Virtualization is a technique how to separate a guests, but virtualization also allows

service from the underlying physical delivery of aggregation, which is the opposite process.
that service. It is the process of creating a virtual Types of Virtualization:
version of something like computer hardware. It Hardware Virtualization: This type of
was initially developed during the mainframe virtualization allows multiple operating systems
era. It involves using specialized software to to run on the same hardware at the same time.
create a virtual or software created version of a It is achieved by using specialized software to
computing resource rather than the actual create a virtual or software-created version of a
version of the same resource. With the help of computing resource rather than the actual
Virtualization, multiple operating systems and version of the same resource. Hardware
applications can run on the same machine and virtualization plays a fundamental role in
its same hardware at the same time, increasing efficiently delivering Infrastructure-as-a-Service
the utilization and flexibility of hardware. In (IaaS) solutions for cloud computing.
other words, one of the main cost-effective, Operating System Virtualization: This type of
hardware-reducing, and energy-saving virtualization allows multiple instances of an
techniques used by cloud providers is operating system to run on a host machine
Virtualization. Virtualization allows sharing of a simultaneously. Each instance is isolated from
single physical instance of a resource or an the others and has its own set of resources, such
application among multiple customers and as CPU, memory, and storage. This type of
organizations at one time. It does this by virtualization is commonly used in server
assigning a logical name to physical storage and environments.
providing a pointer to that physical resource on Server Virtualization: This type of virtualization
demand. allows multiple virtual servers to run on a single
Benefits of Virtualization • More flexible and physical server. Each virtual server is isolated
efficient allocation of resources. • Enhance from the others and has its own operating
development productivity. • It lowers the cost of system, applications, and resources. Server
IT infrastructure. • Remote access and rapid virtualization is commonly used in data centers
scalability. • High availability and disaster to reduce hardware costs and improve resource
recovery. • Pay peruse of the IT infrastructure on utilization.
demand. • Enables running multiple operating Desktop Virtualization: This type of
systems. Characteristics of Virtualization : virtualization allows multiple virtual desktops to
Increased Security: The ability to control the run on a single physical machine. Each virtual
execution of a guest program in a completely desktop is isolated from the others and has its
transparent manner opens new possibilities for own operating system, applications, and
delivering a secure, controlled execution resources. Desktop virtualization is commonly
environment. All the operations of the guest used in enterprise environments to provide
programs are generally performed against the employees with access to their desktops from
virtual machine, which then translates and any device
applies them to the host programs. Managed Storage Virtualization: This type of virtualization
Execution: In particular, sharing, aggregation, allows multiple storage devices to be combined
emulation, and isolation are the most relevant into a single virtual storage device. This virtual
features. Sharing: Virtualization allows the device can be managed as a single entity, making
creation of a separate computing environment it easier to manage and allocate storage
within the same host. Aggregation: It is possible resources.
to share physical resources among several
#several methods of implementing storage level of virtualization is implemented at the
virtualization, including: application level and involves creating a virtual
In-Band Approach: In this method, the machine that emulates the applications of the
virtualized environment configuration is stored underlying system.
in the data path. It is a symmetric approach Cloud computing is Virtualization is
where the virtualization implementation takes used to provide pools used to make
and automated various simulated
place in the data path itself 12. Out-of-Band
resources that can be environments
Approach: In this method, the virtualization accessed on-demand. through a physical
implementation takes place external to the data hardware system.
path. It is an asymmetric approach where the
virtualized environment configuration is stored Cloud computing setup While virtualization
outside the data path 12. Host-Based is tedious, setup is simple as
Virtualization: This method is implemented at complicated. compared to cc
the host level, where the virtualization software
Cloud computing is While virtualization
is installed on the host machine. The is low scalable
high scalable.
virtualization software creates a virtual storage compared to cc.
pool that can be used by the host machine 3.
Storage Device-Based Virtualization: This
method is implemented at the storage device Cloud computing is While virtualization is
level, where the virtualization software is Very flexible. less flexible than cc
installed on the storage device. The virtualization
software creates a virtual storage pool that can In the condition of While it relies on
be used by the host machine 3. Network-Based disaster recovery, cloud single peripheral
Virtualization: This method is implemented at computing relies on device.
the network level, where the virtualization multiple machines.
software is installed on the network. The In cloud computing, the In virtualization,
virtualization software creates a virtual storage workload is stateless. the workload is
pool that can be used by the host machine 3. stateful.
