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This document is an exercise sheet for an Advanced Introduction to C++ course, focusing on Linux commands and file management. It includes various problems that guide students through basic Linux operations such as navigating the filesystem, reading files, managing permissions, connecting to remote computers, and using pipes and xargs. The exercises are designed to provide foundational skills necessary for upcoming coursework in scientific computing and machine learning.

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9 views3 pages

Sheet 1

This document is an exercise sheet for an Advanced Introduction to C++ course, focusing on Linux commands and file management. It includes various problems that guide students through basic Linux operations such as navigating the filesystem, reading files, managing permissions, connecting to remote computers, and using pipes and xargs. The exercises are designed to provide foundational skills necessary for upcoming coursework in scientific computing and machine learning.

Uploaded by

bps65536
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Introduction to C++, Scientific SoSe 24 | 15.04.

24
Computing and Machine Learning C. Gros, D. Nevermann

Exercise Sheet #1

Note: This sheet is meant as a fast introduction to Linux. You do not


have to hand in this sheet, however we highly recommend to work on the
exercises, as they provide the fundamentals for all upcoming exercises.

Introduction to Linux For all the commands below, be sure to check its
man page, using man <command>. If there is something you want to do, and
you don’t find a command, you should search the internet, chances are there
is a UNIX command that does what you want, or someone already had the
same problem.

Online terminal To practice Linux commands, you can also try to use an
online terminal, e. g. https://bellard.org/jslinux/vm.html?url=https:
//bellard.org/jslinux/buildroot-x86.cfg. Mind that for some of the
exercises you might miss some directories. As you can never be sure who
reads the input to the online console do never type your password to any
online console. (So you should not do problem №4 online.)

Problem 1 (File system)


1. Use the comands cd, pwd and ls to explore the filesystem. Try:

• cd <dir> (change to dir)


• pwd (print working directory)
• ls (list files in current directory)
• ls -all (list all properties)
• cd . (change to here)
• cd .. (change one level down)
• cd ~ (change to home directory)
• cd (change to home directory)
• cd / (change to the root directory - the equivalent to ”C:” in
windows)
• change to some other user directory, for instance to username with
cd ~username

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Advanced Introduction to C++, Scientific SoSe 24 | 15.04.24
Computing and Machine Learning C. Gros, D. Nevermann

2. Go to the /etc directory and see what is there, check the rest of the
filesystem tree using cd, ls, pwd and cat. Look in /bin, /usr/bin,
/sbin, /tmp and /boot.

3. Go to your home directory and generate a directory called uni and


notuni, with the mkdir command. Change to notuni and generate a
file with touch newfile.

4. Copy the file newfile to copyofnewfile in the directory notuni using


the command cp. Then rename the file by moving the file with the
command mv.

5. Now go back one level try to delete both directories using rm and its
options (check man rm).

6. What is the difference between listing the contents with ls -ltr and
ls -l, or ls (check some of the options, often denoted flags listed in
man ls).

Problem 2 (Reading from files)


Navigate to a directory that contains a text file.

1. Show the content of the text file one page at a time using the less <filename>
command.

2. Show the first and last ten lines of the file using head <filename> and
tail <filename>, respectively.

3. Use grep <word> <filename> to search your file for lines containing
a word of your choice.

Problem 3 (Permissions)
1. Create a file and a directory with permissions r--r--r--. Can you
change to the directory you created now? (hint: man chmod)

2. Modify the permissions on your home directory to make it completely


private. Check with some other user that he can’t access your directory.
Then put the permissions back to how they were. Choose a directory
in your home directory and make all the files on it read only.

2
Advanced Introduction to C++, Scientific SoSe 24 | 15.04.24
Computing and Machine Learning C. Gros, D. Nevermann

Problem 4 (Connecting to other computers)


1. Log into another machine in the lab. Find out the name of your lab
computer (use hostname and domainname). Go to another machine and
then log to the first machine using ssh: (ssh [email protected]).
You can then work in the other computer.

2. Save one step and run a command in the remote computer via
ssh [email protected] <command>. See what happens if you
end the connection while the program is running. Try with a graphical
program, for instance Firefox (you need an extra option for that, see
man ssh).

Problem 5 (Pipe operator and xargs)


The pipe operator | is used to hand over the output of one command to
another command. Navigate to a directory of your choice.

1. Use the grep command and pipe operator to filter the list of files by a
specific keyword. For example, if you wanted to filter by files containing
some <word>, you would use the command ls | grep <word>.

2. Pipe the output of ls -lah into the less command.

If the output of a command contains different arguments that you wish to


pipe into another command, the xargs utility can be useful.

1. Use printf "test1.txt\ntest2.txt" to print out two file names sep-


arated by a newline (\n).

2. Now pipe the output of that command into xargs using the following
command: printf "test1.txt\ntest2.txt" | xargs touch. The
xargs utility will, for each line of the output, execute a given command
(here touch) with that line as an argument. If everything worked, two
new files test1.txt and test2.txt were created. Check if that is the
case using ls.

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