees
SENDING END CURRENT 232.732 at -2.03335 degrees
SENDING END POWER FACTOR 0.948829
SENDING END REAL POWER 108.192
SENDING END REACTIVE POWER 36.0088
PERCENTAGE VOLTAGE REGULATION 46.9731
REALPOWER LOSS 8.19239
REACTIVE POWER LOSS -38.9912
EFFICIENCY 92.4279

RESULT:
Thus the line modeling of different types of transmission lines was done.

Page 34 of 155