*Levels of Virtualization Implementation: The total cost of cloud The total cost of
Instruction Set Architecture Level (ISA): This level computing is higher virtualization is lower
of virtualization is implemented at the processor than virtualization. than CC
level and involves creating a virtual machine that
emulates the instruction set architecture of the Cloud computing While single
underlying hardware. Hardware Abstraction Level requires many dedicated hardware
(HAL): This level of virtualization is implemented dedicated hardware. can do a great job in
at the hardware level and involves creating a it.
virtual machine that emulates the hardware of the In Cloud Computing, In Virtualization,
underlying system 23. Operating System Level: Configuration is image Configuration is
This level of virtualization is implemented at the based. template based.
operating system level and involves creating a types : Public cloud and types : Hardware
virtual machine that emulates the operating Private cloud. virtualization and
system of the underlying system. Library Support Appli. virtualization.
Level: This level of virtualization is implemented at
provides unlimited depends on physical
the library level and involves creating a virtual
storage space. server
machine that emulates the libraries of the
underlying system. User-Application Level: This
Hardware Virtualization is also popularly known in the cluster. Live migration: of virtual machines
as Server Virtualization because it refers to a from one host to other.
single physical server that consolidates multiple Virtual Clusters & Resource Management
physical servers into virtual servers for running In a traditional VM initialization, the
the key physical server. Every small server has administrator manually writes configuration
the capability to host a virtual machine, but if information/specify the configuration sources.
any task requires Hardware, it will treat the With many VMs, an inefficient configuration
entire server cluster as one device. always causes problems with overloading or
Types of Hardware Virtualization underutilization. Amazon’s EC2 provides elastic
Full Virtualization: If we discuss full computing power in a cloud. EC2 permits
Virtualization, it is underlying Hardware that is customers to create VMs and to manage user
entirely simulated. The Guest software does not accounts over the time of their use (resizable
need to perform any modifications to run appli… capacity).
Emulation Virtualization : Moving on towards Application of virtualization
the second Virtualization type, it is known as 1:Server Consolidation
Emulation Virtualization. In this type of Virtual machines are used to consolidate many
Virtualization, the virtual machine simulates the physical servers into fower sorvers. Each physical
Hardware, thus becoming independent of it. In server is reflected as a virtual machine "guest".
this Virtualization, the guest operating system is They reside on a virtual machine host system.
not required to perform any modifications. 2 Disaster Recovery
Para-Virtualization: The Hardware is not Virtual machines can be used as "hot standby"
simulated in Para-Virtualization. Here, the Guest environments for physical production servers.
software must run its own isolated domains. Virtual storage can be replicated and transferred
#*Virtual clustering is a technique that allows to another location. Virtualization is very useful
you to create a cluster of virtual machines (VMs) in planning for disaster recovery.
that can be managed as a single entity. It is a type Testing and Training
of virtualization that enables you to create a Virtualization can give root access to a virtual
group of VMs that can work together to perform machine. This can be very useful such as in
a specific task Virtual clustering is used to kernel development and operating system
improve the availability, scalability, and courses.
manageability of applications and services . It Portable Applications
allows you to create a highly available Portable applications are needed when running
environment by providing redundancy and an application from a removable drive, without
failover capabilities . Virtual clustering also installing it on the system's main disk drive.
enables you to scale your applications and Virtualization can be used to store temporary
services by adding or removing VMs as needed . fles, windows registry entries and other
As with traditional physical servers, virtual information in the application's installation
machines (VMs) can also be clustered. A VM directory and not within the systerms
cluster starts with two or more physical servers. permanent file system.
