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basics-php

The document provides an overview of PHP, a widely-used open-source scripting language for web development. It covers the basics of PHP files, variables, functions, and examples of PHP code, as well as installation instructions for the XAMPP server. Additionally, it includes resources for further learning and tools for coding in PHP.

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ilyaskhan012786
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

basics-php

The document provides an overview of PHP, a widely-used open-source scripting language for web development. It covers the basics of PHP files, variables, functions, and examples of PHP code, as well as installation instructions for the XAMPP server. Additionally, it includes resources for further learning and tools for coding in PHP.

Uploaded by

ilyaskhan012786
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

basics-php.

md 12/19/2022

PHP
updated on: 19-Dec-2022

PHP Basics
Download PDF
Download examples Codes

Tools

Visual Studio Code

Visual Studio Code is a code editor redefined and optimized for building and debugging modern web and
cloud applications.

https://code.visualstudio.com/
Visual Studio Code - PHP Extension Pack

Online PHP Editors

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/execute_php_online.php
http://phpfiddle.org/ PhpFiddle provides Web IDE and execution environment for PHP/MySQL, and
HTML/CSS/JavaScript coding online.
http://phptester.net/ Online PHP code tester

What is PHP

PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose
scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.

Further reading: - Intro. to PHP

What is a PHP File?

PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code.
PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain HTML.
PHP files have extension ".php".

What Can PHP Do?

PHP can generate dynamic page content


PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
PHP can collect form data
PHP can send and receive cookies
PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
PHP can be used to control user-access
PHP can encrypt data

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With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF files, and even Flash movies.
You can also output any text, such as XHTML and XML.

Why PHP?

PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)


PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
PHP supports a wide range of databases
PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net
PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side

Install XAMPP Server

XAMPP is the most popular PHP development environment. XAMPP is a completely free, easy to install
Apache distribution containing MariaDB, PHP, and Perl. The XAMPP open source package has been set up
to be incredibly easy to install and to use.

Download XAMPP server https://www.apachefriends.org/download.html


Install XAMPP server
Open XAMPP Control Panel
Click on the "Start" button next to "Apache" to start your Apache Web server. When Apache is
running, the word "Running" will appear next to it, highlighted in green
Also start "MySQL" if your PHP scripts depend on a MySQL database to run.
Place your PHP files in the "htdocs" folder located under the "XAMMP" folder on your C: drive. The
file path is "C:\xampp\htdocs" for your Web server.
Open your Web browser and enter "localhost" into the address box. type name of your PHP file.
Create any folders you need to test PHP files in under the "htdocs" folder. If you create a folder
named "scripts," then use the address "localhost/scripts" to open them in your browser.

Example #1 an introductory example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo "Hi, I'm a PHP script!";
?>
</body>
</html>

phpinfo — Outputs information about PHP's configuration

Example #2 phpinfo example

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<?php
// Show all information, defaults to INFO_ALL
phpinfo();
// Show just the module information.
// phpinfo(8) yields identical results.
phpinfo(INFO_MODULES);
?>

In PHP, all keywords (e.g. if, else, while, echo, etc.), classes, functions, and user-defined functions are NOT
case-sensitive.

Example #3 echo example

<?php

ECHO "Hello World!<br>";


echo "Hello World!<br>";
EcHo "Hello World!<br>";
?>

Download example code

Variables

Variables are used to store data, like string of text, numbers, etc.
Variable values can change over the course of a script.
In PHP, a variable does not need to be declared before adding a value to it.
PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type, depending on its value
After declaring a variable it can be reused throughout the code.
The assignment operator (=) used to assign value to a variable.
all variable names are case-sensitive.

In PHP variable can be declared as: $var_name = value;

Further reading: https://www.tutorialrepublic.com/php-tutorial/php-variables.php

Example #1 variable names

<?php

$color = "red";
$COLOR="GREEN";
echo "My car is " . $color . "<br>";
echo "My house is " . $COLOR . "<br>";
echo "My boat is " . $coLOR . "<br>";

?>
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Download example code

Example #2 disply of variable using echo statement

<?php

$txt = "W3Schools.com";
echo "I love $txt!";
// produce the same output
echo "<br>";
echo "I love " . $txt . "!";

?>

Download example code

Example #3 variable example

<?php

$x = 5;
$y = 4;
echo $x + $y;

?>

Download example code

Variable scope

The scope of a variable is the context within which it is defined.


For the most part all PHP variables only have a single scope.
This single scope spans included and required files as well.

