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Git and GitHub Summary

Git is an open-source distributed version control system that allows multiple developers to track changes, collaborate, and revert to previous versions of files. GitHub, built on top of Git, provides additional features such as user-friendly interfaces, issue tracking, and project management tools. The document outlines core concepts, basic commands, workflows, and benefits of using Git and GitHub for version control and collaboration.

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16 views5 pages

Git and GitHub Summary

Git is an open-source distributed version control system that allows multiple developers to track changes, collaborate, and revert to previous versions of files. GitHub, built on top of Git, provides additional features such as user-friendly interfaces, issue tracking, and project management tools. The document outlines core concepts, basic commands, workflows, and benefits of using Git and GitHub for version control and collaboration.

Uploaded by

adityasharmaind75
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Git and GitHub Summary

Version Control System (VCS)


Definition: A system that manages changes to files over time, allowing users to track
modifications and revert to previous versions.

Addresses two major problems:


1. Sharing of code: Enables multiple developers to share and collaborate on code

2. Versioning: Maintains history of changes and allows reverting to previous versions

Centralized vs Distributed Version Control Systems


Centralized Version Control Systems (e.g., SVN, CVS):
All developers communicate through a single central server

If central server goes down, developers cannot share code


Single point of failure

Examples: SVN (Subversion), CVS

Distributed Version Control Systems (e.g., Git):


Multiple copies of the repository can exist

Developers can work independently

No single point of failure

Each developer can have their own copy of the entire repository
Examples: Git

Git vs GitHub
Git:
Open-source distributed version control system

Command-line tool you install locally


Tracks changes in files

Can be self-hosted on your own server

GitHub (also GitLab, BitBucket):


Services built on top of Git

Provide additional features:


User-friendly interfaces

Issue tracking
Code review tools
Project management features

Pull requests
Collaboration tools

Git Core Concepts


Repository: A collection of files tracked by Git
Fork: A copy of a repository that allows you to freely experiment without affecting the original
project
Branch: A separate line of development

Commit: A snapshot of changes at a specific point in time

Main/Master: The default branch name

Basic Git Commands


1. git init : Initialize a new Git repository

2. git status : Check the status of your files (tracked, modified, etc.)

3. git add [file] : Start tracking a file or stage changes for commit

4. git commit -m "message" : Create a snapshot of changes with a descriptive message

5. git log : View history of commits

6. git diff : See changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc.

7. git reset --hard [commit] : Reset to a specific commit (discards all changes after that
commit)
8. git push : Send commits to a remote repository (like GitHub)

Git Workflow Example


1. Create a folder for your project

2. Initialize Git repository using git init

3. Create/modify files

4. Check status with git status (shows untracked files)

5. Track files with git add [filename]

6. Commit changes with git commit -m "message"

7. Make more changes to files

8. View differences with git diff

9. Stage and commit changes again


10. View history with git log

11. Revert to previous versions if needed with git reset --hard [commit-id]
GitHub Usage
Create a GitHub account
Create a new repository

Options when creating:


Public vs Private repositories

Initialize with README


Add .gitignore or license

Connect local repository to GitHub

Push code to GitHub for sharing

Fork repositories to create your own copy

Collaborate with other developers

Hidden .git Directory


Created when initializing a Git repository

Contains:
Objects folder: Stores all file versions
Refs: Contains references to commits

Hooks: Custom scripts for Git events


Config: Repository configuration

HEAD: Reference to the current commit

Advanced Concepts Mentioned


Git hooks: Scripts that run automatically when certain events occur
CI/CD with GitHub: Automated testing and deployment

Project management features

Organization management

Security features

Benefits of Git and GitHub


Better collaboration between developers
Complete history of changes

Ability to revert to previous versions

Code backup
Distributed nature prevents single points of failure

Open source community and collaboration

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