HA: virtual machines can be restarted on Portable Workspaces
another hosts if the host where the virtual Recent technologies have used virtualization to
machine running fails create portable workspaces on devices like iPods
DRS (Distributed Resource Scheduler): virtual and USB memory sticks.
machines can be load balanced so that none of
the hosts is too overloaded or too much empty
Classify the Firewall best on the OSI layer. and requirements change, it's essential to
1)Network Layer (Layer 3) Firewalls: optimize the cloud environment for efficiency
Network layer firewalls operate at the network and cost-effectiveness. 5)Review and Evaluation:
layer of the OSI model, analyzing IP packets. Periodic reviews are conducted to assess the
Examples include packet-filtering firewalls and performance, security, and cost-effectiveness of
network address translation (NAT) firewalls. the cloud infrastructure. 6)Scaling and Growth:
They can filter traffic based on source and As the organization's needs evolve, the cloud
destination IP addresses, port numbers, and infrastructure should be capable of scaling to
protocols. 2. Transport Layer (Layer 4) Firewalls: accommodate increased demand.
Transport layer firewalls operate at the transport # Host security in saas,aas ‚paas? SaaS
layer of the OSI model, examining TCP and UDP (Software as a Service): In SaaS, the application
packets. Examples include stateful firewalls and and data reside on the service provider's
circuit-level gateways. They can monitor the infrastructure Host security focuses on securing
state of network connections and enforce rules the underlying infrastructure, including the
based on TCP/UDP ports and IP addresses. servers and databases hosting the SaaS
3. Application Layer (Layer 7) Firewalls: application. Host security ensures the integrity,
Application layer firewalls operate at the availability, and confidentiality of the SaaS
application layer of the OSI model, inspecting application and its data, safeguarding it from
application-level data. … unauthorized access, data breaches, and other
Firewalls play a crucial role in network security security risks. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service):
by monitoring and controlling incoming and In IaaS, customers have control over the
outgoing network traffic based on defined rules virtualized infrastructure, including servers,
and policies. The choice of firewall type depends storage, and networking. Host security in laaS
on the specific security requirements, network involves securing the underlying host servers
architecture, and the level of control and and hypervisors that power the virtual machines
visibility needed for the network traffic. (VMs) and the customer's infrastructure. Host
Draw and explain cloud computing life cycle. security ensures the protection of the underlying
1)Planning and Analysis: This initial stage infrastructure, preventing unauthorized access,
involves assessing the requirements and goals of data leakage, and potential attacks on the host
the organization. It includes analyzing existing environment, which could impact the
infrastructure, determining what workloads customer's VMs and data. PaaS (Platform as a
should move to the cloud, and planning the Service): In PaaS, customers utilize the provider's
migration strategy. 2)Deployment: In this stage, platform and tools to develop, deploy, and
the chosen cloud infrastructure is set up. It manage their applications Host security focuses
on securing the underlying platform
involves provisioning virtual machines,
infrastructure, including the servers, runtime
configuring networking, and deploying
environments, and databases It involves
necessary services such as databases, storage,
implementing security measures such as access
and security mechanisms. 3)Operation and
controls, authentication and authorization
Maintenance: Once deployed, the cloud
mechanisms, secure coding practices, and secure
infrastructure requires ongoing management.
storage of application data. Host security ensures
This includes monitoring the performance, the integrity and availability of the PaaS platform,
ensuring security compliance, applying updates, protects customer applications and data from
scaling resources as needed, and unauthorized access, and helps mitigate the risk of
troubleshooting any issues that arise. security vulnerabilities and breaches.
4)Optimization: Over time, as the usage patterns
Types of Data Security:-1.Access Controls-This increase deployment speed, and ensure
type of data security measure includes limiting consistency.
both physical and digital access to critical Load balancing:External-facing services,
systems and data. This includes making sure all middleware, and application server tiers should
computers and devices are protected with be load-balanced. Strong authentication:
mandatory login entry, and that physical spaces All service-to-service and non-public client-to-
can only be entered by authorized personnel. service connections should require strong
2. Authentication-Similar to access controls, authentication. Encryption: Data sent across
authentication refers specifically to accurately connections should be encrypted.
identifying users before they Lose access to data. Observability: Focus on the ability to monitor
This usually includes things like passwords, PINs, system behavior at the host, service, and API
security tokens, swipe cards, or biometrics. levels. Horizontal splitting: Split applications
3.Backups and Recovery: Good data security into multiple services, each designed to support
means you have a plan to securely access data in horizontal splitting. Infrastructure as code: Use
the event of system failure disaster, data tools like Terraform or CloudFormation to
corruption, or breac. 4. Date Erasure- You'll want automate infrastructure provisioning
to dispose of data properly and regularly. Data and configuration.