Further reading: https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.variables.scope.php

Local scope variable

Example #1 local scope variable example

<?php
function myTest() {
$x = 5; // local scope
echo "<p>Variable x inside function is: $x</p>";
}

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myTest();

// using x outside the function will generate an error


echo "<p>Variable x outside function is: $x</p>";
?>

Download example code

Global scope variable

Example #2 global scope variable example

<?php
$x = 5; // global scope

function myTest() {
// using x inside this function will generate an error
echo "<p>Variable x inside function is: $x</p>";
}
myTest();

echo "<p>Variable x outside function is: $x</p>";


?>

Download example code

The global keyword

Example #3 using global

<?php
$x = 5; // global scope
$y = 10;

function myTest() {
global $x, $y; // use global scope variable in function
$y = $x + $y;

myTest();
echo $y; // outputs 15
?>

Download example code

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$GLOBALS - The $GLOBALS array is an associative array with the name of the global variable being the key
and the contents of that variable being the value of the array element.

$GLOBALS exists in any scope, this is because $GLOBALS is a superglobal.

Example #4 using $GLOBALS instead of global example

<?php
$x = 5;
$y = 10;

function myTest() {
$GLOBALS['y'] = $GLOBALS['x'] + $GLOBALS['y'];
}

myTest();
echo $y; // outputs 15
?>

Download example code

Using static variables

A static variable exists only in a local function scope, but it does not lose its value when program
execution leaves this scope.

Example #5 Example demonstrating need for static variables

<?php
function test()
{
$a = 0;
echo $a;
$a++;
}
?>

Example #6 use of static variables

<?php
function myTest() {
static $x = 0;
echo $x . "<br \>";
$x++;
}

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myTest();
myTest();
myTest();
myTest();
?>

Download example code

String functions

Download examples code

strlen

Example #1 Get The Lenght of a String

<?php
echo "Length of a String: ";
echo strlen("Hello world!"); // outputs 12
?>

str_word_count

Example #2 Count The Number of Words in a String

<?php
echo "<br /> Count Words: ";
echo str_word_count("Hello world!"); // outputs 2
?>

strrev

Example #3 Reverse a String

<?php
echo "<br />Reverse a String: ";
echo strrev("Hello world!"); // outputs !dlrow olleH
?>

strpos

Example #4 Search For a Specific Text Within a String

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<?php
echo "<br />Position: ";
echo strpos("Hello world!", "world"); // outputs 6
?>

str_replace

Example #5 Replace Text Within a String

<?php
echo "<br />Replace: ";
echo str_replace("world", "PHP", "Hello world!"); // outputs Hello
Dolly!
?>

Comments

Example #1 Comments example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
// This is a single-line comment

# This is also a single-line comment

/*
This is a multiple-lines comment block
that spans over multiple
lines
*/

// You can also use comments to leave out parts of a code line
$x = 5 /* + 15 */ + 5;
$name = "Muhammad Ahmad Nasir";
echo "<h2>$name</h2>";
echo '<h1>' .$x. '</h1>';
?>

</body>
</html>

Download example code

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define function

define — Defines a named constant

Further reading: - https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.define.php

Example #1 Defines a named constant

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>PHP - Contants</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
// define(name, value, case-insensitive)
// case-insensitive: Specifies whether the constant name should be
case-insensitive. Default is false
define("GREETING", "Welcome to Department of CS & IT!");

function myTest() {
echo GREETING;
}
myTest();
?>
</body>
</html>

Download example code

functions

Example #1 Function examples

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>PHP - Functions</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
// Syntax
//
/*function functionName() {
code to be executed;
}*/

//
// Example1
//
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function writeMsg() {
echo "Hello world!";
}

writeMsg(); // call the function

//
// Example2 - By Argument
//
function familyName($fname) {
echo "$fname Nasir" . "<br>";
}

familyName("Muhammad"); // call
familyName("Ali");
familyName("Zeeshan");

// Example3 - By two arguments


//
//

function familyName($fname, $year) {


echo "$fname. Born in $year <br>";
}

familyName("Muhammad Ali", "1975");


familyName("Muhammad Nasir", "1978");
familyName("Muhammad Hamza", "1983");*/

//
// Example 4 - Default Argument Value
//

function setHeight($minheight = 50) {


echo "The height is : $minheight <br>";
}

setHeight(350);
setHeight(); // will use the default value of 50
setHeight(135);
setHeight(80);

//
// Example 5 - Returning Values
//

function sum($x, $y) {


$z = $x + $y;
return $z;
}
$i = sum(5, 10);
echo "5 + 10 = " . $i . "<br>";
echo "7 + 13 = " . sum(7, 13) . "<br>";

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?>
</body>
</html>

Download example code

References

What is PHP?
PHP Tutorial," w3schools
PHP Manual

Muhammad Yasir Bhutta

Web
Youtube
Facebook
Twitter

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