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Polynomials

The document provides an overview of polynomials, including definitions of monomials, binomials, and trinomials, as well as their degrees and evaluation methods. It also covers operations such as adding, subtracting, and multiplying polynomials, along with examples and applications. The document concludes with methods for dividing polynomials and emphasizes the importance of combining like terms.

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Sandeep Singh Bisht
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16 views37 pages

Polynomials

The document provides an overview of polynomials, including definitions of monomials, binomials, and trinomials, as well as their degrees and evaluation methods. It also covers operations such as adding, subtracting, and multiplying polynomials, along with examples and applications. The document concludes with methods for dividing polynomials and emphasizes the importance of combining like terms.

Uploaded by

Sandeep Singh Bisht
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Polynomials

4-4 to 4-8
Learning Objectives 4-4
 Polynomials
 Monomials, binomials, and trinomials
 Degree of a polynomials
 Evaluating polynomials functions
Polynomials

 Polynomials are sums of these "variables and exponents"


expressions.

 Each piece of the polynomial, each part that is being


added, is called a "term". Polynomial terms have
variables which are raised to whole-number exponents (or
else the terms are just plain numbers).

 There are no square roots of variables, no fractional


powers, and no variables in the denominator of any
fractions.
Polynomials
 A typical polynomial:
Polynomials

This is NOT ...because the variable has a


6x –2
a polynomial term... negative exponent.

x2 This is NOT ...because the variable is in the


a polynomial term... denominator.
y

This is NOT ...because the variable is inside a


x a polynomial term... radical.

4x2 This IS a polynomial term... ...because it obeys all the rules.


Polynomial Degrees
 Second-degree polynomial, 4x2, x2 – 9, or
ax2 + bx + c
 Third-degree polynomial, –6x3 or x3 – 27
 Fourth-degree polynomial, x4 or 2x4 – 3x2 + 9
 Fifth-degree polynomial, 2x5 or x5 – 4x3 – x + 7
Monomial
 An expression containing only one term is called a
monomial.
Example: 7, x, 7x, -6x, ab, etc.

 A monomial is a number, a variable, or the product of


a number and one or more variables with whole
number exponents.

 Not a monomial: 8 + x, 2/n, 5x, a-1, -3x-3, x2.5


Binomial and Trinomial
 Binomial: An expression containing two terms is
called a binomial.
Examples: 7x+5, 6y - p

 Trinomial: An expression containing three terms is


called a trinomial.
Examples: 2x+3y-4z
Monomial, Binomial, and Trinomial

Type Definition Example


Monomial A polynomial with one term 5x
Binomial A polynomial with two terms 5x - 10
Trinomial A polynomial with three terms
Evaluating Polynomial Functions
 “Evaluating” a polynomial is the same as evaluating
anything else: you plug in the given value of x, and
figure out what y is supposed to be.

 Evaluate f(x) = 2x3 – x2 – 4x + 2 at f(-3)


Examples

h( x) x3 x 2 x 3
Find:
a) h(0)
b) h(-3)
Evaluating Polynomial Functions
The revenue ($) that a mfg. of desks receives is given
by the polynomial function: f(d) = -0.08d2 + 100d
where d is the number of desks.

a) Find the total revenue if 625 desks are made.


b) Does increasing the number of desks being made to 650
increase the revenue?
Section 4.4 Review
 Polynomials
 Monomials, binomials, and trinomials
 Degree of a polynomials
 Evaluating polynomials functions
Section 4.5 Learning Objective
 Adding and subtracting monomials
 Adding and subtracting polynomials
 Adding and subtracting multiples of polynomials
 An application of adding polynomials
Remember Like Terms?

4x and 3 NOT like terms The second term has no variable

The second term now has a variable,


4x and 3y NOT like terms but it doesn't match the variable of
the first term

The second term now has the same variable,


4x and 3x2 NOT like terms
but the degree is different

Now the variables match and the


4x and 3x LIKE TERMS
degrees match
Adding and Subtracting Monomials
 Step 1: Remove the ( ).
 Step 2: Combine like terms.

 Examples:
4ab + (-2ab) =

4ab - (-2ab) =

6x2 - x2 =
Adding Polynomials
Examples:
 (5p2 – 3) + (2p2 – 3p3)

 (4 + 2n3) + (5n3 + 2)
Subtracting Polynomials
Examples:
 (a3 – 2a2) - (3a2 – 4a3)

 (4r3 + 3r4) – (r4 – 5r3)


Adding & Subtracting Multiples of
Polynomials
Example:

Add 3(x2 + 4x) and 2(x2 – 4)


Application #1
A house is purchased for $105,000 and is expected to
appreciate $900 per year, its value y after x years is
given by the polynomial function
f(x) = 900x + 105,000.

a) What is the expected values in 10 years?


Application #2
A house second home is purchased for $120,000 and
is expected to appreciate $1,000 per year.

a) Find a polynomial function that will give the


appreciated value y of the house in x years.
b) Find the value of this second house after 12 years.
Section 4.5 Review
 Adding and subtracting monomials
 Adding and subtracting polynomials
 Adding and subtracting multiples of polynomials
 An application of adding polynomials
Section 4.6 Learning Objectives
 Multiplying monomials
 Multiplying a polynomial by a monomial
 Multiplying a binomial by a binomial
 The FOIL method
 Special products
 Multiplying a polynomial by a binomial
 Multiplying three polynomials
 Multiplying binomials to solve equations
Multiplying Monomials
 When multiplying two monomials, multiply the
numerical factors and then multiply the variable
factors.

 Example:
30x33y7
(5x2y3)(6x3y4)
Multiplying a Polynomial by a Monomial
 Use the distributive property to remove parentheses
and simplify.

 Example:
2x3(3x2 – 5x)
Multiplying a Binomial by a Binomial
 Multiply each term of one binomial by each term of
the other binomial and combine like terms.

 Example:
(x + 3)(x + 2)

(x + 3y)(2x − 5y)
The FOIL Method
F First terms
O Outside terms
I Inside terms
L Last terms

Find the product of (z + 3)(z + 1)

One way to keep track of your distributive property is to Use the FOIL
method. Note that this method only works on (Binomial)(Binomial).
The Vertical Method and Grid Method
Multiply: (x + 2)(x + 3)
The vertical method:

The grid method:


Examples
 Find each product:

1. (3y – 2)2

2. (5t – 2u)(2t + 3u)


Special Products
 Square of the sums:
(x + y)2 = X2 + 2xy +y2

 The square of the differences:


(x – y )2 = X2 – 2xy +y2

 Product of the sum and difference of two terms:


(a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2
Examples
 (z + 6)2

 (7x – 2)2

 (5m – 9n)(5m + 9n)


Multiplying a polynomial by a binomial
 Rule: To multiply one polynomial by another, multiply
each term of one polynomial by each term of the
other polynomial and combine like terms.
Examples
 (3x + 2)(2x2 – 4x + 5)

 (-2x2 + 3)(2x2 – 4x -1)


Multiplying Three Polynomials
 -2y(y + 3)(3y – 2)

 Solve the equation:


 (x + 2)(x + 3) = x(x + 7)
Dividing by Polynomials Monomials

2 3
5p q
4
10 pq

4 8b
4
Dividing Polynomials by Polynomials
 Divide x 2 x2 5x 6

2
 Divide x 1 x 9 x 10
Dividing Polynomials by Polynomials
2
 Divide 11x 10 x 3 by 5x + 3

P339, 22

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