erasure employs software to completely ## Here are four types of threats and attacks in
overwrite data on any storage device and is more cloud computing, and the security goals they
secure than standard data wiping Data erasure affect:
verifies that the data is unrecoverable and Ransomware
therefore won't fall into the wrong hands. A type of malware that encrypts data and
5. Data Masking-By using data masking demands a ransom to restore it. Ransomware is
software, information is hidden by obscuring a serious threat to data security for organizations
letters and numbers with proxy characters. This of all sizes.
effectively masks key information even if an Ransomware
unauthorized party gains access to it. The date A type of malware that encrypts data and
changes back to its original form only when an demands a ransom to restore it. Ransomware is
authorized user receives it. 6. Data Resiliency- a serious threat to data security for organizations
Comprehensive data security means that your of all sizes.
systems can endure or recover from Insider threats
failures.7.Encryption-A computer algorithm Malicious employees or contractors can pose a
transforms text characters into an unreadable risk to cloud security by stealing data, sabotaging
format vis encryption keys Only authorized systems, or committing fraud.
users. Phishing
A social engineering attack that tricks users into
## Cloud-Oriented Architecture (COA) is the giving up confidential information like login
structure of an information system, including the credentials, credit card information, and more.
components, systems, and procedures that Misconfiguration
make it up. Some design principles for cloud When computing assets are set up incorrectly,
computing architecture include they can become vulnerable to attacks.
Automation: Automate as many tasks as Examples include unsecured data containers,
possible, including deployment, scaling, and disabled security controls, and
monitoring. This can reduce human error, excess permissions.
The Google App Engine (GAE) application life actual storage used. Customers pay for a
cycle includes several aspects, including: complete storage volume for managed storage
Runtimes: GAE runtimes are identified by their services, such as managed discs attached to
language version, such as Python 3.10 or Java 17. compute instances, regardless of how much
Google provides support for runtimes during storage is used up on the volume.
General Availability (GA), which includes regular ##Microsoft Azure is a comprehensive cloud
updates for security and bug fixes. Google will computing platform provided by Microsoft,
notify customers before a runtime reaches the offering a wide range of services like compute,
end of its support phase.App versions: GAE storage, networking, databases, analytics, AI, and
allows developers to host multiple versions of an more, allowing users to build, deploy, and manage
app on Google Cloud. Developers can use these applications across environments, all accessible
versions for A/B testing and feature rollouts by through a web-based portal. it's a platform for
splitting traffic between them.Instances: GAE hosting and managing data, applications, and
scales the number of instances running to services in the cloud, with a focus on scalability,
provide uniform performance. It can scale down flexibility, and security. Key points about Azure:
to reduce idle instances and costs. Shutdowns: Diverse Services:Provides a vast array of services
including virtual machines, cloud storage,
Instances can be shut down for a variety of
databases (SQL and NoSQL), serverless computing,
reasons, including Too many instances and not
machine learning tools, IoT capabilities, and
enough app requests. Manually
more.Hybrid Cloud Integration:Seamlessly
stopping an instance.
connects on-premise infrastructure with the
## Cloud Cost Models are dynamic given the
cloud, enabling hybrid cloud deployments. Global
erratic nature of supply and demand. These are Reach: Extensive network of data centers
auction-based, time-based, or cost-based, worldwide, ensuring low latency and high
depending on various factors. There are three availability for users across different regions.
cloud pricing strategies: value-based, fact-based, Developer Friendly: Supports multiple
and market-based. Value-based costs are driven programming languages and frameworks, making
by demand, cost-based costs are driven by it easy for developers to build and manage
supply, and an equilibrium of supply and applications. Security Features:Robust security
demand drives the market-based cloud model. measures including encryption, access controls,
Cloud Cost Components : Compute: Most cloud and compliance certifications to
service providers offer various compute instance protect sensitive data.
types, each with a different set of CPU and Google Cloud Platform (GCP) offers a variety of
memory capabilities and, occasionally, services, including:
specialized hardware like fast networking or Storage: GCP provides storage services
graphics acceleration. The customer pays Computing: GCP offers computing power,
depending on how many, what kind, and how including Google Compute Engine, which allows
long each instance is used. Networking: Most users to launch virtual machines on demand
cloud services charge clients based on the Databases: GCP provides database services
amount of data transported into, out of, or both Networking: GCP offers networking services
into the cloud service. There can be additional Machine learning: GCP offers machine learning
fees for virtualized network services such as services
static IP addresses, load balancers, and Analytics: GCP offers analytics services
gateways. Storage: Storage as a service is Serverless computing: GCP offers serverless
provided by cloud providers. Customers that use computing through Cloud
elastic storage services pay per GB-month of Functions and App Engine.
Describe the characteristics and features of Network: Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
Amazon EC2 Computer service. provides a private network in the cloud.
Scalability: EC2 allows users to easily scale Database: Amazon Relational Database Service
computing resources up or down based on (RDS) provides a managed relational database
demand. It provides the ability to launch service.
multiple instances simultaneously and add or Serverless computing: AWS Lambda allows
remove instances as needed, ensuring optimal developers to run code without managing
resource utilization. Elasticity: EC2 enables the servers.
automatic scaling of instances based on NoSQL databases: Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon
predefined conditions. Users can configure auto- Neptune, Amazon DocumentDB, and Amazon
scaling groups to dynamically adjust the number Keyspaces are managed NoSQL databases.
of instances based on metrics such as CPU Data caches: Amazon ElastiCache, Amazon
utilization, network traffic, or custom-defined MemoryDB, and DynamoDB Accelerator are in-
parameters. Flexibility: EC2 offers a wide range memory and real-time data caches.
of instance types with varying computing, Data warehouse: Amazon Redshift offers a data
memory, storage, and networking capabilities. warehouse for business intelligence tasks.
Users can select the instance type that best suits Migration: AWS Migration Hub monitors and
their specific workload requirements, ensuring manages migrations from on premises to the
optimal performance and cost efficiency. cloud. Data streams: Amazon Kinesis processes
Virtualization: EC2 uses virtualization large-scale data streams in real-time.
technology to provide users with virtual machine ##AWS Load Balancing Services
instances, known as EC2 instances. These 1.Application Load Balancer (ALB)
instances are isolated and customizable virtual •Designed for HTTP/HTTPS traffic.
environments that can be provisioned and •Operates at the application layer
managed independently. Availability: EC2 •Supports advanced routing based on
provides high availability through its multiple hostnames, paths, or HTTP headers.
Availability Zones (AZs). Each AZ is a distinct •Ideal for microservices and container-based
location within a geographic region, equipped architectures.
with its own power, cooling, and networking 2.Network Load Balancer (NLB)
infrastructure. Security: EC2 offers various •Handles TCP, UDP, and TLS traffic.
security features to protect instances and data. •Operates at the transport layer.
These include secure access using SSI keys or •Designed for ultra-low latency and high
AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM), throughput scenarios.
security groups to control inbound and •Can handle millions of requests per second.
outbound traffic, virtual private cloud (VPC) for 3.Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB)
network isolation, and encryption options for •Operates at Layer 3 (network layer).
data at rest and in transit •Enables the deployment of third-party virtual
##Amazon Web Services (AWS) has many appliances seamlessly.
components, including: •Provides scaling and redundancy for these
Compute: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) appliances.
provides scalable computing power in the cloud. 4.Classic Load Balancer (CLB)
Storage: Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) •Operates at both Layer 4 and Layer 7.
provides scalable object storage for data and •Supports HTTP/HTTPS and TCP protocols.
applications. •Legacy option; often replaced by ALB or NLB for
new applications..
U6. Describe the different types of distributed ## con… of Internet of Things (loT).
systems. Components of the Internet of Things
1. Client/Server Systems: The Client-Server (loT):1.Devices and Sensors: IoT is comprised
System is the most basic communication method of various physical devices and sensors that
where the client sends input to the server and collect and generate data. These devices can
the server replies to the client with an output. include sensors, actuators, wearables, smart
The client requests the server for resources or a appliances, and more.
task to do, the server allocates the resource or 2.Connectivity: IoT devices rely on various
performs the task and sends the result in the connectivity technologies to enable
form of a response to the request of the client. communication and data transfer. This can
Client Server System can be applied with include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks,
multiple servers. 2. Peer-to-Peer Systems: Peer-
RFID, NFC, and other wireless protocols.
to-Peer System communication model works as
3.Data Processing: IoT involves the processing
a decentralized model in which the system works
and analysis of massive amounts of data
like both Client and Server. Nodes are an
generated by connected devices. This may
important part of a system. In this, each node
involve edge computing, cloud computing, or a
performs its task on its local memory and shares
combination of both to handle data storage,
data through the supporting medium, this node
can work as a server or as a client for a system. processing, and analysis.
Programs in the peer-to-peer system can 4. Cloud Infrastructure: IoT applications often
communicate at the same level without any utilize cloud-based platforms and
hierarchy. 3. Middleware: Middleware can be infrastructure for data storage, scalability, and
thought of as an application that sits between accessibility. Cloud services provide a flexible
two separate applications and provides service and scalable environment to manage and
to both. It works as a base for different process IoT data.
interoperability applications running on different Characteristics of Internet of Things (loT):
operating systems. Data can be transferred to 1.Connectivity: IoT is characterized by the
other between others by using this service. interconnectivity of devices, enabling seamless
4. Three-tier: Three-tier system uses a separate communication and data exchange.
layer and server for each function of a program. 2.Sensor-driven: IoT relies heavily on sensors
In this data of the client is stored in the middle that collect data from the environment or
tier rather than sorted into the client system or device itself. Sensors can measure
on their server through which development can temperature, humidity, light, motion, and
be done easily. It includes an Application Layer, other parameters 3.Data-driven: IoT generates
Data Layer, and Presentation Layer. This is mostly vast amounts of data from connected devices,
used in web or online applications. which can be analyzed to gain insights,
5. N-tier: Ntier is also called a multitier optimize operations, and enable intelligent
distributed system. The N-tier system can decision-making
contain any number of functions in the network. 4. Automation and Control: IoT enables
N-tier systems contain similar structures to automation and control of devices and systems
three-tier architecture. When interoperability
remotely. This allows for remote monitoring,
sends the request to another application to
management, and control of connected
perform a task or to provide a service. N-tier is
devices or processes.
commonly used in web applications and data
systems.
## different IoT-enabling technologies. ## distributed computing works:
IoT-enabling technologies: Sharing workloads: Each node handles its own
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs): workload, but the overall load is shared
A network of small, low-power sensors deployed dynamically between all nodes.
in a specific area to collect environmental data like Adding nodes: Nodes can be brought online in real
temperature, pressure, humidity, and vibration, time to handle process-intensive workloads.
transmitting it wirelessly to a central gateway for Isolating failures: Any point of failure remains
further processing. Cloud Computing: Provides isolated from the rest of the system.
scalable computing power and storage to manage Using networks: Components in a distributed
the vast amount of data generated by IoT devices, system share information through a local area
allowing for real-time analysis and application network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN).
development in the cloud. Embedded Systems: Distributed computing is used in many
Small, dedicated computer systems integrated applications, including:
within IoT devices to handle data acquisition, • Encrypting large volumes of data
processing, and communication with minimal • Solving physics and chemical equations
power consumption. • Rendering 3D video animations
Connectivity Protocols : Bluetooth Low Energy • Data processing in big data applications
(BLE): Ideal for short-range, low-power • Scientific simulations. Complex web services.
communication between nearby IoT devices, like
wearables and smart home appliances. Wi-Fi: # Online networking can have many benefits
Widely used for connecting IoT devices to the over traditional networking, including:
internet, offering higher data rates compared to Convenience: You can stay home and make
BLE. Cellular Networks (LTE, 5G): Enable wide- connections instead of traveling to conferences.
area connectivity for IoT devices requiring reliable Cost: Online networking is low-cost, requiring
and high-bandwidth communication. only a laptop and a strong internet connection.
# "WSN" stands for "Wireless Sensor Network," Accessibility: Online networking offers global
which refers to a network of small, interconnected reach and diversity. Inclusivity: It's easier for
sensors that collect data from the environment everyone to ask questions and get answers at
and transmit it to a central cloud server for online networking events. Comfort: Online
storage, processing, and analysis, allowing for networking can feel less intimidating than
large-scale monitoring and management of traditional networking. Breaking the ice: It's
various physical phenomena across a wide area; easier to break the ice with other attendees on a
essentially, integrating the data collection computer screen. Level of engagement: You can
capabilities of WSNs with the computational decide the level of engagement, such as whether
power and storage capacity of the cloud. to talk to someone face-to-face.
## Big data analytics in cloud computing is the use Other benefits of networking include:
of cloud computing to store, manage, and analyze • Access to job opportunities
large amounts of data. Big data analytics involves • Professional connections
collecting, processing, and deriving insights from • Career advice
data sets that are high in volume and velocity, and • New ideas
come from a variety of sources. Cloud computing • Valuable information
provides the infrastructure and computing • Building relationships
resources needed to store and process this data at • Gaining a competitive edge
scale. Big data analytics and cloud computing are • Raising your personal profile
complementary technologies that can help • Building confidence
organizations gain insights, optimize operations,
and predict future outcomes.
## Professional networking is crucial for career connected devices can notify your trusted
development as it allows individuals to build contacts during emergencies.
relationships with others in their industry, which 6.Event Networking: At events, IoT badges or
can lead to access to new job opportunities, devices can help you connect with people
valuable career advice, industry insights, and automatically. Benefits: Easier sharing,
knowledge sharing, ultimately enhancing their personalized experiences, and more meaningful
professional growth and competitive edge within connections.
their field. ## IoT stands for Internet of Things, and it's a
Key benefits of professional networking: network of physical objects that are connected
Job opportunities: Access to unadvertised job and exchange data with other devices and
openings through connections within your systems over the internet. These objects, also
network, increasing the chances of finding known as "smart objects", can include: Smart
relevant positions. thermostats, Smartwatches, RFID-enabled
Career advice and mentorship:Gain guidance and clothing, Industrial machinery, and Transportation
insights from experienced professionals in your systems.
field, helping you navigate career decisions and Smart Cities: Cities can be made more efficient so
challenges. Industry knowledge and updates: that they require fewer resources and are more
Stay informed about current trends, market energy-efficient. This can be done with a
developments, and emerging technologies by combination of sensors in different capacities all
interacting with peers in your industry. over the city that can be used for various tasks
Building reputation and credibility: Establishing ranging from managing the traffic, controlling
yourself as a knowledgeable and reliable handling waste management, creating smart
professional within your field through networking buildings, optimizing streetlights, etc.
interactions. Collaboration and partnership Smart Healthcare: There are many applications of
opportunities: Connect with potential IoT in the Healthcare Industry where doctors can
collaborators or partners for projects or business monitor patients remotely through a web of
ventures. Personal development: Expanding interconnected devices and machines without
your professional network can boost confidence needing to be in direct contact with them. This is
and communication skills through engaging with very useful if the patients don’t have any serious
diverse individuals. Diversity of thought: problems or if they have any infectious diseases
Exposure to different perspectives and like COVID-19 these days.
experiences from individuals in various roles Smart Agriculture: Food is an integral part of life
within your industry. without which we cannot survive. However, it is
## Describe the IoT application for online social an unfortunate fact that a lot of food is wasted in
networking developed countries like America while people
1.Automatic Updates:Fitness trackers can share starve in poorer countries like Chad, Sudan, etc.
workout progress (e.g., steps taken) directly on One way to feed everyone is through better
social media. Smart home devices can post fun agricultural practices which can be enhanced
updates, like energy saved or a recipe suggestion. using IoT applications.
2.Real-Time Location Sharing: Wearables or Smart Vehicles: Smart vehicles or self-driving cars
phones can share your location with friends are Iot applications as they can be called are
during meetups or events. 3.Live Streaming: pretty dependent on IoT. These cars have a lot of
Drones or IoT cameras let you share live videos or features that are integrated with each other and
photos instantly. 4.Personalized Suggestions: need to communicate such as the sensors that
Based on data from devices, social networks can handle navigation, various antennas, controls for
recommend groups, events, or posts you might speeding or slowing down, etc.
like. 5.Emergency Alerts: Smartwatches or